Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS9IXRC)

Disease Name Drug dependence
Synonyms chemical dependence
Definition
Drug dependence - replaced the term "drug addiction" and is defined as a state, psychic and sometimes also physical, resulting from the interaction between a living organism and a drug, characterized by behavioral and other responses that always include a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its psychic effects, and sometimes to avoid the discomfort of its absence. Tolerance may or may not be present. A person may be dependent on more than one drug.
Disease Hierarchy
DISDRAAR: Substance dependence
DIS9IXRC: Drug dependence
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0005303
MESH ID
D019966
UMLS CUI
C1510472
MedGen ID
307144
HPO ID
HP:0033511
SNOMED CT ID
2403008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Varenicline DMMUOLJ Approved Small molecular drug [1]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 53 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
GRIN1 TTLD29N Limited Genetic Variation [2]
OPRD1 TT27RFC Limited Biomarker [3]
OPRK1 TTQW87Y Limited Biomarker [4]
SLC6A3 TTVBI8W Limited Biomarker [5]
KCNN1 TT9R6BE moderate Genetic Variation [6]
NPY TT64REZ moderate Biomarker [7]
SLC1A3 TT8WRDA moderate Biomarker [8]
ABCC4 TTUEAFL Strong Biomarker [9]
CD274 TT8ZLTI Strong Biomarker [9]
CFTR TTRLZHP Strong Biomarker [9]
CHRNA5 TTH2QRX Strong Biomarker [10]
CNR1 TT6OEDT Strong Biomarker [11]
CYP2D6 TTVG215 Strong Biomarker [12]
DRD1 TTZFYLI Strong Biomarker [13]
DRD2 TTEX248 Strong Genetic Variation [14]
DRD3 TT4C8EA Strong Biomarker [15]
DRD4 TTE0A2F Strong Biomarker [16]
FHIT TTMS54D Strong Biomarker [9]
FKBP15 TT1XEQO Strong Biomarker [9]
GABRA2 TTBMV1G Strong Genetic Variation [17]
GRIA4 TTPJR0G Strong Biomarker [9]
GRIK2 TT0K5RG Strong Biomarker [9]
GRM2 TTXJ47W Strong Biomarker [18]
GRM3 TT8A9EF Strong Biomarker [19]
GRM5 TTHS256 Strong Biomarker [9]
GRM7 TT0I76D Strong Biomarker [20]
HCRT TTU5HJP Strong Biomarker [21]
HTR1A TTSQIFT Strong Biomarker [22]
HTR2C TTWJBZ5 Strong Biomarker [23]
INSR TTCBFJO Strong Biomarker [9]
MGLL TTZ963I Strong Genetic Variation [24]
MKNK1 TTEZAUX Strong Biomarker [9]
OPRL1 TTNT7K8 Strong Biomarker [25]
OPRM1 TTKWM86 Strong Biomarker [26]
PDE1C TTW2HRK Strong Biomarker [9]
PLA2R1 TTHKW7D Strong Biomarker [9]
PLCB1 TTLPGU7 Strong Biomarker [27]
PRKCE TT57MT2 Strong Biomarker [9]
PRKCH TTONI0R Strong Biomarker [9]
SLC10A2 TTPI1M5 Strong Biomarker [9]
SLC1A2 TT2F078 Strong Altered Expression [28]
SLC22A3 TTG2UMS Strong Biomarker [29]
SLC6A4 TT3ROYC Strong Biomarker [30]
SLK TT8K4DE Strong Biomarker [9]
TAAR1 TTIU98M Strong Biomarker [31]
TMEM97 TT9NXW4 Strong Biomarker [32]
CHRNA2 TTF4E0J Definitive Biomarker [33]
DRD5 TTS2PH3 Definitive Biomarker [34]
HEXIM1 TTFOKAH Definitive Genetic Variation [35]
HTR1B TTK8CXU Definitive Genetic Variation [36]
