General Information of Drug (ID: DM8RZ9H)

Drug Name
Eszopiclone
Synonyms
Esopiclone; Estorra; Lunesta; Lunivia; Estorra (TN); Eszopiclone [USAN:INN]; KS-1055; SEP-0227018; SEP-0227108; SEP-190; SEP-225441; Eszopiclone (JAN/USAN/INN); [(7S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-yl] 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; (+)-(5S)-6-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; (5S)-6-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; (5S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-5H,6H,7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; (5S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; (S)-Zopiclone; (plus)-Zopiclone; 1-Piperazinecarboxylic acid, 4-methyl-, (5S)-6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl ester
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 388.8
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 0.5
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 7
ADMET Property
Absorption AUC
The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 278 mcgh/L [3]
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 1 h [3]
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [4]
Clearance
The clearance of drug is 184 mL/min in one pharmacokinetic study [3]
Elimination
Only about 10% of an eszopiclone dose is found excreted in the urine as the parent drug [5]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 6.1 hours [3]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.1102 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 89.9 L [7]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C17H17ClN6O3
IUPAC Name
[(7S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-yl] 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate
Canonical SMILES
CN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)O[C@H]2C3=NC=CN=C3C(=O)N2C4=NC=C(C=C4)Cl
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H17ClN6O3/c1-22-6-8-23(9-7-22)17(26)27-16-14-13(19-4-5-20-14)15(25)24(16)12-3-2-11(18)10-21-12/h2-5,10,16H,6-9H2,1H3/t16-/m0/s1
InChIKey
GBBSUAFBMRNDJC-INIZCTEOSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
969472
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:53760
CAS Number
138729-47-2
DrugBank ID
DB00402
TTD ID
D06ZII
INTEDE ID
DR0652
ACDINA ID
D00250

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Translocator protein (TSPO) TTPTXIN TSPO_HUMAN Agonist [8], [9]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Main DME
DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)
Main DME
DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)
Main DME
DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Eszopiclone
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Amobarbital DM0GQ8N Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Amobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [43]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Eszopiclone (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Ivosidenib DM8S6T7 Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Ivosidenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [43]
Arn-509 DMT81LZ Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Arn-509 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [43]
Oliceridine DM6MDCF Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Oliceridine. Acute pain [MG31] [44]
Mitotane DMU1GX0 Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Mitotane mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Adrenal cancer [2D11] [43]
Dronedarone DMA8FS5 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Dronedarone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Angina pectoris [BA40] [45]
Methylphenobarbital DMDSWAG Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Methylphenobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [46]
Voriconazole DMAOL2S Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Voriconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Aspergillosis [1F20] [45]
Posaconazole DMUL5EW Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Posaconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Aspergillosis [1F20] [45]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Ciprofloxacin XR mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [45]
Dalfopristin DM4LTKV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Dalfopristin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [47]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Clarithromycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [45]
Chloramphenicol DMFXEWT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Chloramphenicol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [45]
Troleandomycin DMUZNIG Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Troleandomycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [45]
Telithromycin DMZ4P3A Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Telithromycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [45]
Pexidartinib DMS2J0Z Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Pexidartinib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B] [43]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Lapatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [48]
Tucatinib DMBESUA Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Tucatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [45]
Secobarbital DM14RF5 Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Secobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Chronic insomnia [7A00] [43]
Phenylbutazone DMAYL0T Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Phenylbutazone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Chronic pain [MG30] [43]
Dihydrocodeine DMB0FWL Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Dihydrocodeine. Chronic pain [MG30] [49]
Olopatadine DMKMWQG Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Olopatadine. Conjunctiva disorder [9A60] [50]
Propofol DMB4OLE Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Propofol. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [51]
Alfentanil DMVO0UB Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Alfentanil. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [44]
Remifentanil DMZTXCH Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Remifentanil. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [44]
Mifepristone DMGZQEF Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Mifepristone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [52]
Ivacaftor DMZC1HS Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Ivacaftor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cystic fibrosis [CA25] [53]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Ethanol. Cystitis [GC00] [50]
MK-8228 DMOB58Q Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by MK-8228 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82] [45]
Aprepitant DM053KT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Aprepitant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [45]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Nefazodone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [45]
Esketamine DMVU687 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Esketamine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [52]
Primidone DM0WX6I Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Primidone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Felbamate DM1V5ZS Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Felbamate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Oxcarbazepine DM5PU6O Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Oxcarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Cenobamate DMGOVHA Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Cenobamate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Stiripentol DMMSDOY Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Stiripentol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [45]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Fosphenytoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Rufinamide DMWE60C Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Rufinamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Phenobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Carbamazepine DMZOLBI Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Carbamazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Eslicarbazepine DMZREFQ Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Eslicarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [43]
Tazemetostat DMWP1BH Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Tazemetostat mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Follicular lymphoma [2A80] [43]
Itraconazole DMCR1MV Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Itraconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [45]
Miconazole DMPMYE8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Miconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [45]
Ketoconazole DMPZI3Q Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Ketoconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [45]
Brimonidine DMQLT4N Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Brimonidine. Glaucoma [9C61] [54]
Sulfinpyrazone DMEV954 Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Sulfinpyrazone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Gout [FA25] [43]
Boceprevir DMBSHMF Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Boceprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [45]
Telaprevir DMMRV29 Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Telaprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [45]
Rifampin DMA8J1G Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Rifampin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [46]
