General Information of Disease (ID: DISTUD1F)

Disease Name Adrenoleukodystrophy
Synonyms
diffuse sclerosis; adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked recessive; Bronze-Schilder disease; X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy; encephalitis periaxialis, Schilder's; diffuse cerebral sclerosis of Schilder; adrenomyeloneuropathy, adult, X-linked recessive; X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy; Siemerling-Creutzfeldt disease; encephalitis periaxialis concentrica; X-linked ALD; adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked; adrenoleukodystrophy; X-ALD; ALD; ABCD1 deficiency; sudanophilic cerebral sclerosis; adrenomyeloneuropathy, adult
Disease Class 8A44: Leukodystrophy
Definition A peroxisomal disorder resulting in cerebral demyelination, axonal dysfunction in the spinal cord leading to spastic paraplegia, adrenal insufficiency and in some cases testicular insufficiency.
Disease Hierarchy
DISVY1TT: Leukodystrophy
DISVK0F8: Disorder of peroxisomal transporter
DISFS818: Adrenal gland disorder
DIS3PN9X: X-linked disease
DISFWL8F: Hereditary dementia
DISTUD1F: Adrenoleukodystrophy
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 8A44.1
Expand ICD-11
'8A44.1
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0018544
MESH ID
D000326
UMLS CUI
C0162309
OMIM ID
300100
MedGen ID
57667
Orphanet ID
43
SNOMED CT ID
65389002

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Lenti-D DMQG4CU Phase 3 NA [1]
SOM1201 DMDLI5I Phase 1 NA [2]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 29 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ACAA2 TTM3F49 moderate Biomarker [3]
CES1 TTMF541 moderate Altered Expression [4]
GADD45B TTMDW9L moderate Altered Expression [5]
GRHL2 TTUGH4C moderate Biomarker [6]
MAG TT9XFON moderate Biomarker [7]
PCSK7 TTD30LY moderate Biomarker [8]
PPID TTNAFOU moderate Biomarker [9]
PPIF TTRFQTB moderate Biomarker [9]
PRSS1 TT2WR1T moderate Genetic Variation [10]
SCAP TTL6U2P moderate Biomarker [11]
SGCA TTS9Q5V moderate Biomarker [12]
SLC40A1 TT6Y1PG moderate Altered Expression [13]
SOD2 TT9O4C5 moderate Genetic Variation [14]
ABCA4 TTLB52K Strong Genetic Variation [15]
ABCG2 TTIMJ02 Strong Genetic Variation [16]
CD1A TTBGTFN Strong Genetic Variation [17]
DEPTOR TTLYP6D Strong Biomarker [18]
DGAT2 TTRHEQ4 Strong Altered Expression [19]
DMPK TTZQTY2 Strong Genetic Variation [20]
HAMP TTRV5YJ Strong Biomarker [21]
HMOX1 TTI6V2A Strong Biomarker [22]
HSD17B13 TTDJYZR Strong Genetic Variation [23]
HSD17B4 TTL1WGS Strong Biomarker [24]
LBP TTVQJLY Strong Altered Expression [25]
MOG TTQAFX5 Strong Biomarker [26]
PNPLA3 TTEUAEH Strong Genetic Variation [27]
ST14 TTPRO7W Strong Biomarker [28]
ST8SIA4 TTDP8YM Strong Genetic Variation [29]
TM6SF2 TTE1OHM Strong Genetic Variation [30]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 29 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 6 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC27A5 DT0TQS3 moderate Biomarker [31]
ABCB6 DTF9Y2V Strong Genetic Variation [32]
ABCD2 DT4MBHD Strong Biomarker [33]
ABCD3 DTGLZO4 Strong Altered Expression [34]
ABCD4 DTI8AFW Strong Biomarker [35]
ABCD1 DTKM9DZ Definitive X-linked [36]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 6 DTP(s)
This Disease Is Related to 6 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ADH1C DEM1HNL Limited Genetic Variation [14]
GPT DER5HFI Limited Biomarker [37]
ADH5 DEIOH6A moderate Genetic Variation [38]
CHST3 DEQIZP2 moderate Altered Expression [39]
CYP4F2 DE3GT9C moderate Genetic Variation [40]
AKR1A1 DED2FW3 Strong Biomarker [41]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 6 DME(s)
This Disease Is Related to 46 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
NOL3 OT1K0L0D Limited Altered Expression [42]
ABR OTZQK8JF moderate Biomarker [43]
ACAA1 OTVKRET0 moderate Biomarker [3]
ACSBG2 OTRPANSO moderate Altered Expression [44]
AFM OTPOR8IO moderate Biomarker [45]
AQP2 OTQLBKK6 moderate Genetic Variation [27]
CHMP2B OTZA7RJB moderate Altered Expression [13]
CLTC OTBFASMA moderate Biomarker [46]
CSH1 OT33HTRR moderate Biomarker [47]
CSH2 OTW8JVAN moderate Biomarker [47]
DMRT1 OT5PU9U1 moderate Altered Expression [13]
EIF2B2 OTQQMHM1 moderate Genetic Variation [48]
ENDOU OTB7OF7Y moderate Altered Expression [49]
ERCC8 OT0T4WKI moderate Biomarker [47]
EXOSC6 OTAC10N6 moderate Altered Expression [49]
FBL OTRODIE5 moderate Biomarker [50]
GGTLC1 OTWJKUHQ moderate Genetic Variation [51]
GTF2A1L OTDQHVAI moderate Biomarker [45]
HADH OTJDOL20 moderate Genetic Variation [52]
HADHB OT4Y1I62 moderate Biomarker [3]
