General Information of Disease (ID: DISIZUF7)

Disease Name Hydrocephalus
Synonyms hydrocephalus, nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive; hydrocephalus, X-linked
Disease Class 8D64: Hydrocephalus
Definition A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.
Disease Hierarchy
DIS6ZC3X: Brain disease
DISIZUF7: Hydrocephalus
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 8D64
Expand ICD-11
9C61
Expand ICD-10
H40,H41,H42
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0001150
MESH ID
D006849
UMLS CUI
C0020255
MedGen ID
9335
HPO ID
HP:0000238
SNOMED CT ID
230745008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Isosorbide Mononitrate DMYLMU0 Approved Small molecular drug [1]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 17 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
L1CAM TTC9D3K Limited Biomarker [2]
STK36 TTX5KEQ Limited Biomarker [3]
UGCG TTPHEX3 Limited Biomarker [4]
AQP1 TTSF1KH Strong Altered Expression [5]
CDCA8 TT04YCM Strong Genetic Variation [6]
CEP290 TT3XBOV Strong Biomarker [7]
COL18A1 TT63DI9 Strong Biomarker [8]
CSF1R TT7MRDV Strong Genetic Variation [9]
FLNA TTSTRZY Strong Genetic Variation [10]
HMGB1 TTWQYB7 Strong Biomarker [11]
HSPD1 TT9HL5R Strong Biomarker [12]
ITGB1 TTBVIQC Strong Biomarker [13]
MYH2 TTBIL13 Strong Biomarker [14]
PPARA TTJ584C Strong Biomarker [12]
RNF34 TTEWDK1 Strong Biomarker [15]
SPAG6 TTDAKTW Strong Biomarker [16]
SLC52A2 TT6TKEN Definitive Biomarker [17]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 17 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 2 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC20A2 DTFD4VB Strong Altered Expression [18]
SLC4A10 DT7RYVF Strong Biomarker [19]
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This Disease Is Related to 3 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
GCLC DESYL1F Limited Biomarker [4]
NMNAT2 DE2HB58 moderate Biomarker [20]
GLDC DEIN8FB Strong Biomarker [21]
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This Disease Is Related to 86 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
AQP4 OTA9MYD5 Limited Altered Expression [5]
CCDC39 OTXRCVUD Limited Genetic Variation [22]
ENOPH1 OTKXMWNN Limited Genetic Variation [23]
NAPA OTG1BGGO Limited Genetic Variation [24]
B3GALNT2 OTOF6O2B Disputed Genetic Variation [25]
CCNO OT68CH0B Disputed Genetic Variation [26]
NFIA OTDHQ9CG Disputed Biomarker [27]
NFIB OTX94PD0 Disputed Biomarker [27]
NFIX OT1DPZAE Disputed Biomarker [27]
AP1S2 OTZHJFYI moderate Genetic Variation [28]
B4GALT1 OTBCXEK7 moderate Biomarker [29]
CCDC88C OTIU02BS moderate Biomarker [30]
FANCB OTMZTXB5 moderate Genetic Variation [31]
POMGNT1 OTBNOUZC moderate Genetic Variation [32]
POMGNT2 OT0S9Z0J moderate Biomarker [33]
ACSM3 OT0AE1IV Strong Biomarker [34]
ADAMTS20 OTU0EKLN Strong Genetic Variation [35]
ADAMTS9 OTV3Q0DS Strong Biomarker [36]
ADD1 OTTF68DC Strong Biomarker [37]
AK7 OTASZDJN Strong Biomarker [3]
AK8 OT2UF6YM Strong Biomarker [3]
ARX OTBGYH25 Strong Genetic Variation [38]
B3GLCT OTXH6KOQ Strong Genetic Variation [35]
BBS9 OT23V9YF Strong Biomarker [39]
BOK OTDQPDIX Strong Biomarker [12]
BUB1B OT8KME51 Strong Biomarker [40]
