Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS6TJYS)

Disease Name	Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Synonyms	gastrointestinal stromal tumors; gastrointestinal stromal tumours; stromal tumour of gastrointestinal tract; gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma; stromal tumor of gastrointestinal tract; gastrointestinal stromal tumor, familial, isolated cases; gastrointestinal stromal tumor (gist); gant; gastrointestinal stromal neoplasm; gist; gastrointestinal stromal tumour (gist); Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; gastrointestinal stromal tumor; gastrointestinal stromal tumor, isolated cases
Disease Class	2B5B: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Definition	Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically presenting in adults over the age of 40 (mean age 63), and only rarely in children, in various regions of the GI tract, most commonly the stomach or small intestine but also less commonly in the esophagus, appendix, rectum and colon. GISTs can be asymptomatic or present with various non-specific signs, depending on the location and size of tumor, such as loss of appetite, anemia, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal discomfort or fullness, nausea, vomiting, as well as an abdominal mass, blood in stool, and intestinal obstruction. GISTs can also be seen in familial syndromes such as Carney triad and neurofibromatosis type 1.
Disease Hierarchy	DISYKSRF: Genetic disease DISFABII: Mesenchymal tumor of small intestine DIS6TJYS: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
ICD Code	ICD-11 ICD-11: 2B5B Expand ICD-9 1.50E+29
Disease Identifiers	MONDO ID MONDO_0011719 MESH ID D046152 UMLS CUI C0238198 OMIM ID 606764 MedGen ID 116049 HPO ID HP:0100723 Orphanet ID 44890 SNOMED CT ID 1187383001

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 5 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Avapritinib	DMK2GZX	Approved	NA	[1]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Regorafenib	DMHSY1I	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Ripretinib	DM958QB	Approved	NA	[4]
Sunitinib	DMCBJSR	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 8 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Bezuclastinib	DMZDTYD	Phase 3	Small molecule	[6]
CP-868596	DMZIM37	Phase 3	Small molecular drug	[7]
Masitinib	DMRSNEU	Phase 3	Small molecular drug	[7]
BIIB 2024	DM44Z9R	Phase 2	NA	[8]
PLX9486	DM5DZEL	Phase 1/2	Small molecular drug	[9]
CDX-0158	DM9RONX	Phase 1	NA	[10]
DS-6157	DMTKZ1Q	Phase 1	Antibody drug conjugate	[11]
XmAb18087	DMB3C0Q	Phase 1	NA	[7]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 8 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 62 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
CDC37	TT5SOEU	Limited	Biomarker	[12]
GIP	TT40HS5	Limited	Genetic Variation	[13]
KRAS	TTM8FR7	Limited	Biomarker	[14]
MAP4K1	TTSHWUP	Limited	Genetic Variation	[15]
SDHD	TTVH9W8	Limited	Genetic Variation	[16]
AXL	TTZPY6J	moderate	Biomarker	[17]
CASP4	TT6KIOT	moderate	Genetic Variation	[18]
CCKBR	TTVFO0U	moderate	Altered Expression	[19]
CES1	TTMF541	moderate	Genetic Variation	[20]
CRTC1	TT4GO0F	moderate	Biomarker	[21]
EPHX2	TT7WVHI	moderate	Genetic Variation	[20]
FCGR1A	TTZK4I3	moderate	Altered Expression	[22]
FER	TTRA9G0	moderate	Genetic Variation	[23]
FOLH1	TT9G4N0	moderate	Biomarker	[24]
HSP90AB1	TTH5YN2	moderate	Altered Expression	[25]
IKZF3	TTCZVFZ	moderate	Biomarker	[26]
MAPKAPK2	TTMUG9D	moderate	Altered Expression	[27]
MTTP	TTUS1RD	moderate	Biomarker	[28]
PDCD2	TTYOVWN	moderate	Altered Expression	[29]
PDE3B	TTN34SQ	moderate	Altered Expression	[30]
PRCP	TTTJZ4M	moderate	Biomarker	[31]
SLCO1B3	TTU86P0	moderate	Biomarker	[32]
SSTR1	TTIND6G	moderate	Biomarker	[33]
TEC	TT1ZV49	moderate	Genetic Variation	[34]
TIE1	TTT4236	moderate	Altered Expression	[35]
TIGIT	TTWNL74	moderate	Altered Expression	[36]
TPBG	TT70MLA	moderate	Genetic Variation	[37]
ABL1	TT6B75U	Strong	Biomarker	[28]
AURKA	TTPS3C0	Strong	Biomarker	[38]
BRAF	TT0EOB8	Strong	Biomarker	[39]
CCND3	TT1JXNR	Strong	Altered Expression	[40]
CD3E	TTZAT79	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
DMD	TTWLFXU	Strong	Genetic Variation	[42]
