Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISZD9W7)

Disease Name Nicotine dependence
Synonyms tobacco use disorder; nicotine addiction
Disease Class 6C4A: Nicotine use disorder
Definition Physical and psychological dependence on nicotine.
Disease Hierarchy
DIS9IXRC: Drug dependence
DISZD9W7: Nicotine dependence
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 6C4A.2
ICD-10
ICD-10: F17.2
ICD-9
ICD-9: 305.1
Expand ICD-11
'6C4A.2
Expand ICD-10
'F17.2
Expand ICD-9
305.1
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0008575
MESH ID
D014029
UMLS CUI
C0028043
MedGen ID
45086
HPO ID
HP:0033543
SNOMED CT ID
56294008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Nicotine DMWX5CO Approved Small molecular drug [1]
TA-NIC DMGZKPE Approved NA [2]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 6 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
NicVAX DMJKLWS Phase 3 NA [3]
Tebipenem DMVSX6O Phase 3 Small molecular drug [4]
NIC-002 DMKLJMI Phase 2 Vaccine [5]
OMS-403 DMUP4SY Phase 2 NA [6]
OMS405 DMWC36Y Phase 2 NA [6]
INT-0003/2005 DMFKEP4 Phase 1 NA [7]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Drug(s)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Investigative Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
TC-5653 DM9BJY7 Investigative NA [8]
TG-3030 DM8RSDE Investigative NA [9]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 52 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC6A3 TTVBI8W Limited Genetic Variation [11]
CYP2B6 TTMH124 moderate Biomarker [12]
DDC TTN451K moderate Genetic Variation [13]
DRD3 TT4C8EA moderate Biomarker [14]
EGLN2 TTMHFRY moderate Genetic Variation [15]
ERBB4 TTWALCO moderate Biomarker [16]
GM2A TTGOFW6 moderate Genetic Variation [17]
GRM5 TTHS256 moderate Biomarker [18]
MAOA TT3WG5C moderate Genetic Variation [19]
SLCO3A1 TT5CE6L moderate Biomarker [20]
ADH7 TT3LE7P Strong Genetic Variation [21]
AHR TT037IE Strong Biomarker [22]
CACNA2D3 TTN7T29 Strong Biomarker [23]
CHAT TTKYFSB Strong Biomarker [24]
CHRM1 TTZ9SOR Strong Genetic Variation [25]
CHRM2 TTYEG6Q Strong Biomarker [26]
CHRNA1 TT54JVQ Strong Genetic Variation [27]
CHRNA10 TTJ49OM Strong Genetic Variation [28]
CHRNA2 TTF4E0J Strong Genetic Variation [29]
CHRNA5 TTH2QRX Strong Genetic Variation [30]
CHRNA7 TTLA931 Strong Biomarker [31]
CHRNA9 TTQACP9 Strong Genetic Variation [32]
CHRNB4 TTTVAFQ Strong Biomarker [31]
CNR1 TT6OEDT Strong Biomarker [33]
COMT TTKWFB8 Strong Altered Expression [34]
DBH TTYIP79 Strong Biomarker [35]
DLG4 TT9PB26 Strong Biomarker [36]
DNM1 TTE3JW9 Strong Biomarker [37]
DRD1 TTZFYLI Strong Genetic Variation [14]
DRD2 TTEX248 Strong Genetic Variation [38]
DRD4 TTE0A2F Strong Genetic Variation [39]
GABRA2 TTBMV1G Strong Biomarker [40]
GRIA4 TTPJR0G Strong Genetic Variation [41]
GRM2 TTXJ47W Strong Biomarker [42]
GRM7 TT0I76D Strong Genetic Variation [43]
HCRT TTU5HJP Strong Biomarker [44]
HCRTR2 TT9N02I Strong Biomarker [33]
HTR2A TTJQOD7 Strong Genetic Variation [39]
HTR3A TTPC4TU Strong Genetic Variation [45]
HTR3B TTR6K75 Strong Posttranslational Modification [45]
KCNJ6 TTTIBVP Strong Genetic Variation [46]
KMO TTIY56R Strong Biomarker [47]
NAAA TTMN4HY Strong Biomarker [48]
NPY2R TTJ6WK9 Strong Genetic Variation [49]
RAPGEF3 TTOE7I0 Strong Genetic Variation [50]
RAPGEF4 TTOS63B Strong Genetic Variation [50]
SLC6A4 TT3ROYC Strong Altered Expression [51]
TAAR1 TTIU98M Strong Biomarker [52]
TPH1 TTZSJHV Strong Genetic Variation [53]
