Details of Disease

Disease Name

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Feminisation - testicular; AR deficiency; DHTR deficiency; dihydrotestosterone receptor deficiency; androgen receptor deficiency; testicular feminization syndrome (formerly); AIS; androgen insensitivity, X-linked recessive; Goldberg-Maxwell syndrome; Goldberg - Maxwell syndrome; Morris syndrome; androgen insensitivity syndrome; androgen-insensitivity syndrome; testicular feminization; androgen resistance syndrome; testicular feminization syndrome

Definition

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder of sex development (DSD) characterized by the presence of female external genitalia, ambiguous genitalia or variable defects in virilization in a 46,XY individual with absent or partial responsiveness to age-appropriate levels of androgens. It comprises two clinical subgroups: complete AIS (CAIS) and partial AIS (PAIS).

Disease Hierarchy

DISYKSRF: Genetic disease

DIS78CGG: 46,XY disorder of sex development

DISUZBBO: Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Disease Identifiers

MONDO ID

MONDO_0019154

MESH ID

D013734

UMLS CUI

C0039585

OMIM ID

300068

MedGen ID

21102

Orphanet ID

754

SNOMED CT ID

12313004

General Information of Disease (ID: DISUZBBO)

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 18 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ADRA1D	TT34BHT	Strong	Biomarker	[1]
ATP2A2	TTE6THL	Strong	Biomarker	[1]
BRD2	TTDP48B	Strong	Biomarker	[2]
DOT1L	TTSZ8T1	Strong	Genetic Variation	[3]
DPP9	TTNDUL7	Strong	Genetic Variation	[4]
FGR	TTPOGS1	Strong	Genetic Variation	[5]
FKBP4	TTHY0FT	Strong	Biomarker	[6]
GART	TTEXB9Z	Strong	Biomarker	[7]
NTF3	TTZHKV9	Strong	Genetic Variation	[8]
PDXP	TT9UYG4	Strong	Genetic Variation	[9]
SIRT5	TTH0IOD	Strong	Altered Expression	[10]
SRD5A2	TTT02K8	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
USP8	TT1J07C	Strong	Altered Expression	[12]
VANGL1	TT18WJB	Strong	Genetic Variation	[13]
AR	TTS64P2	Definitive	X-linked	[14]
MTNR1A	TT0WAIE	Definitive	Biomarker	[15]
TMPRSS6	TTL9KE7	Definitive	Biomarker	[16]
TPH1	TTZSJHV	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[17]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 18 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC39A8	DTLPQGT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[18]
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This Disease Is Related to 3 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
HSD17B7	DEDMWFX	Strong	Genetic Variation	[19]
SULT1E1	DESTKG6	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
MT2A	DEFKGT7	Definitive	Biomarker	[16]
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This Disease Is Related to 68 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
TMEFF2	OT1WZ2QO	Limited	Posttranslational Modification	[21]
AANAT	OTUBJ7SX	Strong	Genetic Variation	[22]
ADGRG6	OTY2UBXO	Strong	Genetic Variation	[23]
ADGRG7	OT4IPNZC	Strong	Altered Expression	[24]
AHNAK	OT6KH1WG	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
APH1A	OT97F1TU	Strong	Genetic Variation	[26]
APOD	OTT77XW8	Strong	Altered Expression	[27]