CC2D2A OTFGRGFR Strong Biomarker [41]
CCDC28B OT1HFHN2 Strong Biomarker [42]
CCDC85C OT1AOJCS Strong Biomarker [43]
CCND2 OTDULQF9 Strong Biomarker [44]
CELSR2 OTON6JSZ Strong Biomarker [3]
CETN2 OTJTTGS0 Strong Biomarker [45]
CFAP52 OTSSXF56 Strong Biomarker [46]
CNTNAP1 OT5Y03EU Strong Genetic Variation [47]
COX6B1 OTNKXYQI Strong Genetic Variation [48]
CRB2 OTG0L2CE Strong Biomarker [49]
CRPPA OTC85K8Q Strong Biomarker [50]
DLG5 OTU9Z17K Strong Biomarker [51]
DNAAF3 OT3OHO0O Strong Biomarker [52]
DNAH5 OTC21RUS Strong Biomarker [53]
DNAI1 OTF6C65Q Strong Biomarker [53]
DPCD OTVU4B6B Strong Biomarker [3]
E2F5 OT1XWING Strong Biomarker [54]
ECI1 OTRQTK84 Strong Genetic Variation [55]
ENDOU OTB7OF7Y Strong Genetic Variation [56]
EXOSC6 OTAC10N6 Strong Genetic Variation [56]
EYA1 OTHU807A Strong Genetic Variation [6]
FANCC OTTIDM3P Strong Genetic Variation [57]
FOXJ1 OT7LLBZ7 Strong Genetic Variation [58]
FUZ OTC427QQ Strong Genetic Variation [59]
FZD3 OTIWDN78 Strong Genetic Variation [60]
GPC4 OTUJ14DW Strong Genetic Variation [61]
HYDIN OTY88F5F Strong Genetic Variation [62]
IFT122 OTSK3OAD Strong Biomarker [63]
ISLR2 OTUJZIDC Strong Biomarker [64]
KIF27 OTV70I2Q Strong Biomarker [3]
MBOAT7 OTHRCBLK Strong Biomarker [3]
MPDZ OT9WY1QM Strong Biomarker [65]
NDC80 OTS7D306 Strong Biomarker [66]
NEO1 OTGJ1997 Strong Genetic Variation [67]
NME5 OTE8OLFN Strong Biomarker [68]
NME7 OTYMBK3Q Strong Biomarker [3]
OFD1 OTAZW5TK Strong Biomarker [69]
PAK3 OT80M3BV Strong Genetic Variation [70]
PCBD1 OTDSRUD5 Strong Biomarker [53]
PCM1 OTFM133C Strong Genetic Variation [71]
PKD2 OTIXBU8H Strong Biomarker [72]
POMK OT36HLDO Strong Genetic Variation [73]
POMT1 OTGQSHL5 Strong Genetic Variation [74]
PRDM16 OT0BGA27 Strong Genetic Variation [75]
RHOF OTPA3F8Q Strong Biomarker [15]
RND3 OTXMXPIH Strong Biomarker [76]
RUVBL1 OTWV19L7 Strong Genetic Variation [77]
SFTA2 OTVRIUIV Strong Altered Expression [78]
SFTPA2 OT6SFOMU Strong Biomarker [79]
SFTPC OTIZJD09 Strong Biomarker [79]
SIN3A OTM8OZWV Strong Biomarker [80]
SMARCB1 OT2LP7LJ Strong Genetic Variation [81]
SNX27 OTVPS7S0 Strong Biomarker [82]
TCHH OT4J7EFT Strong Biomarker [83]
TMEM67 OTME92T5 Strong Genetic Variation [84]
TSC2 OT47LWI9 Strong Biomarker [85]
TTC8 OTBGDZBD Strong Biomarker [86]
DNAH3 OTD2JOKM Definitive Biomarker [87]
MINDY4 OTBZ2SZB Definitive Biomarker [88]
SPEF2 OTO04K1T Definitive Biomarker [89]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 86 DOT(s)

References

1 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
2 A new frameshift mutation in L1CAM producing X-linked hydrocephalus.Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2020 Jan;8(1):e1031. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1031. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
3 Congenital hydrocephalus in genetically engineered mice.Vet Pathol. 2012 Jan;49(1):166-81. doi: 10.1177/0300985811415708. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
4 Influence of Admission Blood Glucose in Predicting Outcome in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma.Front Neurol. 2018 Aug 28;9:725. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00725. eCollection 2018.