LPIN1 OTQ75KF2 moderate Biomarker [53]
MBOAT7 OTHRCBLK moderate Genetic Variation [51]
NVL OTWTGVTI moderate Genetic Variation [27]
PEX1 OTQJF0V7 moderate Biomarker [54]
PEX6 OTFAK5EF moderate Genetic Variation [55]
PIPOX OTWTCOTN moderate Biomarker [56]
PLIN3 OT9ZA7MR moderate Biomarker [57]
STON1 OT2HPUAI moderate Biomarker [45]
TJP1 OTBDCUPK moderate Altered Expression [58]
ACSBG1 OTM040MW Strong Biomarker [59]
AMN OTS1TJXG Strong Genetic Variation [60]
BCAP31 OTKSACR4 Strong Biomarker [61]
CD1B OT4D5EG7 Strong Genetic Variation [17]
CD1C OT4XINUJ Strong Genetic Variation [17]
ELOVL1 OTIDTQ8R Strong Biomarker [62]
HFE OTDD93KB Strong Genetic Variation [63]
PEX13 OTXUAYEW Strong Biomarker [64]
PIWIL2 OT1PXQIF Strong Genetic Variation [65]
POTEF OTV3WXYE Strong Biomarker [66]
RASGRF2 OT67DAGF Strong Genetic Variation [67]
RHEB OTFLTSEC Strong Biomarker [68]
SNX10 OT05B7BT Strong Biomarker [69]
SRSF4 OTLI7CU1 Strong Biomarker [66]
ABCD1 OT3FL9W0 Definitive X-linked [36]
NCAN OT8OO6ZE Definitive Genetic Variation [70]
PEX26 OT5AM0BM Definitive Biomarker [71]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 46 DOT(s)

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03852498) A Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
2 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
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6 MicroRNA 122, Regulated by GRLH2, Protects Livers of Mice andPatients From Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease.Gastroenterology. 2018 Jan;154(1):238-252.e7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.022. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
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8 Improved analysis of C26:0-lysophosphatidylcholine in dried-blood spots via negative ion mode HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy newborn screening.Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Aug 16;413(15-16):1217-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.026. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
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13 Role of duodenal iron transporters and hepcidin in patients with alcoholic liver disease.J Cell Mol Med. 2014 Sep;18(9):1840-50. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12310. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
14 Genetic Association and Gene-Gene Interaction Reveal Genetic Variations in ADH1B, GSTM1 and MnSOD Independently Confer Risk to Alcoholic Liver Diseases in India.PLoS One. 2016 Mar 3;11(3):e0149843. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149843. eCollection 2016.
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16 Etiology and treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy: new insights from Drosophila.Dis Model Mech. 2018 Jun 15;11(6):dmm031286. doi: 10.1242/dmm.031286.
17 CD1 gene polymorphisms and phenotypic variability in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029872. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
18 DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein suppresses lipogenesis and ameliorates hepatic steatosis and acute-on-chronic liver injury in alcoho... Hepatology. 2018 Aug;68(2):496-514.
19 Involvement and mechanism of DGAT2 upregulation in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease.J Lipid Res. 2010 Nov;51(11):3158-65. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M007948. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
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22 Adreno-leukodystrophy: oxidative stress of mice and men.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005 Dec;64(12):1067-79. doi: 10.1097/01.jnen.0000190064.28559.a4.
23 A 17-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 Variant Protects From Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Alcoholic Liver Disease.Hepatology. 2019 Jul;70(1):231-240. doi: 10.1002/hep.30623. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
24 Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulate in phosphatidylcholine of fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome and acyl-CoA oxidase1 deficiency.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Apr 4;1841(4):610-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.01.001. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
25 Taurine Inhibits Kupffer Cells Activation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Alcoholic Liver Damaged Rats.Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;975 Pt 2:789-800. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_61.
