General Information of Drug (ID: DMCMDVR)

Drug Name
Triptolide Drug Info
Synonyms
triptolide; 38748-32-2; Triptolid; PG490; UNII-19ALD1S53J; NSC 163062; CHEMBL463763; CHEBI:9747; 19ALD1S53J; C20H24O6; PG-490; CPD000466307; Triptolide, Tripterygium wilfordii; (-)-Triptolide; PG 490; Trisoxireno(4b,5:6,7:8a,9)phenanthro(1,2-c)furan-1(3H)-one, 3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)-, (3bS,4aS,5aS,6R,6aR,7aS,7bS,8aS,8bS)-; SMR000466307; NSC163062; Triptolide, 1; Triptolide(PG490)/; AC1Q6AXN; BSPBio_001595; KBioGR_000315; KBioSS_000315
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Autoimmune diabetes 5A10 Phase 3 [1]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
107985
ChEBI ID
CHEMBL463763
CAS Number
CAS 38748-32-2
TTD Drug ID
DMCMDVR
INTEDE Drug ID
DR1904

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [10]
Laquinimod DM3IWS8 Lupus 4A40 Phase 3 [11]
Edasalonexent DMYVBF6 Duchenne dystrophy 8C70 Phase 3 [12]
MD1003 DMVZ57G Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Phase 3 [12]
Vadimezan DMK7CYX Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 2 [13]
CAT 1004 DMQBP7R Duchenne dystrophy 8C70 Phase 2 [14]
Parthenolide DMCQBFT N. A. N. A. Phase 2 [15]
Recoflavone DMCSR8I Inflammatory bowel disease DD72 Phase 2 [16]
CZEN-002 DMUDMHA Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Phase 2 [17]
XP-23829 DMELUYN Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Phase 2 [18]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [19]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [20]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [21]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [22]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [23]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [24]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [25]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [26]
Prasterone DM67VKL Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [20]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [27]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [28]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [29]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [30]
Glutathione DMAHMT9 Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [31]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [32]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Approved [33]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [34]
Aspirin DM672AH Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [35]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [36]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [37]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [38]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [39]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [40]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [41]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [42]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [42]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Arthritis FA20 Approved [43]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [36]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Chronic pain MG30 Approved [44]
Bortezomib DMNO38U Leukemia Approved [45]
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Drug(s) Affected By Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Glimepiride DM5FSJA Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [46]
Ezetimibe DM7A8TW Atherosclerosis BD40 Approved [47]
Glipizide DMZA5PQ Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [47]
Bosentan DMIOGBU Pulmonary arterial hypertension BB01.0 Approved [48]
Indinavir DM0T3YH Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [46]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [47]
Primidone DM0WX6I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [49]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [46]
Drospirenone DM1A9W3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [50]
Nitrendipine DM21C09 Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [46]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [51]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [52]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [53]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [54]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [55]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [56]
Ribavirin DMEYLH9 Hepatitis C virus infection 1E51.1 Approved [57]
Trametinib DM2JGQ3 Melanoma 2C30 Approved [58]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [59]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [60]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [61]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [62]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [63]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [64]
Epinephrine DM3KJBC Acute asthma CA23 Approved [65]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [66]
Rofecoxib DM3P5DA Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [67]
obeticholic acid DM3Q1SM Primary biliary cholangitis DB96.1 Approved [68]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [69]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [70]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [38]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [71]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [72]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [73]
Citalopram DM2G9AE Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [74]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [75]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [74]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [76]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [77]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [78]
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Drug(s) Affected By Histone H2AX (H2AX)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [79]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [80]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [81]
Ribavirin DMEYLH9 Hepatitis C virus infection 1E51.1 Approved [82]
Etretinate DM2CZFA Keratosis ED56 Approved [83]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [84]
Dactinomycin DM2YGNW Adult kidney Wilms tumor Approved [85]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [86]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [87]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [88]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [89]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [90]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [91]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [92]
Talazoparib DM1KS78 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [93]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [94]
Etretinate DM2CZFA Keratosis ED56 Approved [95]
Prednisone DM2HG4X Acute asthma CA23 Approved [96]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [75]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [97]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [98]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [32]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [99]
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [100]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [101]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [102]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Prostate cancer 2C82.0 Approved [103]
Niclosamide DMJAGXQ Cestodes infection 1F70-1F76 Approved [104]
Temozolomide DMKECZD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [105]
Mebendazole DMO14SG Ascariasis 1F62 Approved [106]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [107]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [39]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [108]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [60]
Cladribine DM3JDRP Hairy cell leukaemia 2A82.2 Approved [109]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [110]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [111]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [112]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Approved [113]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [101]
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Drug(s) Affected By Cyclin-A1 (CCNA1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [55]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [114]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [55]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [115]
Acocantherin DM7JT24 Atrial fibrillation BC81.3 Approved [116]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [114]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [117]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [102]
Folic Acid DMEMBJC Colorectal carcinoma Approved [118]
Atropine DMEN6X7 Organophosphate poisoning NE6Z Approved [119]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Breast carcinoma Approved [120]
Aprepitant DM053KT Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [121]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [39]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [73]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [122]
obeticholic acid DM3Q1SM Primary biliary cholangitis DB96.1 Approved [68]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [111]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [123]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [124]
Trovafloxacin DM6AN32 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [125]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [126]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [127]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [81]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [128]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [129]
Clodronate DM9Y6X7 Hypercalcaemia 5B91.0 Approved [130]
Cidofovir DMA13GD Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [130]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [130]
Dihydroartemisinin DMBXVMZ Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [131]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [132]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [133]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [81]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [134]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [41]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [135]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [101]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [42]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Arthritis FA20 Approved [43]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [136]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [102]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [137]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [138]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [122]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [134]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [139]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Approved [33]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [140]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [141]
Trovafloxacin DM6AN32 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [142]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [143]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NFKB) TTSXVID NFKB1_HUMAN; NFKB2_HUMAN; TF65_HUMAN; RELB_HUMAN; REL_HUMAN Inhibitor [2]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) Main DME DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [3]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4) OTO27PAL MRP4_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 (BIRC3) OT3E95KB BIRC3_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) OTRU7THO ABCBB_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Cyclin-A1 (CCNA1) OTX4HD45 CCNA1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [6]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV39H1 (SUV39H1) OTDTF5BU SUV91_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [7]
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) OTFHOD0C KEAP1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [8]
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B) OTUYHB84 MLP3B_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [9]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) OTPV5LUK MYC_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [6]