DYRK2	TT84OS6	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
EZR	TTE47YC	Strong	Altered Expression	[43]
FGF4	TTCEKVZ	Strong	Altered Expression	[44]
FLT3	TTGJCWZ	Strong	Biomarker	[45]
FSCN1	TTTRS9B	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
GLI1	TTJOMH6	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
GLI2	TT045OH	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
GLP2R	TT1YWO5	Strong	Altered Expression	[47]
HHAT	TT1VNCG	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
HIPK2	TTOB49C	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
HSP90AA1	TT78R5H	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
KITLG	TTDJ51N	Strong	Altered Expression	[48]
MS4A1	TTUE541	Strong	Biomarker	[49]
NES	TTHZ752	Strong	Biomarker	[50]
NTRK3	TTXABCW	Strong	Biomarker	[51]
PDE11A	TTTWC79	Strong	Genetic Variation	[52]
PDE3A	TT06AWU	Strong	Biomarker	[53]
PDGFRB	TTI7421	Strong	Biomarker	[54]
PEBP1	TT1BGU8	Strong	Altered Expression	[55]
PRKCA	TTFJ8Q1	Strong	Biomarker	[56]
PRKCB	TTYPXQF	Strong	Biomarker	[56]
PRKCQ	TT1MS7X	Strong	Biomarker	[57]
SMO	TT8J1S3	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
STK36	TTX5KEQ	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
TGFBR2	TTZE3P7	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
TK1	TTP3QRF	Strong	Genetic Variation	[58]
TKTL1	TTNQ1J3	Strong	Genetic Variation	[58]
KIT	TTX41N9	Definitive	Autosomal dominant	[59]
PDGFRA	TT8FYO9	Definitive	Autosomal dominant	[59]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 62 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 3 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC16A7	DTLT3UG	moderate	Altered Expression	[60]
SLC22A4	DT2EG60	Strong	Genetic Variation	[61]
SLC22A5	DT3HUVD	Strong	Genetic Variation	[61]
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This Disease Is Related to 3 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
CYP2C8	DES5XRU	moderate	Genetic Variation	[62]
PGPEP1	DEVDR46	moderate	Biomarker	[31]
WARS1	DEPVE0M	moderate	Biomarker	[63]
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This Disease Is Related to 114 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
CCDC6	OTXRQDYG	Limited	Altered Expression	[64]
INTS13	OTWE6180	Limited	Biomarker	[65]
MGA	OTTLB216	Limited	Genetic Variation	[66]
OBSCN	OTT14OVX	Limited	Altered Expression	[67]
PRUNE2	OTGW2974	Limited	Altered Expression	[67]
TRIM63	OTUSWA74	Limited	Altered Expression	[64]
SDHA	OTOJ8QFF	Supportive	Autosomal dominant	[68]
ADIPOR2	OT2HDTL8	moderate	Altered Expression	[69]
ALDH7A1	OTV57BZD	moderate	Biomarker	[30]
AMPD3	OT5SP1KJ	moderate	Biomarker	[70]
AMPH	OTWPGWZX	moderate	Biomarker	[71]
ANGPT4	OT881M3K	moderate	Altered Expression	[35]
APBA1	OTUH9JPD	moderate	Posttranslational Modification	[72]
APBA2	OTXD8ID1	moderate	Posttranslational Modification	[72]
BAG6	OT4Z0S2U	moderate	Altered Expression	[73]
BTC	OTW4B2O0	moderate	Biomarker	[74]
CA10	OTC3N1F6	moderate	Altered Expression	[75]
CA11	OT8RX3AJ	moderate	Biomarker	[75]
CA8	OT9Y8GA8	moderate	Biomarker	[75]
CALD1	OTNJKJ6Q	moderate	Biomarker	[76]
CCBE1	OTO4UIDB	moderate	Biomarker	[77]
CCNH	OTKDU3SR	moderate	Altered Expression	[78]
CIC	OTFXCHNZ	moderate	Altered Expression	[79]
CLEC11A	OT9KBH7C	moderate	Altered Expression	[80]
COL22A1	OTSWGZRD	moderate	Altered Expression	[81]
COPA	OTZ1DTXU	moderate	Altered Expression	[82]
CRTAP	OT53H5U6	moderate	Genetic Variation	[18]
CYTIP	OTRJ3ZC5	moderate	Genetic Variation	[18]
DAAM1	OT0VHIYZ	moderate	Biomarker	[83]
DACT1	OT19Z704	moderate	Altered Expression	[83]
DCTN6	OTI8PIN9	moderate	Altered Expression	[84]
DEPDC5	OTE70JLY	moderate	Biomarker	[85]
DIAPH1	OTZBYPLH	moderate	Biomarker	[86]
ETV4	OT8C98UZ	moderate	Altered Expression	[87]
FIP1L1	OTF91GTL	moderate	Genetic Variation	[88]
FXYD5	OT81DIOD	moderate	Biomarker	[89]
HAND1	OTN4IPVV	moderate	Altered Expression	[90]
KCNIP3	OTCQPEM4	moderate	Biomarker	[91]
KCNRG	OTXHYFOD	moderate	Biomarker	[92]
KCTD10	OT5HFZXU	moderate	Altered Expression	[93]
KIRREL1	OTOA7ON7	moderate	Biomarker	[94]
KIRREL3	OTW7PENS	moderate	Biomarker	[94]
MAPK8IP2	OTDUHLN0	moderate	Biomarker	[86]
NCOR1	OT04XNOU	moderate	Altered Expression	[29]
NFKBIB	OTY1ZJXH	moderate	Biomarker	[95]
PCDH10	OT2GIT0E	moderate	Biomarker	[96]
PIK3C2A	OTFBU4GD	moderate	Biomarker	[97]