Rifapentine DMCHV4I Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Rifapentine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [43]
Delavirdine DM3NF5G Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Delavirdine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Fosamprenavir DM4W9B3 Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Fosamprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Cobicistat DM6L4H2 Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Cobicistat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Efavirenz DMC0GSJ Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Efavirenz mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [43]
Saquinavir DMG814N Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Saquinavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Etravirine DMGV8QU Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Etravirine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [55]
Amprenavir DMLMXE0 Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Amprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Darunavir DMN3GCH Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Darunavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Atazanavir DMSYRBX Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Atazanavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Ritonavir DMU764S Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Ritonavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [45]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Verapamil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [45]
Conivaptan DM1V329 Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Conivaptan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72] [45]
Berotralstat DMWA2DZ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Berotralstat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Innate/adaptive immunodeficiency [4A00] [45]
Crizotinib DM4F29C Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Crizotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [45]
Brigatinib DM7W94S Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Brigatinib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [56]
Ceritinib DMB920Z Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Ceritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [45]
PF-06463922 DMKM7EW Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by PF-06463922 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [43]
Selpercatinib DMZR15V Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Selpercatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [57]
IPI-145 DMWA24P Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by IPI-145 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [45]
Vemurafenib DM62UG5 Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Vemurafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [43]
Dabrafenib DMX6OE3 Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Dabrafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [43]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Allopregnanolone. Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z] [58]
Exjade DMHPRWG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Exjade mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64] [59]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Flibanserin. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [60]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Thalidomide. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [61]
Rifabutin DM1YBHK Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Rifabutin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Mycobacterium infection [1B10-1B21] [43]
Fedratinib DM4ZBK6 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [45]
Nilotinib DM7HXWT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Nilotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [62]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Imatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [45]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Dasatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [63]
Modafinil DMYILBE Minor Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Modafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Narcolepsy [7A20] [64]
Netupitant DMEKAYI Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Netupitant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [47]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Levomethadyl Acetate. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [49]
Apraclonidine DMO4PVE Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Apraclonidine. Optic nerve disorder [9C40] [54]
Rucaparib DM9PVX8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [65]
Pentazocine DM1XBHS Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Pentazocine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Dextropropoxyphene DM23HCX Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Dextropropoxyphene. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [66]
Butorphanol DM5KYPJ Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Butorphanol. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Oxymorphone DM65AGJ Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Oxymorphone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Levorphanol DMGS80V Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Levorphanol. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Dezocine DMJDB0Y Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Dezocine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Nalbuphine DMOSQGU Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Nalbuphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Buprenorphine DMPRI8G Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Buprenorphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [67]
Hydrocodone DMQ2JO5 Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Hydrocodone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Meperidine DMX4GND Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Meperidine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Oxycodone DMXLKHV Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Oxycodone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [44]
Abametapir DM2RX0I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pediculosis [1G00] [68]
Lefamulin DME6G97 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Lefamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pneumonia [CA40] [69]
Lonafarnib DMGM2Z6 Major Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Lonafarnib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Premature ageing appearance [LD2B] [45]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Enzalutamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate cancer [2C82] [43]
Bicalutamide DMZMSPF Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Bicalutamide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate cancer [2C82] [45]
Bosentan DMIOGBU Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Bosentan mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Pulmonary hypertension [BB01] [43]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Dexamethasone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [43]
Nafcillin DMN9RPO Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Nafcillin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [43]
Fentanyl DM8WAHT Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Fentanyl. Sensation disturbance [MB40] [44]
Sufentanil DMU7YEL Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Sufentanil. Sensation disturbance [MB40] [44]
Voxelotor DMCS6M5 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Voxelotor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Sickle-cell disorder [3A51] [45]
Telotristat ethyl DMDIYFZ Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Telotristat ethyl mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Small intestine developmental anomaly [DA90] [57]
Larotrectinib DM26CQR Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [52]
Armodafinil DMGB035 Minor Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Armodafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [64]
LEE011 DMMX75K Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by LEE011 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [45]
Fostamatinib DM6AUHV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Fostamatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [70]
Tizanidine DMR2IQ4 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Eszopiclone and Tizanidine. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [71]
Elagolix DMB2C0E Moderate Increased metabolism of Eszopiclone caused by Elagolix mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Uterine fibroid [2E86] [43]
⏷ Show the Full List of 115 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Brushite E00392 104805 Diluent
Calcium hydrogenphosphate E00294 24441 Diluent
Carmellose sodium E00625 Not Available Disintegrant
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow E00539 23320441 Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 3350 E00652 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 400 E00653 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 6000 E00655 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polysorbate 80 E00665 Not Available Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin E00080 5541 Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
⏷ Show the Full List of 21 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Eszopiclone 1 mg tablet 1 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Eszopiclone 2 mg tablet 2 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Eszopiclone 3 mg tablet 3 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7429).