TPH2 TT3KLDP Strong Biomarker [53]
GABRE TTBY4OD Definitive Genetic Variation [54]
GALR1 TTX3HNZ Definitive Genetic Variation [55]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 52 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 5 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CYP2A6 DEJVYAZ No Known Unknown [56]
CYP2A13 DEXZA9U Strong Genetic Variation [57]
FMO1 DEJ73Q9 Strong Genetic Variation [58]
FMO3 DEP76YL Strong Genetic Variation [59]
HINT1 DEWJATF Strong Genetic Variation [60]
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This Disease Is Related to 34 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CYP2A6 OT52TWG3 No Known Unknown [56]
APBB1 OTZPVSSC Limited Biomarker [61]
CHRNA3 OTCZQY1U Disputed Genetic Variation [29]
ANAPC1 OT2YY35L moderate Biomarker [20]
KANK1 OT2E7A6W moderate Genetic Variation [20]
ANKK1 OT0OM1O0 Strong Genetic Variation [62]
ARSD OTAHW9M8 Strong Genetic Variation [63]
CAMK4 OT47RDGV Strong Biomarker [64]
CARTPT OTTE4V9S Strong Biomarker [65]
CCAR1 OTUXLQZZ Strong Biomarker [66]
CD200R1 OT65Q9M6 Strong Biomarker [33]
CHRND OTLUUP7C Strong Genetic Variation [67]
CHRNG OTXC2UR7 Strong Genetic Variation [28]
CPD OT2CS64Y Strong Biomarker [68]
FRMD4A OTJDTIK2 Strong Genetic Variation [69]
FTCD OTX9HZT5 Strong Altered Expression [70]
GABARAP OTAQUX6E Strong Biomarker [36]
GABBR1 OTU5A52J Strong Biomarker [23]
GABRA4 OT5I7OI2 Strong Biomarker [40]
GRIN3A OTQS9GYY Strong Genetic Variation [71]
LCP1 OTK61F2A Strong Biomarker [72]
LYSMD3 OTA7IBLE Strong Biomarker [72]
NRG3 OTIFZ5CT Strong Genetic Variation [16]
NRXN1 OTJN1JQA Strong Genetic Variation [73]
NRXN3 OTJ0I7HJ Strong Biomarker [74]
OR2AG1 OTEITRP4 Strong Genetic Variation [75]
PLEKHG1 OTDVYW2F Strong Biomarker [72]
PPP1R1B OTSIJMQ9 Strong Biomarker [76]
RPTOR OT4TQZ9F Strong Biomarker [72]
SAGE1 OT4H6FFA Strong Genetic Variation [77]
SHC3 OT305NPA Strong Biomarker [78]
TAS2R16 OT67HLNS Strong Biomarker [79]
TAS2R38 OTX5MM36 Strong Biomarker [79]
TTC12 OTDB24YV Strong Genetic Variation [80]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 34 DOT(s)

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2585).
2 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00633321) Study of TA-NIC to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of the Vaccine as an Aid to Smoking Cessation. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
3 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00836199) NicVAX/Placebo as an Aid for Smoking Cessation. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
4 Emerging drugs for obesity: linking novel biological mechanisms to pharmaceutical pipelines. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 Aug;10(3):643-60.
5 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00369616) Efficacy and Safety of Nicotine-Qbeta Vaccine in Smokers. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
6 Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800035962)
7 Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800030547)
8 The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
9 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 241).
10 Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006543)
11 The association of dopamine pathway gene score, nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in a rural male population of Shandong, China.Am J Addict. 2016 Sep;25(6):493-8. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12421. Epub 2016 Aug 4.
