General Information of Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) (ID: TT8NGED)

DTT Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)
Synonyms Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1; Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1; PHS 1; PGHS-1; PGH synthase 1; Cyclooxygenase-1; COX1; COX-1
Gene Name PTGS1
DTT Type
Successful target
[1]
Related Disease
Eye anterior segment structural developmental anomaly [ICD-11: LA11]
Female pelvic pain [ICD-11: GA34]
Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [ICD-11: 5C80]
Indeterminate colitis [ICD-11: DD72]
Nutritional deficiency [ICD-11: 5B50-5B71]
Osteoarthritis [ICD-11: FA00-FA05]
Pain [ICD-11: MG30-MG3Z]
Postoperative inflammation [ICD-11: 1A00-CA43]
Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]
Seborrhoeic dermatitis [ICD-11: EA81]
Tuberculosis [ICD-11: 1B10-1B12]
Ulcerative colitis [ICD-11: DD71]
BioChemical Class
Paired donor oxygen oxidoreductase
UniProt ID
PGH1_HUMAN
TTD ID
T60529
3D Structure
Download
2D Sequence (FASTA)
Download
3D Structure (PDB)
Download
EC Number
EC 1.14.99.1
Sequence
MSRSLLLWFLLFLLLLPPLPVLLADPGAPTPVNPCCYYPCQHQGICVRFGLDRYQCDCTR
TGYSGPNCTIPGLWTWLRNSLRPSPSFTHFLLTHGRWFWEFVNATFIREMLMRLVLTVRS
NLIPSPPTYNSAHDYISWESFSNVSYYTRILPSVPKDCPTPMGTKGKKQLPDAQLLARRF
LLRRKFIPDPQGTNLMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTSGKMGPGFTKALGHGVDLGHIYGDNLERQ
YQLRLFKDGKLKYQVLDGEMYPPSVEEAPVLMHYPRGIPPQSQMAVGQEVFGLLPGLMLY
ATLWLREHNRVCDLLKAEHPTWGDEQLFQTTRLILIGETIKIVIEEYVQQLSGYFLQLKF
DPELLFGVQFQYRNRIAMEFNHLYHWHPLMPDSFKVGSQEYSYEQFLFNTSMLVDYGVEA
LVDAFSRQIAGRIGGGRNMDHHILHVAVDVIRESREMRLQPFNEYRKRFGMKPYTSFQEL
VGEKEMAAELEELYGDIDALEFYPGLLLEKCHPNSIFGESMIEIGAPFSLKGLLGNPICS
PEYWKPSTFGGEVGFNIVKTATLKKLVCLNTKTCPYVSFRVPDASQDDGPAVERPSTEL
Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
KEGG Pathway
Arachidonic acid metabolism (hsa00590 )
Metabolic pathways (hsa01100 )
Platelet activation (hsa04611 )
Serotonergic synapse (hsa04726 )
Reactome Pathway
Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX) (R-HSA-2162123 )
COX reactions (R-HSA-140180 )
BioCyc Pathway
MetaCyc:HS01815-MON