HTR3B TTR6K75 Definitive Genetic Variation [37]
NPTX2 TTNJ5A6 Definitive Biomarker [38]
PTPRB TT64I9Q Definitive Genetic Variation [39]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 53 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 3 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC17A6 DT5LHCR Strong Biomarker [40]
SLC2A13 DT0NSKB Strong Biomarker [9]
SLC45A2 DTNCJAT Strong Biomarker [9]
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This Disease Is Related to 3 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ADH4 DEOCWU3 Strong Genetic Variation [41]
HINT1 DEWJATF Strong Biomarker [42]
MSRA DEU2ZBY Strong Biomarker [9]
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This Disease Is Related to 101 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ABLIM1 OTHXEK3E Strong Biomarker [9]
ADARB2 OTDJKS39 Strong Biomarker [9]
AFF3 OTR0705Z Strong Biomarker [9]
AGBL4 OTOX2H61 Strong Biomarker [9]
AKAP7 OT0L3PZ6 Strong Biomarker [9]
ANKK1 OT0OM1O0 Strong Genetic Variation [43]
ANO4 OT8E2PMA Strong Biomarker [9]
APPL2 OT9S4C4K Strong Biomarker [9]
ATP1B1 OTTO6ZP4 Strong Biomarker [9]
BCAR3 OTPJ17M8 Strong Biomarker [9]
BPIFA2 OTLFSDZD Strong Biomarker [9]
C19orf18 OTY38VMO Strong Biomarker [9]
C5orf63 OTKTZVBF Strong Biomarker [9]
CADPS2 OTV1FW0M Strong Biomarker [9]
CARTPT OTTE4V9S Strong Biomarker [44]
CCDC91 OTLZNXDL Strong Biomarker [9]
CDCP1 OTD7RRWK Strong Biomarker [9]
CDH13 OTD2CYM5 Strong Biomarker [9]
CERS6 OTOP4GV1 Strong Biomarker [9]
CHCHD3 OT8BDECJ Strong Biomarker [9]
CHD1L OT7CZK7C Strong Biomarker [9]
COLEC12 OTIQTK9G Strong Biomarker [9]
CSMD1 OTIVDSC4 Strong Biomarker [9]
CSMD3 OTAT75SW Strong Biomarker [9]
CSRNP3 OTOANEHZ Strong Biomarker [9]
CSRP3 OTECBJMV Strong Biomarker [9]
CTNNA3 OT9Z0P1E Strong Biomarker [9]
CXCL14 OTM189TA Strong Biomarker [9]
DDX1 OT3U8FD0 Strong Biomarker [9]
DISC1 OT43AW4H Strong Biomarker [45]
DNAH8 OTGES2OU Strong Biomarker [9]
DOCK1 OTCFV3ON Strong Biomarker [9]
DSCAM OTL7PRMK Strong Biomarker [9]
EFHD2 OTM9VMN3 Strong Biomarker [46]
EHHADH OTBAAHL5 Strong Biomarker [9]
EIPR1 OTNQKNL3 Strong Biomarker [9]
ETV6 OTCZMG61 Strong Biomarker [9]
FAM184A OTAI8E9G Strong Biomarker [9]
FAM184B OTIHXYJC Strong Biomarker [9]
FARP1 OTL1EBTM Strong Biomarker [9]
FHOD3 OT1WUBQX Strong Biomarker [9]
FRMD4A OTJDTIK2 Strong Biomarker [9]
GBA3 OT86XWU2 Strong Biomarker [9]
GPR83 OT7A2FE8 Strong Biomarker [47]
GRIN3A OTQS9GYY Strong Altered Expression [48]
HOMER1 OTWFD3SI Strong Biomarker [49]
HSPA12A OTFOCDD6 Strong Biomarker [9]
JTB OT314JB6 Strong Genetic Variation [50]
KLF12 OTVH4KD4 Strong Biomarker [9]
LDLRAD3 OTYAKC55 Strong Biomarker [9]
LIMCH1 OTYPC4XA Strong Biomarker [9]
LIN7C OTB3015O Strong Genetic Variation [51]
LRMDA OTIPNKTU Strong Biomarker [9]
MACROD2 OTNQCHC6 Strong Biomarker [9]
MAGED1 OT6EOLFC Strong Biomarker [52]
MARCHF11 OTODNSYN Strong Genetic Variation [53]