12 CYP2B6 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an Italian population sample and relationship with nicotine dependence.Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2015 Feb;19(2):103-7. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0239. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
13 Dopamine-related genes and spontaneous smoking cessation in ever-heavy smokers.Pharmacogenomics. 2011 Aug;12(8):1099-106. doi: 10.2217/pgs.11.74. Epub 2011 Aug 1.
14 Role of nicotine dependence in the association between the dopamine receptor gene DRD3 and major depressive disorder.PLoS One. 2014 Jun 13;9(6):e98199. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098199. eCollection 2014.
15 Variants in two adjacent genes, EGLN2 and CYP2A6, influence smoking behavior related to disease risk via different mechanisms.Hum Mol Genet. 2014 Jan 15;23(2):555-61. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt432. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
16 Neuregulin 3 Signaling Mediates Nicotine-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Cognition.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018 May;43(6):1343-1354. doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.278. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
17 GWAS and network analysis of co-occurring nicotine and alcohol dependence identifies significantly associated alleles and network.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2019 Jan;180(1):3-11. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32692. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
18 Chronic Nicotine Exposure Alters Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5: Longitudinal PET Study and Behavioural Assessment in Rats.Neurotox Res. 2019 Nov;36(4):806-816. doi: 10.1007/s12640-019-00055-5. Epub 2019 May 22.
19 Interactions between monoamine oxidase A rs1137070 and smoking on brain structure and function in male smokers.Eur J Neurosci. 2019 Aug;50(3):2201-2210. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14282. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
20 ANAPC1 and SLCO3A1 are associated with nicotine dependence: meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Aug 1;124(3):325-32. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.003. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
21 Genetic variants in nicotine addiction and alcohol metabolism genes, oral cancer risk and the propensity to smoke and drink alcohol: a replication study in India.PLoS One. 2014 Feb 5;9(2):e88240. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088240. eCollection 2014.
22 Association of serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity and RBC omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with flow-mediated dilation in healthy, young Hispanic cigarette smokers.Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 22;232(2):422-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.002. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
23 Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies a novel susceptibility signal at CACNA2D3 for nicotine dependence.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2017 Jul;174(5):557-567. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32540. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
24 Convergent evidence that choline acetyltransferase gene variation is associated with prospective smoking cessation and nicotine dependence.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 May;35(6):1374-82. doi: 10.1038/npp.2010.7. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
25 Gene-based analysis suggests association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta1 subunit (CHRNB1) and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM1) with vulnerability for nicotine dependence.Hum Genet. 2006 Oct;120(3):381-9. doi: 10.1007/s00439-006-0229-7. Epub 2006 Jul 28.
26 Association of a variant in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 gene (CHRM2) with nicotine addiction.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010 Mar 5;153B(2):684-690. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31011.
27 Association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in 5500 Germans.Pharmacogenomics J. 2009 Aug;9(4):219-24. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2009.6. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
28 Multiple cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes affect nicotine dependence risk in African and European Americans.Genes Brain Behav. 2010 Oct;9(7):741-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00608.x. Epub 2010 Jul 22.
29 Cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit polymorphisms are associated with smoking cessation success in women.BMC Med Genet. 2018 Apr 5;19(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12881-018-0571-3.
30 Is the Fagerstrm test for nicotine dependence invariant across secular trends in smoking? A question for cross-birth cohort analysis of nicotine dependence.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Apr 1;185:127-132. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.013. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
31 Association and cis-mQTL analysis of variants in CHRNA3-A5, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, and CHRNB4 in relation to nicotine dependence in a Chinese Han population.Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 18;8(1):83. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0130-x.
32 The contribution of rare and common variants in 30 genes to risk nicotine dependence.Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Nov;20(11):1467-78. doi: 10.1038/mp.2014.156. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
33 Functional crosstalk of nucleus accumbens CB1 and OX2 receptors in response to nicotine-induced place preference.Neurosci Lett. 2019 Apr 17;698:160-164. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.027. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
34 Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val/Met genotype and smoking cessation treatment with nicotine: a meta-analysis.Pharmacogenomics. 2015 Nov;16(16):1879-85. doi: 10.2217/pgs.15.127. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
35 An initial investigation of associations between dopamine-linked genetic variation and smoking motives in African Americans.Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2015 Nov;138:104-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.018. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
36 Fine mapping of a linkage region on chromosome 17p13 reveals that GABARAP and DLG4 are associated with vulnerability to nicotine dependence in European-Americans.Hum Mol Genet. 2007 Jan 15;16(2):142-53. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl450. Epub 2006 Dec 12.