PLCB4	OTPA0QHW	moderate	Altered Expression	[98]
POU2AF1	OTOO6WHL	moderate	Biomarker	[99]
PPP2R1A	OTYA3GB4	moderate	Genetic Variation	[100]
PRKAR1B	OT777OHS	moderate	Biomarker	[101]
RAB27B	OTPF9D0K	moderate	Altered Expression	[102]
RBPMS2	OTY24L1F	moderate	Biomarker	[103]
RITA1	OTUH8IPS	moderate	Biomarker	[104]
RTN1	OTCX1SMK	moderate	Biomarker	[83]
SH3BP2	OT90JNBS	moderate	Altered Expression	[105]
SLFN12	OTTBXM25	moderate	Biomarker	[106]
SLITRK3	OT018P93	moderate	Altered Expression	[107]
SPARCL1	OT74DWMV	moderate	Altered Expression	[108]
SPRY4	OT2VK9N0	moderate	Biomarker	[37]
TLX2	OTPFAUM8	moderate	Genetic Variation	[109]
TNFAIP8L2	OTII0RM0	moderate	Biomarker	[110]
AIP	OTDJ3OSV	Strong	Genetic Variation	[52]
ARNT	OTMSIEZY	Strong	Biomarker	[111]
B9D1	OTWTXO75	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
BOC	OTXBCY9W	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
C2CD3	OTC52E7V	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
CC2D2A	OTFGRGFR	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
CDON	OT81X593	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
CIAO2A	OTYPPL5X	Strong	Biomarker	[112]
CMAS	OTFQJG3C	Strong	Genetic Variation	[113]
CTHRC1	OTV88X2G	Strong	Biomarker	[114]
CTNNA1	OTFC725Z	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
DES	OTI09KBW	Strong	Genetic Variation	[115]
DISP1	OTLDFZSY	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
DKK4	OTWCCVF6	Strong	Biomarker	[116]
ELP4	OTP5GZ9V	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
FOXF1	OT2CJZ5K	Strong	Altered Expression	[117]
FOXL2	OTFRQUYL	Strong	Altered Expression	[118]
GLI3	OTKDOE94	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
GLIS2	OTOUUV1X	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
H3C1	OTGBGOZW	Strong	Altered Expression	[118]
HHIP	OT77RQYS	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
HIPK1	OTSEA8RS	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
IFT172	OT12DW08	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
IFT52	OTFIVV9A	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
IFT88	OTDR3VBD	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
IHH	OT1DWGXC	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
KCTD12	OTPYKT4Z	Strong	Altered Expression	[119]
KDM4D	OTN6KAE6	Strong	Biomarker	[111]
KIF3A	OTMUBSSK	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
MAX	OTKZ0YKM	Strong	Genetic Variation	[120]
NCR3	OT20M764	Strong	Altered Expression	[73]
NDST1	OT9E10W2	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
NME7	OTYMBK3Q	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
NPC1	OTRIPICX	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
PDE8B	OT4217NK	Strong	Genetic Variation	[52]
PRRT2	OTCJUBDO	Strong	Biomarker	[56]
PSMD9	OT6Y5CC3	Strong	Altered Expression	[84]
PTCH1	OTMG07H5	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
PTCH2	OTOQ0K9V	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
PTPN18	OT0S09B3	Strong	Biomarker	[121]
RAB23	OTBAKFBR	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
RB1	OT9VMY7B	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
RPL24	OTCY9DEB	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
SALL3	OTJ2LZKQ	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
SDHC	OTC8G2MX	Strong	Autosomal dominant	[122]
SUFU	OT0IRYG1	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
TK2	OTS1V4XB	Strong	Genetic Variation	[58]
TMEM17	OTEU00OH	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
TMEM231	OTF4UYIE	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
KIT	OTHUY3VZ	Definitive	Autosomal dominant	[59]
PDGFRA	OTDJXUCN	Definitive	Autosomal dominant	[59]
SDHB	OTRE1M1T	Definitive	Autosomal dominant	[123]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 114 DOT(s)

References

1	Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health Human Services. 2020
2	Imatinib FDA Label
3	Regorafenib FDA Label
4	Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health Human Services. 2020
5	The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
6	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05208047) A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Clinical Study of CGT9486+Sunitinib vs. Sunitinib in Subjects With Locally Advanced, Unresectable, or Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. U.S.National Institutes of Health.