5 The dynamic expression of aquaporins 1 and 4 in rats with hydrocephalus induced by subarachnoid haemorrhage.Folia Neuropathol. 2019;57(2):182-195. doi: 10.5114/fn.2019.86296.
6 A proposed new contiguous gene syndrome on 8q consists of Branchio-Oto-Renal (BOR) syndrome, Duane syndrome, a dominant form of hydrocephalus and trapeze aplasia; implications for the mapping of the BOR gene.Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1859-66. doi: 10.1093/hmg/3.10.1859.
7 CEP290 alleles in mice disrupt tissue-specific cilia biogenesis and recapitulate features of syndromic ciliopathies.Hum Mol Genet. 2015 Jul 1;24(13):3775-91. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv123. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
8 Physiological role of collagen XVIII and endostatin.FASEB J. 2005 May;19(7):716-28. doi: 10.1096/fj.04-2134rev.
9 A novel CSF-1R mutation in a family with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids misdiagnosed as hydrocephalus.Neurogenetics. 2019 Aug;20(3):155-160. doi: 10.1007/s10048-019-00579-0. Epub 2019 May 16.
10 Etiological heterogeneity of familial periventricular heterotopia and hydrocephalus.Brain Dev. 2004 Aug;26(5):326-34. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2003.09.004.
11 Expression analysis of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the congenital hydrocephalus (H-Tx) rat.Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2012;113:91-6. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0923-6_19.
12 Differential expression of stress response genes in the H-Tx rat model of congenital hydrocephalus.Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2005 Aug 18;138(2):273-90. doi: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.05.002.
13 Intraventricular injection of antibodies to beta1-integrins generates pressure gradients in the brain favoring hydrocephalus development in rats.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Nov;297(5):R1312-21. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00307.2009. Epub 2009 Sep 2.
14 Loss of cell adhesion causes hydrocephalus in nonmuscle myosin II-B-ablated and mutated mice.Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Jun;18(6):2305-12. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e07-01-0073. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
15 The Utility of CSF Xpert MTB/RIF in Diagnosis of Tubercular Meningitis in Children.Indian J Pediatr. 2019 Dec;86(12):1089-1093. doi: 10.1007/s12098-019-03032-0. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
16 Biosynthesis of Wdr16, a marker protein for kinocilia-bearing cells, starts at the time of kinocilia formation in rat, and wdr16 gene knockdown causes hydrocephalus in zebrafish.J Neurochem. 2007 Apr;101(1):274-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04500.x.
17 Thrombin disrupts vascular endothelial-cadherin and leads to hydrocephalus via protease-activated receptors-1 pathway.CNS Neurosci Ther. 2019 Oct;25(10):1142-1150. doi: 10.1111/cns.13129. Epub 2019 Apr 7.
18 SLC20A2 Deficiency in Mice Leads to Elevated Phosphate Levels in Cerbrospinal Fluid and Glymphatic Pathway-Associated Arteriolar Calcification, and Recapitulates Human Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification.Brain Pathol. 2017 Jan;27(1):64-76. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12362. Epub 2016 May 6.
19 Targeting Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage-Induced Overexpression of Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Exchanger Reduces Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Formation in Neonatal Rats.J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jan 31;7(3):e007192. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007192.
20 Severe biallelic loss-of-function mutations in nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) in two fetuses with fetal akinesia deformation sequence.Exp Neurol. 2019 Oct;320:112961. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112961. Epub 2019 May 25.
21 Impaired folate 1-carbon metabolism causes formate-preventable hydrocephalus in glycine decarboxylase-deficient mice.J Clin Invest. 2020 Mar 2;130(3):1446-1452. doi: 10.1172/JCI132360.
22 A mutation in Ccdc39 causes neonatal hydrocephalus with abnormal motile cilia development in mice.Development. 2018 Jan 9;145(1):dev154500. doi: 10.1242/dev.154500.
23 A novel L1CAM mutation with L1 spectrum disorders.Prenat Diagn. 2005 Jan;25(1):57-9. doi: 10.1002/pd.978.
24 Pleiotropic effects of alpha-SNAP M105I mutation on oocyte biology: ultrastructural and cellular changes that adversely affect female fertility in mice.Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 22;9(1):17374. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53574-8.