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DTT

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DTT
15 Approved Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Aminosalicylic acid DMENSL5 Inflammatory bowel disease DD72 Approved [2]
Balsalazide DMO091F Inflammatory bowel disease DD72 Approved [3]
Bromfenac DMKB79O Postoperative inflammation 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [4]
Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosa-hexaenoic acid DMMUCG4 Hypertriglyceridemia 5C80.1 Approved [5]
Fenbufen DMXGDFK Arthritis FA20 Approved [6]
Flufenamic Acid DMC8VNH Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Approved [7]
Gamma-homolinolenic acid DMSXKYG Malnutrition 5B50-5B71 Approved [8], [9], [10]
Meclofenamate sodium DMNL98G Arthritis FA20 Approved [11]
Mesalazine DMOL5IU Ulcerative colitis DD71 Approved [1]
Naproxen DMZ5RGV Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [12]
Piroxicam DMTK234 Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [2]
Salicyclic acid DM2F8XZ Seborrhoeic dermatitis EA81 Approved [13]
Salsalate DM13P4C Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Approved [14], [15]
Suprofen DMKXJZ7 Miosis LA11.62 Approved [16]
Imrecoxib DMVXLOD N. A. N. A. Phase 4 [17]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 15 Approved Drug(s)
6 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
(S)-FLURBIPROFEN DMF2O4T Myalgia FB56.2 Preregistration [18]
Curcumin DMQPH29 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 3 [19]
Resveratrol DM3RWXL Giant cell arteritis 4A44.2 Phase 3 [20]
ThermoProfen DMPGH7N Pain MG30-MG3Z Phase 3 [21]
Epicatechin DMN0EMP Duchenne dystrophy 8C70 Phase 1/2 [22]
EXO-230 DM64PM7 Diabetic neuropathy 8C0Z Phase 1/2 [23]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
1 Patented Agent(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Carbamate derivative 2 DMEWPQ6 N. A. N. A. Patented [24]
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8 Discontinued Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
INDOPROFEN DM5QSKN Gout FA25 Withdrawn from market [18]
Metamizole DM79GRO Fever MG26 Withdrawn from market [25]
Phenacetin DMRQAM0 Analgesia MB40.8 Withdrawn from market [26]
CRx-401 DM39N7W Type-2 diabetes 5A11 Discontinued in Phase 2 [27]
R-ketoprofen DMHSUQ1 N. A. N. A. Discontinued in Phase 2 [18]
TEBUFELONE DMMUE8P Pain MG30-MG3Z Discontinued in Phase 2 [28]
ATLIPROFEN METHYL ESTER DMS2FB3 Inflammation 1A00-CA43.1 Terminated [2]
SC-58451 DMVGK24 N. A. N. A. Terminated [29]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 8 Discontinued Drug(s)
106 Investigative Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
(-)-3-O-acetylspectaline DMKRTBM Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [30]
(11H-Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-2-yl)-acetic acid DMSUPVE Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [31]
(11H-Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-7-yl)-acetic acid DM5ZTXL Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [31]
(11H-Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-8-yl)-acetic acid DMBY623 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [31]
(3-Chloro-4-Propoxy-Phenyl)-Acetic Acid DMHODXG Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [32]
(R)-2-(4-Isobutyl-phenyl)-N-phenyl-propionamide DMAD4JY Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [18]
(Z)-2'-des-methyl sulindac sulfide DM0OEQJ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [33]
1,2-dihydro-3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)naphthalene DMST60D Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [34]
1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-p-tolylurea DMMSQLC Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [35]
1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-phenylurea DMH7RY0 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [35]
1-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)acetylene DMWA6G1 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [36]
1-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)acetylene DMP93E2 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [36]
2'-epi-guianin DMNVJY0 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [37]
2,4'-Dimethoxy-5,3'-di-(2-propenyl)-biphenyl DMWNJ84 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [38]
2-(1,1'-Biphenyl-4-Yl)Propanoic Acid DMUE0D6 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [32], [39]
2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-indene DMFU1PK Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [34]
2-(2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)phenyl)acetic acid DMJ2DE4 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [40]
2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indene DMXFYN8 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [34]
2-(2-Methylpropanoyl)-1,3,5-benzenetriol DMPH63G Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [41]
2-(3'-Allyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-propionic acid DMAGFUH Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [42]
2-(3'-Ethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-propionic acid DMPLN58 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [42]
2-(3'-Ethylsulfanyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-propionic acid DMPGYDA Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [42]
2-(3'-Vinyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-propionic acid DM7NGV1 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [42]
2-(3-Phenyl-propyl)-1,2-dihydro-indazol-3-one DMIQBXD Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
2-(N-(2-Ffuorophenyl)pyrrol-3-yl) acetic acid DMRNOM6 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [44]
2-(N-(2-fluorophenyl)pyrrol-2-yl) acetic acid DMCL9E6 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [44]
2-(p-Methylsulfonylbenzoyl)furan DMLT635 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [45]
2-Benzyl-1,2-dihydro-indazol-3-one DM1CB5J Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
2-Bromoacetyl Group DMIHJSA Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
2-Furan-2-ylmethyl-1,2-dihydro-indazol-3-one DMQIRY7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
2-Methyl-1,2-dihydro-indazol-3-one DMDJHFQ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
2-Naphthalen-2-ylmethyl-1,2-dihydro-indazol-3-one DM1EJ6W Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
2-Phenethyl-1,2-dihydro-indazol-3-one DM0WMBC Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
2-Phenyl-1,2-dihydro-indazol-3-one DM28CLZ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
2-[4-(1H-Indol-5-yl)-phenyl]-propionic acid DMUHECR Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [42]
3 beta-O-acetyloleanolic acid DM1L5IJ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [47]
3-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-1-phenyl-propynone DMSR2O3 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [48]