ARF6	OTVV7KJO	Strong	Biomarker	[28]
ARSF	OTC0L12N	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
ASAP2	OTGEXULW	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
ASL	OTI2NGQR	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
ATP2B4	OTMWFDAC	Strong	Altered Expression	[31]
C17orf67	OTCL5EE8	Strong	Genetic Variation	[3]
CHL1	OT6E6E8P	Strong	Genetic Variation	[32]
CLEC1B	OTO38TRG	Strong	Biomarker	[33]
CLTC	OTBFASMA	Strong	Biomarker	[34]
DBP	OTE0W7LN	Strong	Biomarker	[35]
DLST	OTBDF9HJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[36]
FBN2	OT3KYJQL	Strong	Altered Expression	[37]
FUZ	OTC427QQ	Strong	Biomarker	[38]
GPR50	OT0EJBM4	Strong	Biomarker	[39]
GPX3	OT6PK94R	Strong	Genetic Variation	[40]
HECTD1	OTJ95JJS	Strong	Altered Expression	[41]
HJV	OT4235J2	Strong	Altered Expression	[42]
IL17RC	OTEFOBSS	Strong	Genetic Variation	[43]
IRX1	OT0ZN9EJ	Strong	Altered Expression	[44]
ITSN1	OT8YF3S5	Strong	Altered Expression	[45]
KAT7	OTUN98IC	Strong	Biomarker	[5]
LRPAP1	OT6DVD2Q	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
MATN1	OTBRTCTQ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[47]
MID1IP1	OTFCORJM	Strong	Genetic Variation	[48]
MIER1	OTT0UJAS	Strong	Genetic Variation	[49]
MRPS30	OTDXIAGG	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
MT1B	OTUA4FFH	Strong	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1F	OTZVUYG1	Strong	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1G	OTAV1OCR	Strong	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1H	OT0MVBM6	Strong	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1M	OTVT8PLU	Strong	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1X	OT9AKFVS	Strong	Altered Expression	[50]
MTPAP	OT6HQ02S	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
MYBBP1A	OTIVEMIU	Strong	Genetic Variation	[36]
NCOA2	OTMQFPBB	Strong	Genetic Variation	[5]
NRGN	OTVGE10W	Strong	Biomarker	[51]
NUCKS1	OTL4VJC5	Strong	Biomarker	[52]
OCIAD2	OTSWB4SZ	Strong	Altered Expression	[53]
PAICS	OTMZN747	Strong	Biomarker	[7]
PALM2AKAP2	OTI618VF	Strong	Genetic Variation	[54]
PAPOLA	OTPHD65D	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
PAX1	OT0Y3MIM	Strong	Biomarker	[55]
PDAP1	OTJSWMOD	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
PELP1	OTVXQNOT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[36]
PITX1	OTA0UN4C	Strong	Altered Expression	[56]
PMCH	OT3D9SA4	Strong	Altered Expression	[57]
POC5	OTHD4FIH	Strong	Genetic Variation	[58]
PSD	OTUZIXUZ	Strong	Biomarker	[28]
PSMD4	OTH1VZTM	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
SETBP1	OTKGCOSR	Strong	Biomarker	[59]
SFPQ	OTLCIAPJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[26]
SPATA21	OTGTXLP9	Strong	Biomarker	[59]
SPRY4	OT2VK9N0	Strong	Altered Expression	[60]
SRY	OT516T6D	Strong	Genetic Variation	[61]
THRSP	OTKYE01L	Strong	Altered Expression	[48]
AMH	OT5FH4BD	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[62]
AR	OTUBKAZZ	Definitive	X-linked	[14]
BNC2	OTU22H9Z	Definitive	Biomarker	[63]
LBX1	OTQJHICM	Definitive	Biomarker	[64]
SMS	OT8JYKNH	Definitive	Biomarker	[65]
TSPAN33	OTH6C0WU	Definitive	Biomarker	[66]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 68 DOT(s)