2 Emerging therapies for fibromyalgia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Mar;13(1):53-62.
3 Pharmacokinetic evaluation of eszopiclone: clinical and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Dec;8(12):1609-18. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.741588. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 FDA Approved Drug Products: Lunesta (eszopiclone) oral tablets
6 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
7 FDA review, Eszopiclone
8 New hypnotics: perspectives from sleep physiology. Vertex. 2007 Jul-Aug;18(74):294-9.
9 Glutamate- and GABA-based CNS therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006 Feb;6(1):7-17.
10 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
11 Eszopiclone, a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agent for the treatment of transient and chronic insomnia. Clin Ther. 2006 Apr;28(4):491-516.
12 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
13 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
14 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
15 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
16 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
17 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
18 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
19 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
20 Chronic ethanol feeding and folate deficiency activate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in micropigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):G54-63.
21 Cytochrome P450 2E1 null mice provide novel protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1687-96.
22 Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9.
23 Acetaminophen induced acute liver failure via oxidative stress and JNK activation: protective role of taurine by the suppression of cytochrome P450 2E1. Free Radic Res. 2010 Mar;44(3):340-55.
24 A study on the metabolism of etoposide and possible interactions with antitumor or supporting agents by human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1294-300.
25 The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
26 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
27 Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):110-2.
28 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 by propofol in human and porcine liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 1;64(7):1151-6.
29 CYP2E1 and clinical features in alcoholics. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;47(2):86-9.
30 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
31 Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
32 Differential expression and function of CYP2C isoforms in human intestine and liver. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Sep;13(9):565-75.
33 Analysis of human cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate specificity using a substrate pharmacophore and site-directed mutants. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 14;43(49):15379-92.
34 Interaction of sorafenib and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I/II pharmacokinetic interaction study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;68(5):1111-8.
35 PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Jan;24(1):73-9.
36 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
37 Translocator protein (18 kDa) mediates the pro-growth effects of diazepam on Ehrlich tumor cells in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Jan 25;626(2-3):131-8.
38 Comparison of five benzodiazepine-receptor agonists on buprenorphine-induced mu-opioid receptor regulation. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 May;110(1):36-46.
39 Effects of the combination of metyrapone and oxazepam on cocaine and food self-administration in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 Nov;91(1):181-9.
40 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
41 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 2879).
42 Effects of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine compounds on the GABA-induced response in frog isolated sensory neurones. Br J Pharmacol. 1989 Nov;98(3):735-40.
43 Product Information. Lunesta (eszopiclone). Sepracor Inc, Marlborough, MA.
44 US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
45 Alderman CP, Gebauer MG, Gilbert AL, Condon JT "Possible interaction of zopiclone and nefazodone." Ann Pharmacother 35 (2001): 1378-80. [PMID: 11724087]
46 Product Information. Diabinese (chlorpropamide). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
47 Becquemont L, Mouajjah S, Escaffre O, Beaune P, Funck-Bretano C, Jaillon P "Cytochrome P-450 3A4 and 2C8 are involved in zopiclone metabolism." Drug Metab Dispos 27 (1999): 1068-73. [PMID: 10460808]
48 Product Information. Tykerb (lapatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
49 US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
50 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
51 Gill SS, Wright EM, Reilly CS "Pharmacokinetic interaction of propofol and fentanyl: single bolus injection study." Br J Anaesth 65 (1990): 760-5. [PMID: 2265045]
52 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
53 Product Information. Kalydeco (ivacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
54 Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
55 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
56 Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
57 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
58 Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
59 Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
60 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
61 Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
62 Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
63 Product Information. Sprycel (dasatinib). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
64 Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
65 EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
66 Hansen BS, Dam M, Brandt J, et al "Influence of dextropropoxyphene on steady state serum levels and protein binding of three anti-epileptic drugs in man." Acta Neurol Scand 61 (1980): 357-67. [PMID: 6998251]
67 Sekar M, Mimpriss TJ "Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and prolonged respiratory depression." Anaesthesia 42 (1987): 567-8. [PMID: 3592200]
68 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
69 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
70 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
71 Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.