37 Detection of genetic association and a functional polymorphism of dynamin 1 gene with nicotine dependence in European and African Americans.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Apr;34(5):1351-9. doi: 10.1038/npp.2008.197. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
38 Behavioral and Neural Manifestations of Reward Memory in Carriers of Low-Expressing versus High-Expressing Genetic Variants of the Dopamine D2 Receptor.Front Psychol. 2017 May 1;8:654. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00654. eCollection 2017.
39 Polymorphisms in HTR2A and DRD4 Predispose to Smoking and Smoking Quantity.PLoS One. 2017 Jan 19;12(1):e0170019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170019. eCollection 2017.
40 Further evidence for an association between the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A, subunit 4 genes on chromosome 4 and Fagerstrm Test for Nicotine Dependence.Addiction. 2009 Mar;104(3):471-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02445.x.
41 Genome-wide association study identifies glutamate ionotropic receptor GRIA4 as a risk gene for comorbid nicotine dependence and major depression.Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 4;8(1):208. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0258-8.
42 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 2 and 3 as Targets for Treating Nicotine Addiction.Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 1;83(11):947-954. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.021. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
43 Hemizygous Deletion on Chromosome 3p26.1 Is Associated with Heavy Smoking among African American Subjects in the COPDGene Study.PLoS One. 2016 Oct 6;11(10):e0164134. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164134. eCollection 2016.
44 The dual orexin receptor antagonist TCS1102 does not affect reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.PLoS One. 2017 Mar 15;12(3):e0173967. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173967. eCollection 2017.
45 Association and cis-mQTL analysis of variants in serotonergic genes associated with nicotine dependence in Chinese Han smokers.Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 7;8(1):243. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0290-8.
46 Association between KCNJ6 (GIRK2) gene polymorphism rs2835859 and post-operative analgesia, pain sensitivity, and nicotine dependence.J Pharmacol Sci. 2014;126(3):253-63. doi: 10.1254/jphs.14189fp. Epub 2014 Oct 25.
47 Attenuating Nicotine Reinforcement and Relapse by Enhancing Endogenous Brain Levels of Kynurenic Acid in Rats and Squirrel Monkeys.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Jul;42(8):1619-1629. doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.21. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
48 Inhibition of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase reduces nicotine-induced dopamine activation and reward.Neuropharmacology. 2019 Jan;144:327-336. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.013. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
49 Association between neuropeptide Y receptor 2 polymorphism and the smoking behavior of elderly Japanese.J Hum Genet. 2010 Nov;55(11):755-60. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2010.108. Epub 2010 Sep 2.
50 Association study of the Epac gene and tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2004 Aug 15;129B(1):116-9. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30040.
51 Genetic Interaction Between Two VNTRs in the SLC6A4 Gene Regulates Nicotine Dependence in Vietnamese Men.Front Pharmacol. 2018 Dec 3;9:1398. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01398. eCollection 2018.
52 Role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in nicotine's behavioral and neurochemical effects.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018 Nov;43(12):2435-2444. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0017-9. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
53 The role of the TPH1 and TPH2 genes for nicotine dependence: a genetic association study in two different age cohorts.Neuropsychobiology. 2007;56(1):47-54. doi: 10.1159/000110728. Epub 2007 Nov 6.
54 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes and nicotine dependence: evidence for association from a case-control study.Addiction. 2008 Jun;103(6):1027-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02236.x.
55 The neuropeptide galanin and variants in the GalR1 gene are associated with nicotine dependence.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 Oct;36(11):2339-48. doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.123. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
56 Novel and established CYP2A6 alleles impair in vivo nicotine metabolism in a population of Black African descent. Hum Mutat. 2008 May;29(5):679-88. doi: 10.1002/humu.20698.
57 'Smoking genes': a genetic association study.PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026668. Epub 2011 Oct 26.