References

1	Coronal deformity angular ratio may serve as a valuable parameter to predict in-brace correction in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Spine J. 2019 Jun;19(6):1041-1047. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.12.002. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
2	Postnatal changes of T, LH, and FSH in 46,XY infants with mutations in the AR gene.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jan;87(1):29-32. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.1.7923.
3	Association between genetic determinants of peak height velocity during puberty and predisposition to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 May 20;38(12):1034-9. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318287fcfd.
4	Association study between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the DPP9 gene which is located in the candidate region identified by linkage analysis.Postgrad Med J. 2008 Sep;84(995):498-501. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2007.066639.
5	Expression and characterization of androgen receptor coregulators, SRC-2 and HBO1, during human testis ontogenesis and in androgen signaling deficient patients.Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013 Aug 15;375(1-2):140-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.004. Epub 2013 May 24.
6	Essential role for Co-chaperone Fkbp52 but not Fkbp51 in androgen receptor-mediated signaling and physiology.J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 16;282(7):5026-5036. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M609360200. Epub 2006 Dec 1.
7	A novel mutation (c.T3816 > C) in the androgen receptor gene in a 46,XY female patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.Endokrynol Pol. 2013;64(5):398-402. doi: 10.5603/EP.2013.0023.
8	A replication study for association of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms with curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Japanese patients.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Apr 1;38(7):571-5. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182761535.
9	Risk of persistent or recurrent cervical neoplasia in patients with 'pure' adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS) or mixed AIS and high-grade cervical squamous neoplasia (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN 2/3)): a population-based study.BJOG. 2018 Jan;125(1):74-79. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.14808. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
10	Sirtuin 5 as a novel target to blunt blood-brain barrier damage induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Int J Cardiol. 2018 Jun 1;260:148-155. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.060.
11	Investigation of androgen receptor gene mutations in a series of 21 patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development.J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov 1;28(11-12):1257-63. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2014-0500.
12	Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 is a novel prognostic marker in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.Pathol Int. 2017 Jun;67(6):292-301. doi: 10.1111/pin.12546. Epub 2017 May 19.
13	Mutation of the Planar Cell Polarity Gene VANGL1 in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017 Jun 15;42(12):E702-E707. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001927.
14	Flexible and scalable diagnostic filtering of genomic variants using G2P with Ensembl VEP. Nat Commun. 2019 May 30;10(1):2373. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10016-3.
15	Etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Expression of melatonin receptors 1A/1B, calmodulin and estrogen receptor2 in deep paravertebral muscles revisited.Mol Med Rep. 2016 Dec;14(6):5719-5724. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5927. Epub 2016 Nov 7.
16	Abnormal osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in response to melatonin.Mol Med Rep. 2016 Aug;14(2):1201-9. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5384. Epub 2016 Jun 10.
17	Lack of association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms in MATN1, MTNR1B, TPH1, and IGF1 in a Japanese population.J Orthop Res. 2011 Jul;29(7):1055-8. doi: 10.1002/jor.21347. Epub 2011 Feb 9.
18	A Novel Coding Variant in SLC39A8 Is Associated With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Chinese Han Population.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020 Feb 15;45(4):226-233. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003244.
19	17Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 deficiency: diagnosis, phenotypic variability, population genetics, and worldwide distribution of ancient and de novo mutations.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Dec;84(12):4713-21. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.12.6174.
20	Prognostic value of global left atrial peak strain in patients with acute ischemic stroke and no evidence of atrial fibrillation.Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Apr;35(4):603-613. doi: 10.1007/s10554-018-1485-z. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
21	DNA methylation profile during multistage progression of pulmonary adenocarcinomas.Virchows Arch. 2011 Aug;459(2):201-11. doi: 10.1007/s00428-011-1079-9. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
22	Association study of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase polymorphisms with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Han Chinese.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Sep 15;33(20):2199-203. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817c03f9.
23	A Genetic Variant in GPR126 Causing a Decreased Inclusion of Exon 6 Is Associated with Cartilage Development in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Population.Biomed Res Int. 2019 Feb 11;2019:4678969. doi: 10.1155/2019/4678969. eCollection 2019.
24	The 17-estradiol induced upregulation of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (ADGRG7) is modulated by ESR and SP1 complex.Biol Open. 2019 Jan 14;8(1):bio037390. doi: 10.1242/bio.037390.
25	Alterations of the gut microbiome and plasma proteome in Chinese patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Bone. 2019 Mar;120:364-370. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.017. Epub 2018 Nov 24.
26	Selective Fusion in Lenke 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.World Neurosurg. 2018 Oct;118:e784-e791. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.052. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
27	Apolipoprotein D (APOD) is a putative biomarker of androgen receptor function in androgen insensitivity syndrome.J Mol Med (Berl). 2009 Jun;87(6):623-32. doi: 10.1007/s00109-009-0462-3. Epub 2009 Mar 30.
28	EFA6 regulates selective polarised transport and axon regeneration from the axon initial segment.J Cell Sci. 2017 Nov 1;130(21):3663-3675. doi: 10.1242/jcs.207423. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
29	Human papillomavirus (HPV) test and PAP smear as predictors of outcome in conservatively treated adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the uterine cervix.Gynecol Oncol. 2007 Jul;106(1):170-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.03.016. Epub 2007 May 4.
30	Monitoring cerebral blood flow change through use of arterial spin labelling in acute ischaemic stroke patients after intra-arterial thrombectomy.Eur Radiol. 2018 Aug;28(8):3276-3284. doi: 10.1007/s00330-018-5319-0. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
31	Human platelet Ca2+-ATPases: new markers of cell differentiation as illustrated in idiopathic scoliosis.Platelets. 2006 Sep;17(6):421-33. doi: 10.1080/09537100600758719.
32	Lack of association between the CHL1 gene and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis susceptibility in Han Chinese: a case-control study.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 Feb 10;15:38. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-38.