7	Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
8	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00574236) Phase II Trial of Bortezomib and Doxorubicin in Metastatic Breast Cancer. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
9	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02401815) CGT9486 (Formerly Known as PLX9486) as a Single Agent and in Combination With PLX3397 (Pexidartinib) or Sunitinib in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
10	Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
11	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04276415) DS-6157a in Participants With Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
12	Coordinated targeting of CK2 and KIT in gastrointestinal stromal tumours.Br J Cancer. 2020 Feb;122(3):372-381. doi: 10.1038/s41416-019-0657-5. Epub 2019 Nov 28.
13	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptors in most gastroenteropancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine tumors.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Feb;97(2):482-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2454. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
14	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and second malignancies: A novel "sentinel tumor"? A monoinstitutional, STROBE-compliant observational analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(38):e4718. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004718.
15	Multiple conformational states of the HPK1 kinase domain in complex with sunitinib reveal the structural changes accompanying HPK1 trans-regulation.J Biol Chem. 2019 Jun 7;294(23):9029-9036. doi: 10.1074/jbc.AC119.007466. Epub 2019 Apr 24.
16	Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor With SDHC Germline Mutation and Bilateral Renal and Neck Cysts.Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2019 May-Jun;22(3):265-268. doi: 10.1177/1093526618805354. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
17	Activated tyrosine kinases in gastrointestinal stromal tumor with loss of KIT oncoprotein expression.Cell Cycle. 2018;17(23):2577-2592. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1553335. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
18	Mutational analysis of CASP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 14 genes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Hum Pathol. 2009 Jun;40(6):868-71. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.11.013. Epub 2009 Mar 9.
19	Promoting role of cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R) in gastrointestinal stromal tumour pathogenesis.J Pathol. 2012 Dec;228(4):565-74. doi: 10.1002/path.4071. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
20	Predicting Malignancy Risk in Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Tumors with Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasonography Using Perfusion Analysis Software.Gut Liver. 2019 Mar 15;13(2):161-168. doi: 10.5009/gnl18185.
21	KIT-Dependent and KIT-Independent Genomic Heterogeneity of Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - TORC1/2 Inhibition as Salvage Strategy.Mol Cancer Ther. 2019 Nov;18(11):1985-1996. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-1224. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
22	Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and 2 help to predict disease outcome in GIST patients.Ann Oncol. 2008 Jul;19(7):1293-1298. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdn040. Epub 2008 Mar 27.
23	MicroRNA involvement in gastrointestinal stromal tumor tumorigenesis.Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(7):1227-35. doi: 10.2174/138161213804805748.
24	68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.Clin Nucl Med. 2018 Jan;43(1):60-61. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000001902.
25	Heat shock protein 90 overexpression independently predicts inferior disease-free survival with differential expression of the alpha and beta isoforms in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 1;14(23):7822-31. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1369.