MPC1 OT6DYFUO Strong Biomarker [9]
MPP7 OT3G3HTZ Strong Biomarker [9]
MYO5C OTKLOCWZ Strong Biomarker [9]
MYO6 OTJQYRC7 Strong Biomarker [9]
NME7 OTYMBK3Q Strong Biomarker [9]
NPAS2 OTMRT2TS Strong Biomarker [54]
NRCAM OT80HHQ2 Strong Genetic Variation [55]
NRXN3 OTJ0I7HJ Strong Biomarker [9]
OR51E1 OTB7Q65H Strong Biomarker [9]
OXR1 OTPIDMT3 Strong Biomarker [21]
PACS1 OT9TMQL3 Strong Biomarker [9]
PARVA OTLKEWRY Strong Biomarker [9]
PBX1 OTORABGO Strong Biomarker [9]
PCDH15 OTU9C2EH Strong Biomarker [9]
PCSK1N OT7ZRW2F Strong Biomarker [47]
PDYN OTEJ6430 Strong Biomarker [3]
PER2 OTU2B1DJ Strong Biomarker [56]
PIWIL1 OT7CRGZ3 Strong Biomarker [9]
PMAIP1 OTXEE550 Strong Biomarker [9]
PNOC OTJEAADN Strong Biomarker [25]
POLR1D OTOCZQNA Strong Biomarker [9]
PPP1R1B OTSIJMQ9 Strong Biomarker [57]
PRPF4 OTK0XRQN Strong Biomarker [9]
PUM3 OTN1IPNS Strong Biomarker [47]
QSOX1 OT4ZPK4P Strong Biomarker [9]
RAD51B OTCJVRMY Strong Biomarker [9]
RASGRF2 OT67DAGF Strong Biomarker [58]
RHBDD3 OTJ3OLC8 Strong Biomarker [9]
RTL6 OT9LG762 Strong Biomarker [9]
SAMD4A OT4MKCC8 Strong Biomarker [9]
SEMA6D OTU0UAZS Strong Biomarker [9]
SYNE1 OTSBSLUH Strong Biomarker [9]
TBP OT6C0S52 Strong Biomarker [59]
TENM2 OTPLUYEF Strong Biomarker [9]
THSD4 OTXDBMDC Strong Biomarker [9]
TIAM2 OTPYIPT6 Strong Biomarker [9]
TMPRSS7 OTW938I4 Strong Biomarker [9]
TSPAN33 OTH6C0WU Strong Biomarker [47]
TTC21B OTXXA87U Strong Biomarker [9]
C1QL1 OTNQ0G3E Definitive Biomarker [60]
HTN1 OTH3W1RR Definitive Genetic Variation [35]
MDH2 OT7364GY Definitive Genetic Variation [61]
OR2AG1 OTEITRP4 Definitive Biomarker [37]
TINAGL1 OTZZO56M Definitive Genetic Variation [35]
TTC12 OTDB24YV Definitive Genetic Variation [62]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 101 DOT(s)

References

1 Varenicline FDA Label
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16 Dopamine receptor D4 promoter hypermethylation increases the risk of drug addiction.Exp Ther Med. 2018 Feb;15(2):2128-2133. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.5615. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
17 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes and nicotine dependence: evidence for association from a case-control study.Addiction. 2008 Jun;103(6):1027-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02236.x.
18 Downregulation of mGluR2/3 receptors during morphine withdrawal in rats impairs mGluR2/3- and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens.Neurosci Lett. 2019 Jan 18;690:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.018. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
19 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 is associated with heroin dependence but not depression or schizophrenia in a Chinese population.PLoS One. 2014 Jan 31;9(1):e87247. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087247. eCollection 2014.