58 Common polymorphisms in FMO1 are associated with nicotine dependence.Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Jul;21(7):397-402. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346886f.
59 Nicotine dependence is associated with functional variation in FMO3, an enzyme that metabolizes nicotine in the brain.Pharmacogenomics J. 2018 Jan;18(1):136-143. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2016.92. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
60 Association of the histidine-triad nucleotide-binding protein-1 (HINT1) gene variants with nicotine dependence. Pharmacogenomics J. 2011 Aug;11(4):251-7. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2010.41. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
61 Association of amyloid precursor protein-binding protein, family B, member 1 with nicotine dependence in African and European American smokers.Hum Genet. 2008 Nov;124(4):393-8. doi: 10.1007/s00439-008-0558-9. Epub 2008 Sep 7.
62 Association of ankyrin repeats & kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) gene polymorphism with co-morbid alcohol & nicotine dependence: A pilot study from a tertiary care treatment centre in north India.Indian J Med Res. 2017 Jan;145(1):33-38. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_458_14.
63 Intragenic rearrangements in NRXN1 in three families with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and speech delay. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010 Jul;153B(5):983-93. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31064.
64 Nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal signs are attenuated in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV knockout mice.PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e51154. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051154. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
65 Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) gene in the comorbidity of schizophrenia with alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Aug 16;34(6):834-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.03.030. Epub 2010 Mar 30.
66 Persistence of cigarette smoking: familial liability and the role of nicotine dependence.Addiction. 2002 Aug;97(8):1063-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00211.x.
67 Peer smoking and the nicotinic receptor genes: an examination of genetic and environmental risks for nicotine dependence.Addiction. 2010 Nov;105(11):2014-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03074.x. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
68 Differences in nicotine dependence, smoke exposure and consumer characteristics between smokers of machine-injected roll-your-own cigarettes and factory-made cigarettes.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Jun 1;187:109-115. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.039. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
69 Large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian population reveals genetic factors in FRMD4A and other loci influencing smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.Hum Genet. 2012 Jun;131(6):1009-21. doi: 10.1007/s00439-011-1102-x. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
70 Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Metabolism, and the Extent of Compensation in Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes.Nicotine Tob Res. 2015 Sep;17(9):1167-72. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu337. Epub 2015 Jan 2.
71 Demonstration of critical role of GRIN3A in nicotine dependence through both genetic association and molecular functional studies.Addict Biol. 2020 Jan;25(1):e12718. doi: 10.1111/adb.12718. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
72 Substance dependence low-density whole genome association study in two distinct American populations. Hum Genet. 2008 Jun;123(5):495-506. doi: 10.1007/s00439-008-0501-0. Epub 2008 Apr 26.
73 SNPs in NRXN1 and CHRNA5 are associated to smoking and regulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic pathways.Pharmacogenomics. 2016 Jul;17(10):1145-1158. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0020. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
74 Association of neurexin 3 polymorphisms with smoking behavior.Genes Brain Behav. 2012 Aug;11(6):704-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00815.x. Epub 2012 Jul 17.
75 Association and interaction analyses of 5-HT3 receptor and serotonin transporter genes with alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine dependence using the SAGE data.Hum Genet. 2014 Jul;133(7):905-18. doi: 10.1007/s00439-014-1431-7. Epub 2014 Mar 4.
76 Association analysis of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) gene with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2007 Apr 5;144B(3):285-90. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30399.
77 Combined genetic influence of the nicotinic receptor gene cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 on nicotine dependence.BMC Genomics. 2018 Nov 20;19(1):826. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5219-3.
78 Linkage and association studies in African- and Caucasian-American populations demonstrate that SHC3 is a novel susceptibility locus for nicotine dependence.Mol Psychiatry. 2007 May;12(5):462-73. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001933. Epub 2006 Dec 19.
79 A combinatorial approach to detecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in family studies.Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Oct;83(4):457-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.09.001. Epub 2008 Oct 2.
80 NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and smoking motives as intermediate phenotypes for nicotine dependence.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2015 Apr;232(7):1177-86. doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3748-2. Epub 2014 Oct 3.