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02115659) Triptolide-Containing Formulation as Treatment for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
2 Functional p53 is required for triptolide-induced apoptosis and AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in gastric cancer cells. Oncogene. 2001 Nov 29;20(55):8009-18.
3 Preclinical pharmacokinetics of triptolide: a potential antitumor drug. Curr Drug Metab. 2019;20(2):147-154.
4 Variable p53/Nrf2 crosstalk contributes to triptolide-induced hepatotoxic process. Toxicol Lett. 2023 Apr 15;379:67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.011. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
5 [Study of triptolide-induced apoptosis in MUTZ-1 cells and its allied mechanism]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Jun;13(3):434-9.
6 Triptolide inhibits the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003 Jan;2(1):65-72.
7 Triptolide alters histone H3K9 and H3K27 methylation state and induces G0/G1 arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in multiple myeloma in vitro. Toxicology. 2010 Jan 12;267(1-3):70-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.023. Epub 2009 Oct 29.
8 Catalpol and panax notoginseng saponins synergistically alleviate triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity through Nrf2/ARE pathway. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019 Apr;56:141-149. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.016. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
9 High-content analysis boosts identification of the initial cause of triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol. 2019 Sep;39(9):1337-1347. doi: 10.1002/jat.3821. Epub 2019 Jun 19.
10 Emerging drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Mar;13(1):175-96.
11 Reduced astrocytic NF- B activation by laquinimod protects from cuprizone-induced demyelination. Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Sep;124(3):411-24.
12 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
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15 Hypoxia-induced neutrophil survival is mediated by HIF-1alpha-dependent NF-kappaB activity. J Exp Med. 2005 Jan 3;201(1):105-15.
16 DA-6034, a derivative of flavonoid, prevents and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and inhibits colon carcinogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Feb;233(2):180-91.
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19 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
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21 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
22 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
23 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
24 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
25 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
26 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
27 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
28 Methotrexate normalizes up-regulated folate pathway genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Nov;65(11):2791-802.
29 Activation of beta-catenin signalling by GSK-3 inhibition increases p-glycoprotein expression in brain endothelial cells. J Neurochem. 2008 Aug;106(4):1855-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05537.x. Epub 2008 Jul 4.
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31 Selenium-dependent and -independent transport of arsenic by the human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2): implications for the mutual detoxification of arsenic and selenium. Carcinogenesis. 2010 Aug;31(8):1450-5. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgq125. Epub 2010 Jun 27.
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33 Robustness testing and optimization of an adverse outcome pathway on cholestatic liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Apr;94(4):1151-1172. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02691-9. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
34 Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation affects expression and function of MRP4 (ABCC4), a transport protein for signaling molecules and drugs. Int J Cancer. 2009 May 15;124(10):2303-11. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24207.
35 Prolonged use of aspirin alters human and rat intestinal cells and thereby limits the absorption of clopidogrel. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Oct;90(4):612-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.163. Epub 2011 Sep 7.
36 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
37 Stem cell transcriptome responses and corresponding biomarkers that indicate the transition from adaptive responses to cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Apr 17;30(4):905-922.
38 Cannabidiol enhances cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 26;10(1):20622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77674-y.
39 DNA methylome-wide alterations associated with estrogen receptor-dependent effects of bisphenols in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 2019 Oct 10;11(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s13148-019-0725-y.
40 Effects of ciglitazone and troglitazone on the proliferation of human stomach cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan 21;15(3):310-20.
41 Transcriptional and Metabolic Dissection of ATRA-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation in NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):2423. doi: 10.3390/cells9112423.
42 Effects of 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and testosterone on miRNA and mRNA expression in LNCaP cells. Mol Cancer. 2011 May 18;10:58.
43 Endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK signaling pathway activation underlie leflunomide-induced toxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicology. 2017 Dec 1;392:11-21.
44 Alcohol triggered bile acid disequilibrium by suppressing BSEP to sustain hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Apr 1;356:109847. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109847. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
45 Bortezomib induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines and is associated with reduced c-FLIP expression: a gene expression profiling study with implications for potential combination therapies. Leuk Res. 2008 Feb;32(2):275-85. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.05.024. Epub 2007 Jul 19.
46 Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
47 Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
48 Omics-based responses induced by bosentan in human hepatoma HepaRG cell cultures. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jun;92(6):1939-1952.
49 Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
50 A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Nov;136(1):216-41.
51 Acetaminophen-induced proliferation of estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells is associated with increases in c-myc RNA expression and NF-kappaB activity. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Apr;66(2):233-43. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/66.2.233.
52 Sertraline induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic cells. Toxicology. 2014 Aug 1;322:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.05.007. Epub 2014 May 24.
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