25 Genotyping of friesian horses to detect a hydrocephalus-associated c.1423C>T mutation in B3GALNT2 using PCR-RFLP and PCR-PIRA methods: Frequency in stallion horses in Mxico.Mol Cell Probes. 2017 Apr;32:69-71. doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
26 Constitutive Cyclin O deficiency results in penetrant hydrocephalus, impaired growth and infertility.Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 12;8(59):99261-99273. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.21818. eCollection 2017 Nov 21.
27 Nuclear factor I X deficiency causes brain malformation and severe skeletal defects. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 May;27(10):3855-3867. doi: 10.1128/MCB.02293-06.
28 Mutations in the AP1S2 gene encoding the sigma 2 subunit of the adaptor protein 1 complex are associated with syndromic X-linked mental retardation with hydrocephalus and calcifications in basal ganglia. J Med Genet. 2007 Nov;44(11):739-44. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.051334. Epub 2007 Jul 6.
29 Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId. J Clin Invest. 2002 Mar;109(6):725-33. doi: 10.1172/JCI14010.
30 Bi-allelic mutations of CCDC88C are a rare cause of severe congenital hydrocephalus.Am J Med Genet A. 2018 Mar;176(3):676-681. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38592. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
31 X-linked VACTERL with hydrocephalus syndrome: further delineation of the phenotype caused by FANCB mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 2011 Oct;155A(10):2370-80. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33913. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
32 Worldwide distribution and broader clinical spectrum of muscle-eye-brain disease. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Mar 1;12(5):527-34. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddg043.
33 Exome sequencing and functional validation in zebrafish identify GTDC2 mutations as a cause of Walker-Warburg syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Sep 7;91(3):541-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.009.
34 Validation of a Predictive Scoring System for Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.World Neurosurg. 2018 Jan;109:e210-e216. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.140. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
35 ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 are differentially affected by loss of B3GLCT in mouse model of Peters plus syndrome.Hum Mol Genet. 2019 Dec 15;28(24):4053-4066. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddz225.
36 Mutations of ADAMTS9 Cause Nephronophthisis-Related Ciliopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2019 Jan 3;104(1):45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.003.
37 Targeted deletion of alpha-adducin results in absent beta- and gamma-adducin, compensated hemolytic anemia, and lethal hydrocephalus in mice.Blood. 2008 Nov 15;112(10):4298-307. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-156000. Epub 2008 Aug 22.
38 [ARX--one gene--many phenotypes].Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2008 Jul-Aug;42(4):338-44.
39 Knockdown of Bardet-Biedl syndrome gene BBS9/PTHB1 leads to cilia defects.PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034389. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
40 Nearly complete deletion of BubR1 causes microcephaly through shortened mitosis and massive cell death.Hum Mol Genet. 2019 Jun 1;28(11):1822-1836. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddz022.
41 Genotype-phenotype correlation in CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome reveals an association with ventriculomegaly and seizures.J Med Genet. 2012 Feb;49(2):126-37. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100552.
42 Characterization of CCDC28B reveals its role in ciliogenesis and provides insight to understand its modifier effect on Bardet-Biedl syndrome.Hum Genet. 2013 Jan;132(1):91-105. doi: 10.1007/s00439-012-1228-5. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
43 Pathological characteristics of Ccdc85c knockout rats: a rat model of genetic hydrocephalus.Exp Anim. 2020 Jan 29;69(1):26-33. doi: 10.1538/expanim.19-0005. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
44 A Novel CCND2 Mutation in a Previously Reported Case of Megalencephaly and Perisylvian Polymicrogyria with Postaxial Polydactyly and Hydrocephalus.Neuropediatrics. 2018 Jun;49(3):222-224. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1641722. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
45 Centrin 2 is required for mouse olfactory ciliary trafficking and development of ependymal cilia planar polarity.J Neurosci. 2014 Apr 30;34(18):6377-88. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0067-14.2014.