26	Management of localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors and adjuvant therapy with imatinib.Anticancer Drugs. 2012 Jun;23 Suppl:S3-6. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e3283559fab.
27	MAPKAP kinase 2 overexpression influences prognosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and associates with copy number variations on chromosome 1 and expression of p38 MAP kinase and ETV1.Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Apr 1;18(7):1879-87. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2364. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
28	Opposing roles of KIT and ABL1 in the therapeutic response of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells to imatinib mesylate.Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 17;8(3):4471-4483. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13882.
29	PDCD2 and NCoR1 as putative tumor suppressors in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2016 Apr;39(2):129-37. doi: 10.1007/s13402-015-0258-0. Epub 2015 Nov 20.
30	Anagrelide for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Mar 1;25(5):1676-1687. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0815. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
31	CTHRC1 acts as a prognostic factor and promotes invasiveness of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by activating Wnt/PCP-Rho signaling.Neoplasia. 2014 Mar;16(3):265-78, 278.e1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
32	Genetic polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes are associated with worse progression-free survival of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with imatinib.Eur J Cancer. 2017 Nov;86:226-232. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.09.025. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
33	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) express somatostatin receptors and bind radiolabeled somatostatin analogs.Acta Oncol. 2013 May;52(4):783-92. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2012.733075. Epub 2012 Nov 1.
34	Phase I Study of Rapid Alternation of Sunitinib and Regorafenib for the Treatment of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Refractory Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Dec 15;25(24):7287-7293. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-2150. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
35	Expression of angiopoietin-1, 2 and 4 and Tie-1 and 2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma and schwannoma.World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Sep 7;13(33):4473-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i33.4473.
36	Association between the exposure to anti-angiogenic agents and tumour immune microenvironment in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours.Br J Cancer. 2019 Nov;121(10):819-826. doi: 10.1038/s41416-019-0596-1. Epub 2019 Oct 14.
37	Kit K641E oncogene up-regulates Sprouty homolog 4 and trophoblast glycoprotein in interstitial cells of Cajal in a murine model of gastrointestinal stromal tumours.J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Aug;13(8A):1536-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00768.x. Epub 2009 May 19.
38	Role of PLK1 signaling pathway genes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Oncol Lett. 2018 Sep;16(3):3070-3082. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.9003. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
39	KIT as an Oncogenic Driver in Melanoma: An Update on Clinical Development.Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019 Jun;20(3):315-323. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0414-1.
40	Increased cyclin D3 expression significantly correlates with p27 nuclear positivity in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Hum Pathol. 2008 Dec;39(12):1784-91. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.05.007. Epub 2008 Aug 12.
41	Hedgehog pathway dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of human gastrointestinal stromal tumors via GLI-mediated activation of KIT expression. Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 29;7(48):78226-78241. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12909.
42	Recurrent DMD Deletions Highlight Specific Role of Dp71 Isoform in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas.Cancers (Basel). 2019 Jul 1;11(7):922. doi: 10.3390/cancers11070922.
43	Phosphorylated T567 ezrin is associated with merlin expression in KIT-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Mol Med Rep. 2012 Jan;5(1):17-21. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2011.609. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
44	Gain of FGF4 is a frequent event in KIT/PDGFRA/SDH/RAS-P WT GIST.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2019 Sep;58(9):636-642. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22753. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
45	A Phase I Study of Binimetinib (MEK162) Combined with Pexidartinib (PLX3397) in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.Oncologist. 2019 Oct;24(10):1309-e983. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0418. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
46	Fascin-1 overexpression and miR-133b downregulation in the progression of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Mod Pathol. 2013 Apr;26(4):563-71. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.198. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
47	GLP-2 receptors in human disease: high expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and Crohn's disease.Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 Nov 25;364(1-2):46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.08.008. Epub 2012 Aug 19.
48	Insights into ligand stimulation effects on gastro-intestinal stromal tumors signalling.Cell Signal. 2017 Jan;29:138-149. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.10.009. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
49	Immune cells in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Apr;20(4):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3282f3a403.
50	Expression profiles of stemness genes in gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Hum Pathol. 2018 Jun;76:76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.02.015. Epub 2018 Feb 25.
51	The histologic spectrum of soft tissue spindle cell tumors with NTRK3 gene rearrangements.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2019 Nov;58(11):739-746. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22767. Epub 2019 Jun 4.
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