20 Test for association of common variants in GRM7 with alcohol consumption.Alcohol. 2016 Sep;55:43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.10.005. Epub 2016 Aug 31.
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26 Nociceptin /Orphanin FQ Peptide (NOP) Receptor Modulators: An Update in Structure-Activity Relationships.Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(20):2353-2384. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666180111095458.
27 Association of the PLCB1 gene with drug dependence.Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 31;7(1):10110. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10207-2.
28 Minocycline induces the expression of intra-accumbal glutamate transporter-1 in the morphine-dependent rats.Asian J Psychiatr. 2019 Dec;46:70-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.10.007. Epub 2019 Oct 12.
29 Association between gene polymorphisms of SLC22A3 and methamphetamine use disorder.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Oct;30(10):1644-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00215.x.
30 Characterization of serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) polymorphisms and its association with drug dependence in a Jordanian Arab population.Toxicol Ind Health. 2014 Aug;30(7):598-610. doi: 10.1177/0748233712462446. Epub 2012 Oct 2.
31 TAAR1 in Addiction: Looking Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg.Front Pharmacol. 2018 Mar 27;9:279. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00279. eCollection 2018.
32 The Sigma-2 Receptor Selective Agonist Siramesine (Lu 28-179) Decreases Cocaine-Reinforced Pavlovian Learning and Alters Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Input to the Striatum.Front Pharmacol. 2017 Oct 10;8:714. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00714. eCollection 2017.
33 Association of candidate genes with antisocial drug dependence in adolescents.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Jul 1;96(1-2):90-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.004. Epub 2008 Apr 1.
34 Genetics of dopamine receptors and drug addiction: a comprehensive review.Behav Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;20(1):1-17. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e3283242f05.
35 Strong association of the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) with alcohol dependence and alcohol-induced medical diseases.Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Sep 15;70(6):504-12. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.024. Epub 2011 Apr 17.
36 Associations of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B gene (HTR1B) with alcohol, cocaine, and heroin abuse.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2013 Mar;162B(2):169-76. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32128. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
37 Functional genetic variants that increase synaptic serotonin and 5-HT3 receptor sensitivity predict alcohol and drug dependence.Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;16(11):1139-46. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.94. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
38 Reduced synaptic density and deficient locomotor response in neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin 2a mutant zebrafish.FASEB J. 2015 Apr;29(4):1220-34. doi: 10.1096/fj.14-258350. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
39 Association of PTPRB gene polymorphism with drug addiction.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008 Oct 5;147B(7):1167-72. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30742.
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52 Deletion of Maged1 in mice abolishes locomotor and reinforcing effects of cocaine.EMBO Rep. 2018 Sep;19(9):e45089. doi: 10.15252/embr.201745089. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
53 The levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in methamphetamine dependence.Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Apr;96(16):e6631. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006631.
54 Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of Nucleus Accumbens Synaptic Plasticity and Cocaine Reward Sensitivity by the Circadian Protein, NPAS2.J Neurosci. 2019 Jun 12;39(24):4657-4667. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2233-18.2019. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
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58 The Inhibition of RasGRF2, But Not RasGRF1, Alters Cocaine Reward in Mice.J Neurosci. 2019 Aug 7;39(32):6325-6338. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1120-18.2019. Epub 2019 Jun 10.
59 Modeling the Function of TATA Box Binding Protein in Transcriptional Changes Induced by HIV-1 Tat in Innate Immune Cells and the Effect of Methamphetamine Exposure.Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 4;9:3110. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03110. eCollection 2018.
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61 Functional interactions between endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems: focus on alcohol, genetics and drug-addicted behaviors.Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Apr;11(4):406-28. doi: 10.2174/138945010790980312.
62 Haplotypic variants in DRD2, ANKK1, TTC12, and NCAM1 are associated with comorbid alcohol and drug dependence.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Dec;32(12):2117-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00800.x. Epub 2008 Sep 30.