33	Plasma C-type lectin-like receptor 2 as a predictor of death and vascular events in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Eur J Neurol. 2019 Oct;26(10):1334-1340. doi: 10.1111/ene.13984. Epub 2019 Jun 17.
34	Leptin Receptor Metabolism Disorder in Primary Chondrocytes from Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Girls.Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Jul 20;17(7):1160. doi: 10.3390/ijms17071160.
35	Differential proteome analysis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with thoracolumbar/lumbar curvatures.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 May 24;20(1):247. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2640-y.
36	Androgen receptor mutations identified in prostate cancer and androgen insensitivity syndrome display aberrant ART-27 coactivator function.Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Sep;19(9):2273-82. doi: 10.1210/me.2005-0134. Epub 2005 May 26.
37	New Evidence Supporting the Role of FBN1 in the Development of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019 Feb 15;44(4):E225-E232. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002809.
38	Promoter-dependent activity on androgen receptor N-terminal domain mutations in androgen insensitivity syndrome.Sex Dev. 2014;8(6):339-49. doi: 10.1159/000369266. Epub 2014 Dec 6.
39	Evaluation of GPR50, hMel-1B, and ROR-alpha melatonin-related receptors and the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.J Pediatr Orthop. 2010 Sep;30(6):539-43. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181e7902c.
40	Plasma glutathione peroxidase in pediatric stroke families.J Thromb Haemost. 2011 Jan;9(1):33-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04103.x.
41	The role of circular RNA HECTD1 expression in disease risk, disease severity, inflammation, and recurrence of acute ischemic stroke.J Clin Lab Anal. 2019 Sep;33(7):e22954. doi: 10.1002/jcla.22954. Epub 2019 Jul 1.
42	The functional role of hemojuvelin in acute ischemic stroke.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020 Jun;40(6):1316-1327. doi: 10.1177/0271678X19861448. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
43	A single-nucleotide polymorphism rs708567 in the IL-17RC gene is associated with a susceptibility to and the curve severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Sep 21;13:181. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-181.
44	Investigating Role of IRX Family in Development of Female Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Which One Is Real Cause?.World Neurosurg. 2019 Jul;127:e132-e136. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.184. Epub 2019 Mar 9.
45	The correlation of long non-coding RNA intersectin 1-2 with disease risk, disease severity, inflammation, and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke.J Clin Lab Anal. 2020 Feb;34(2):e23053. doi: 10.1002/jcla.23053. Epub 2019 Oct 24.
46	Pooling data from different populations: should there be regional differences in cerebral haemodynamics?.BMC Neurol. 2018 Sep 27;18(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12883-018-1155-8.
47	The association of rs1149048 polymorphism in matrilin-1(MATN1) gene with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Mol Biol Rep. 2014;41(4):2543-9. doi: 10.1007/s11033-014-3112-y. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
48	Spot14/Spot14R expression may be involved in MSC adipogenic differentiation in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Mol Med Rep. 2016 Jun;13(6):4636-42. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5109. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
49	Association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with double curve and polymorphisms of calmodulin1 gene/estrogen receptor- gene.Orthop Surg. 2009 Aug;1(3):222-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1757-7861.2009.00038.x.
50	Abnormal melatonin receptor 1B expression in osteoblasts from girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.J Pineal Res. 2011 May;50(4):395-402. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00857.x. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
51	Neurogranin and tau in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with acute ischemic stroke.BMC Neurol. 2017 Aug 30;17(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12883-017-0945-8.
52	Genetic Polymorphism of NUCKS1 Is Associated With the Susceptibility of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017 Nov 1;42(21):1629-1634. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002167.
53	High expression of ovarian cancer immunoreactive antigen domain containing 2 (OCIAD2) is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.Pathol Int. 2018 Nov;68(11):596-604. doi: 10.1111/pin.12724. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
54	Lack of association between AKAP2 and the susceptibility of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the Chinese population.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Aug 24;18(1):368. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1731-x.
55	Genetic polymorphisms of PAX1 are functionally associated with different PUMC types of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a northern Chinese Han population.Gene. 2019 Mar 10;688:215-220. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.013. Epub 2018 Dec 17.
56	Abnormal PITX1 gene methylation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018 May 9;19(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2054-2.
57	Abnormal red blood cell indices increase the risk of arterial ischemic stroke in children.J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Apr;62:117-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.12.005. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
58	Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis associated POC5 mutation impairs cell cycle, cilia length and centrosome protein interactions.PLoS One. 2019 Mar 7;14(3):e0213269. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213269. eCollection 2019.
59	Investigation of the 53 Markers in a DNA-Based Prognostic Test Revealing New Predisposition Genes for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Jul 15;40(14):1086-91. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000900.
60	SPRY4 is responsible for pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by contributing to osteogenic differentiation and melatonin response of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Cell Death Dis. 2019 Oct 23;10(11):805. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1949-7.
61	Case report of whole genome sequencing in the XY female: identification of a novel SRY mutation and revision of a misdiagnosis of androgen insensitivity syndrome.BMC Endocr Disord. 2016 Nov 8;16(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12902-016-0141-7.
62	Safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive scoliosis surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective case series of 84 patients.Eur Spine J. 2020 Apr;29(4):761-769. doi: 10.1007/s00586-019-06172-1. Epub 2019 Oct 21.
63	An international meta-analysis confirms the association of BNC2 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 16;8(1):4730. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22552-x.
64	Paraspinal muscle ladybird homeobox 1 (LBX1) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a cross-sectional study.Spine J. 2019 Dec;19(12):1911-1916. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2019.06.014. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
65	The minimum detectable measurement difference for the Scoliosis Research Society-22r in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison with the minimum clinically important difference.Spine J. 2019 Aug;19(8):1319-1323. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 12.
66	Perfusion Changes of Unexplained Early Neurological Deterioration After Reperfusion Therapy.Transl Stroke Res. 2020 Apr;11(2):195-203. doi: 10.1007/s12975-019-00723-w. Epub 2019 Aug 28.