46 A human laterality disorder associated with a homozygous WDR16 deletion. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Sep;23(9):1262-5. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.265. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
47 Novel mutation in CNTNAP1 results in congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy.Muscle Nerve. 2017 May;55(5):761-765. doi: 10.1002/mus.25416. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
48 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, caused by mutated COX6B1, is associated with encephalomyopathy, hydrocephalus and cardiomyopathy.Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Feb;23(2):159-64. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.85. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
49 Expansion of phenotype and genotypic data in CRB2-related syndrome.Eur J Hum Genet. 2016 Oct;24(10):1436-44. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.24. Epub 2016 Mar 23.
50 Mutations in ISPD cause Walker-Warburg syndrome and defective glycosylation of -dystroglycan.Nat Genet. 2012 May;44(5):581-5. doi: 10.1038/ng.2253.
51 Failure of epithelial tube maintenance causes hydrocephalus and renal cysts in Dlg5-/- mice.Dev Cell. 2007 Sep;13(3):338-50. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.07.017.
52 Mutations in axonemal dynein assembly factor DNAAF3 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Nat Genet. 2012 Mar 4;44(4):381-9, S1-2. doi: 10.1038/ng.1106.
53 Cilia-related diseases.J Pathol. 2004 Nov;204(4):470-7. doi: 10.1002/path.1652.
54 A specific, nonproliferative role for E2F-5 in choroid plexus function revealed by gene targeting.Genes Dev. 1998 Apr 15;12(8):1092-8. doi: 10.1101/gad.12.8.1092.
55 Incidence and impact of sepsis on long-term outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective observational study.Ann Intensive Care. 2019 Aug 20;9(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s13613-019-0562-3.
56 Impaired neural differentiation and glymphatic CSF flow in the Ccdc39 rat model of neonatal hydrocephalus: genetic interaction with L1cam.Dis Model Mech. 2019 Nov 21;12(11):dmm040972. doi: 10.1242/dmm.040972.
57 VACTERL with hydrocephalus in twins due to Fanconi anemia (FA): mutation in the FAC gene.Am J Med Genet. 1997 Jan 10;68(1):86-90.
58 De Novo Mutations in FOXJ1 Result in a Motile Ciliopathy with Hydrocephalus and Randomization of Left/Right Body Asymmetry. Am J Hum Genet. 2019 Nov 7;105(5):1030-1039. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.022. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
59 "Isolated" hydrocephalus in families of spina bifida and anencephaly: a coincidence?.Neuropediatrics. 1989 Nov;20(4):220-2. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1071297.
60 Impaired methylation modifications of FZD3 alter chromatin accessibility and are involved in congenital hydrocephalus pathogenesis.Brain Res. 2014 Jun 20;1569:48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.010. Epub 2014 May 2.
61 Glypican 3 and glypican 4 are juxtaposed in Xq26.1.Gene. 1998 Dec 28;225(1-2):9-16. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00549-6.
62 Alternative variants of human HYDIN are novel cancer-associated antigens recognized by adaptive immunity.Cancer Immunol Res. 2013 Sep;1(3):190-200. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-13-0079. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
63 Cranioectodermal Dysplasia, Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a ciliopathy caused by mutations in the IFT122 gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Jun 11;86(6):949-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.012. Epub 2010 May 20.
64 Essential Role of Linx/Islr2 in the Development of the Forebrain Anterior Commissure.Sci Rep. 2018 May 8;8(1):7292. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24064-0.
65 Murine MPDZ-linked hydrocephalus is caused by hyperpermeability of the choroid plexus.EMBO Mol Med. 2019 Jan;11(1):e9540. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201809540.
66 New syndrome of hydrocephalus, endocardial fibroelastosis, and cataracts (HEC syndrome).Am J Med Genet. 1995 Mar 13;56(1):62-6. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320560114.
67 Neogenin Recruitment of the WAVE Regulatory Complex to Ependymal and Radial Progenitor Adherens Junctions Prevents Hydrocephalus.Cell Rep. 2017 Jul 11;20(2):370-383. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.051.
68 NME5 frameshift variant in Alaskan Malamutes with primary ciliary dyskinesia.PLoS Genet. 2019 Sep 3;15(9):e1008378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008378. eCollection 2019 Sep.