4'-Methoxy-5,3'-dipropyl-biphenyl-2ol DM5FRV2 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [38]
4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2-selenazole DMIO254 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [49]
4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)isothiazole DMENLFY Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4,5-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-selenazole DMKHD1M Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [49]
4,5-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one DMI39QT Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4,5-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione DMPW145 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4,5-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isothiazole DM90DV6 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)isothiazole DMODVGN Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-p-tolyl-1,2-selenazole DMZBEYO Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [49]
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-p-tolyl-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one DMVDF9Q Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-p-tolylisothiazole DMMK9RC Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4-(5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)isothiazol-4-yl)phenol DMK1ZF2 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
4-amino-N-(2-chlorophenyl)benzenesulfonamide DM6PQ5V Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [51]
4-amino-N-(4-chlorophenyl)benzenesulfonamide DMCUSD4 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [51]
4-amino-N-p-tolylbenzenesulfonamide DMLW651 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [51]
5,3'-Dipropyl-biphenyl-2,4'-diol DMJRXLD Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [38]
5-(2-1H-indenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole DM149IX Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [34]
5-(2-Imidazol-1-yl-ethyl)-7,8-dihydro-quinoline DMCP5U8 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [52]
5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)isothiazole DMSTG03 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-p-tolyl-1,2-selenazole DMY0P86 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [49]
5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-p-tolyl-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one DMFYEL8 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-p-tolylisothiazole DMA1N75 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-p-tolyl-1,2-selenazole DMEV8WS Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [49]
5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-p-tolylisothiazole DMJSTCK Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
5-Ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-isoxazole DMRIGXA Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [53]
5-Methyl-3,4-diphenyl-isoxazole DM0G2N5 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [53]
5-Phenyl-pentanoic acid benzyl-hydroxy-amide DM3B6A8 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [54]
Acetic acid 2-hept-2-ynylsulfanyl-phenyl ester DM97DJL Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
Acetic acid 2-hept-3-ynylsulfanyl-phenyl ester DMD89A1 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
Acetic acid 2-heptylselanyl-phenyl ester DM50BTA Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
Acetic acid 2-heptylsulfanyl-phenyl ester DMLPRIG Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
Acetic acid 2-hex-2-ynylsulfanyl-phenyl ester DMFQE1C Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
Acetic acid 2-hexylsulfanyl-phenyl ester DMAKNUH Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
Acetic acid 2-pentylsulfanyl-phenyl ester DMFKRIH Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
Acetic Acid Salicyloyl-Amino-Ester DMLTNHY Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [32]
Alpha-D-Mannose DMF5DLW Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
Arachidonic acid DMUOQZD Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
B-Octylglucoside DMMO75G Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
Beta-D-Glucose DM5IHYP Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
Beta-D-Mannose DMHIG9K Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
CATECHIN DMY38SB Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [22]
DEMETHOXYCURCUMIN DMO5UGV Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [19]
FR122047 DMAYTWN Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [56]
Heme DMGC287 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [32]
HONOKIOL DMJWT3X Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [38]
Hyperforin DM2L3PE Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [57]
IODOINDOMETHACIN DM3BL0G Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [39]
IODOSUPROFEN DMOE8LT Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [39]
METHYLHONOKIOL DM9YE6K Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [38]
N-(1H-indazol-5-yl)acetamide DMIMJNU Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [58]
N-(3-(phenylthio)pyridin-4-yl)methanesulfonamide DMSJX1H Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [59]
N-(3-phenoxy-4-pyridinyl)ethanesulfonamide DMXF46V Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [60]
N-(3-phenoxy-4-pyridinyl)propanesulfonamide DMN1DPJ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [60]
N-(3-phenoxypyridin-4-yl)methanesulfonamide DM7CM3F Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [59]
N-(3-phenylamino-4-pyridinyl)methanesulfonamide DMJB7SE Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [59]
Nitroflurbiprofen DMWCV48 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [61], [62], [63]
O-Acetylserine DMAEHFT Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
Oxametacin DMWVLG1 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [64]
P-(2'-Iodo-5'-Thenoyl)Hydrotropic Acid DMJ0W43 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [32]
Phenazone DMCE985 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [65]
PHENIDONE DMJD8XN Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [43]
Prifelone DMLI4RF Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [66]
Primary alcohol metabolite of celecoxib DMA8GI6 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [67]
Protoporphyrin Ix Containing Co DMJ8TP3 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [46]
Resorcinol DMM37C0 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [22]
Resveratrol Potassium3-Sulfate DMN1RLA Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [68]
Resveratrol Potassium4,-Sulfate DMMFP57 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [68]
SC-560 DMT1GJL Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [69]
TRL-382 DMU3E1M Neuropathic pain 8E43.0 Investigative [70]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 106 Investigative Drug(s)