69 Convergent extension movements and ciliary function are mediated by ofd1, a zebrafish orthologue of the human oral-facial-digital type 1 syndrome gene.Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Jan 15;18(2):289-303. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn356. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
70 PAK3 mutations responsible for severe intellectual disability and callosal agenesis inhibit cell migration.Neurobiol Dis. 2020 Mar;136:104709. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104709. Epub 2019 Dec 14.
71 Ciliogenesis is regulated by a huntingtin-HAP1-PCM1 pathway and is altered in Huntington disease.J Clin Invest. 2011 Nov;121(11):4372-82. doi: 10.1172/JCI57552. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
72 Alcohol consumption impairs the ependymal cilia motility in the brain ventricles.Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 20;7(1):13652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13947-3.
73 Pathogenic homozygous variant in POMK gene is the cause of prenatally detected severe ventriculomegaly in two Lithuanian families.Am J Med Genet A. 2020 Mar;182(3):536-542. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61453. Epub 2019 Dec 12.
74 Clinical long-time course, novel mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in a cohort of 27 families with POMT1-related disorders.Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2019 Jul 16;14(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1119-0.
75 Prdm16 is required for the maintenance of neural stem cells in the postnatal forebrain and their differentiation into ependymal cells.Genes Dev. 2017 Jun 1;31(11):1134-1146. doi: 10.1101/gad.291773.116. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
76 Genetic deletion of Rnd3 results in aqueductal stenosis leading to hydrocephalus through up-regulation of Notch signaling.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 May 14;110(20):8236-41. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1219995110. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
77 Targeted deletion of the AAA-ATPase Ruvbl1 in mice disrupts ciliary integrity and causes renal disease and hydrocephalus.Exp Mol Med. 2018 Jun 28;50(6):1-17. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0108-z.
78 Localization, Occurrence, and CSF Changes of SP-G, a New Surface Active Protein with Assumable Immunoregulatory Functions in the CNS.Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Apr;56(4):2433-2439. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1247-x. Epub 2018 Jul 21.
79 Rheologically Essential Surfactant Proteins of the CSF Interacting with Periventricular White Matter Changes in Hydrocephalus Patients - Implications for CSF Dynamics and the Glymphatic System.Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Nov;56(11):7863-7871. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-01648-z. Epub 2019 May 24.
80 Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity. Nat Genet. 2016 Aug;48(8):877-87. doi: 10.1038/ng.3619. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
81 A recurrent de novo missense pathogenic variant in SMARCB1 causes severe intellectual disability and choroid plexus hyperplasia with resultant hydrocephalus.Genet Med. 2019 Mar;21(3):572-579. doi: 10.1038/s41436-018-0079-4. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
82 SNX27 Deletion Causes Hydrocephalus by Impairing Ependymal Cell Differentiation and Ciliogenesis.J Neurosci. 2016 Dec 14;36(50):12586-12597. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1620-16.2016.
83 Endoscopic ventriculo-cisterno-ventricular approach in the treatment of bilateral trapped temporal horn related to fungal infection in a child: case report and review of the literature.Childs Nerv Syst. 2018 Aug;34(8):1593-1597. doi: 10.1007/s00381-018-3776-z. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
84 Hydrocephalus in a rat model of Meckel Gruber syndrome with a TMEM67 mutation.Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 31;9(1):1069. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37620-5.
85 Initial experience with endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator in purely neuroendoscopic removal of intraventricular tumors.J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017 Mar;19(3):325-332. doi: 10.3171/2016.10.PEDS16352. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
86 Absence of BBSome function leads to astrocyte reactivity in the brain.Mol Brain. 2019 May 9;12(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s13041-019-0466-z.
87 Dysfunction of axonemal dynein heavy chain Mdnah5 inhibits ependymal flow and reveals a novel mechanism for hydrocephalus formation.Hum Mol Genet. 2004 Sep 15;13(18):2133-41. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddh219. Epub 2004 Jul 21.
88 Combined effects of aquaporin-4 and hypoxia produce age-related hydrocephalus.Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2018 Oct;1864(10):3515-3526. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.006. Epub 2018 Aug 8.
89 Cilia-related protein SPEF2 regulates osteoblast differentiation.Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 16;8(1):859. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19204-5.