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DTT

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This DTT
Disease Name ICD 11 Studied Tissue p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Alzheimer's disease 8A00.0 Entorhinal cortex 3.97E-03 0.16 0.43
Atopic dermatitis EA90 Skin 4.11E-05 -0.37 -1.66
Rectal cancer 2C82 Rectal colon tissue 4.06E-03 -0.9 -2.26
Type 2 diabetes 5A11 Liver tissue 3.77E-01 0.32 0.73
Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Synovial tissue 7.25E-01 -0.04 -0.06
Osteoarthritis FA20 Synovial tissue 7.89E-01 0.02 0.02
Asthma CA23 Nasal and bronchial airway 5.11E-09 0.51 0.96
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⏷ Show the Full List of DTT Expression Under 7 Diseases

The Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME) Role of This DTT

DTT DME Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1) DME Info
Gene Name PTGS1
30 Approved Drug(s) Metabolized by This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Candesartan DMRK8OT Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [71]
Dapsone DM4LT8A Pneumocystis pneumonia CA40.20 Approved [71]
Diazepam DM08E9O Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [71]
Diphenhydramine DMKQTBA Meniere disease AB31.0 Approved [71]
Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosa-hexaenoic acid DMMUCG4 Hypertriglyceridemia 5C80.1 Approved [72]
Eletriptan DMW649X Migraine 8A80 Approved [71]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [73]
Gamma-homolinolenic acid DMSXKYG Malnutrition 5B50-5B71 Approved [72]
Gamolenic acid DMQN30Z Allergy 4A80-4A85 Approved [72]
Hexobarbital DMQ314B Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [71]
Ifosfamide DMCT3I8 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [71]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [71]
Irbesartan DMTP1DC Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [71]
Ketobemidone DMM3L6Z Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [71]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [71]
Nateglinide DMLK2QH Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [71]
Nortriptyline DM4KDYJ Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [71]
Pioglitazone DMKJ485 Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [71]
Rofecoxib DM3P5DA Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [71]
Rosiglitazone DMY6EAO Type-2 diabetes 5A11 Approved [71]
Sulfamethoxazole DMB08GE Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [71]
Terbinafine DMI6HUW Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [71]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Multiple myeloma 2A83 Approved [71]
Trabectedin DMG3Y89 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [71]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [71]
Voriconazole DMAOL2S Invasive aspergillosis 1F20.0 Approved [71]
Zafirlukast DMHNQOG Asthma CA23 Approved [71]
Zileuton DMVRIC2 Asthma CA23 Approved [71]
Zopiclone DMPI6Z0 Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [71]
Zaltoprofen DM9RJH7 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Phase 4 [71]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 30 Approved Drug(s)
1 Discontinued Drug(s) Metabolized by This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Seratrodast DMPNTDL Allergic asthma CA23.0 Discontinued in Phase 3 [71]
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5 Investigative Drug(s) Metabolized by This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Alpha-linolenic acid DMY64HE Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [72]
Arachidonic acid DMUOQZD Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [74]
BML3-C01 DMER2WS Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [72]
Eicosadienoic acid DMVJK9W Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [72]
Icosapentum DMF1CM7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [72]
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References

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13 The C50T polymorphism of the cyclooxygenase-1 gene and the risk of thrombotic events during low-dose therapy with acetyl salicylic acid. Thromb Haemost. 2008 Jul;100(1):70-5.
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18 2-Arylpropionic CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) ligands as novel noncompetitive CXCL8 inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2005 Jun 30;48(13):4312-31.
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21 Topical NSAID therapy for musculoskeletal pain. Pain Med. 2010 Apr;11(4):535-49.
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23 Inhibiting Amadori-modified albumin formation improves biomarkers of podocyte damage in diabetic rats. Physiol Rep. 2013 September; 1(4): e00083.
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27 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00506298) Study of CRx-401 on Glucose Levels in Subjects With Type II Diabetes. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
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