26 Genetic variations and humoral immune responses to myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein in adult phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.J Neuroimmunol. 2003 Feb;135(1-2):148-53. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00445-9.
27 PNPLA3 Association with Alcoholic Liver Disease in a Cohort of Heavy Drinkers.Alcohol Alcohol. 2018 Jul 1;53(4):357-360. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agy007.
28 Linkage of adrenoleukodystrophy to a polymorphic DNA probe.Ann Neurol. 1987 Apr;21(4):349-52. doi: 10.1002/ana.410210406.
29 Roles of cytochrome P4502E1 gene polymorphisms and the risks of alcoholic liver disease: a meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54188. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054188. Epub 2013 Jan 15.
30 PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants as risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma across various etiologies and severity of underlying liver diseases.Int J Cancer. 2019 Feb 1;144(3):533-544. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31910. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
31 Case report of dysregulation of primary bile acid synthesis in a family with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec;97(49):e13353. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013353.
32 The experience of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.Transfus Apher Sci. 2020 Feb;59(1):102583. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.06.019. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
33 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Abcd1 and Abcd2 genes in BV-2 cells: novel microglial models for X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy.Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2019 May;1864(5):704-714. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
34 LXR antagonists induce ABCD2 expression.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Feb;1841(2):259-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.003.
35 Identification of novel SNPs of ABCD1, ABCD2, ABCD3, and ABCD4 genes in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) based on comprehensive resequencing and association studies with ALD phenotypes.Neurogenetics. 2011 Feb;12(1):41-50. doi: 10.1007/s10048-010-0253-6. Epub 2010 Jul 27.
36 Technical standards for the interpretation and reporting of constitutional copy-number variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen). Genet Med. 2020 Feb;22(2):245-257. doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0686-8. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
37 Pharmacological Inhibition of CCR2/5 Signaling Prevents and Reverses Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage, Steatosis, and Inflammation in Mice.Hepatology. 2019 Mar;69(3):1105-1121. doi: 10.1002/hep.30249. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
38 Genetic determinants of ethanol-induced liver damage.Mol Med. 2001 Apr;7(4):255-62.
39 Induction of hepatic 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in patients with alcoholic liver disease.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Jun;68(6):898-903. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03125.x. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
40 CYP4F2 affects phenotypic outcome in adrenoleukodystrophy by modulating the clearance of very long-chain fatty acids.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Oct;1862(10):1861-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
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42 -Arrestin 2 Promotes Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Inhibiting Akt Pathway in Alcoholic Liver Disease.Front Pharmacol. 2018 Sep 19;9:1031. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01031. eCollection 2018.
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48 Vanishing white matter disease caused by EIF2B2 mutation with the presentation of an adrenoleukodystrophy phenotype.Gene. 2012 Apr 1;496(2):141-3. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.047. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
49 Direct effects of alcohol on hepatic fibrinolytic balance: implications for alcoholic liver disease.J Hepatol. 2008 Apr;48(4):614-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.12.015. Epub 2008 Jan 29.
50 Non-invasive diagnosis and biomarkers in alcohol-related liver disease.J Hepatol. 2019 Feb;70(2):273-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.11.025.
51 Single-nucleotide rs738409 polymorphisms in the PNPLA3 gene are strongly associated with alcoholic liver disease in Han Chinese males.Hepatol Int. 2018 Sep;12(5):429-437. doi: 10.1007/s12072-018-9889-3. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
52 Clinical consequences of defects in peroxisomal beta-oxidation.Biochem Soc Trans. 2001 May;29(Pt 2):298-305. doi: 10.1042/0300-5127:0290298.
53 Adipose-specific lipin1 overexpression in mice protects against alcohol-induced liver injury.Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 11;8(1):408. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18837-2.
54 Genetic and clinical aspects of Zellweger spectrum patients with PEX1 mutations.J Med Genet. 2005 Sep;42(9):e58. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.033324.
55 Late-onset Zellweger spectrum disorder caused by PEX6 mutations mimicking X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.Pediatr Neurol. 2014 Aug;51(2):262-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.03.020. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
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57 Plin3 protects against alcoholic liver injury by facilitating lipid export from the endoplasmic reticulum.J Cell Biochem. 2019 Sep;120(9):16075-16087. doi: 10.1002/jcb.28889. Epub 2019 May 22.
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61 Genotype-phenotype correlation of contiguous gene deletions of SLC6A8, BCAP31 and ABCD1.Clin Genet. 2015 Feb;87(2):141-7. doi: 10.1111/cge.12355. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
62 Enzymatic characterization of ELOVL1, a key enzyme in very long-chain fatty acid synthesis.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Feb;1851(2):231-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.005. Epub 2014 Dec 11.
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64 PEX13 is mutated in complementation group 13 of the peroxisome-biogenesis disorders.Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Sep;65(3):621-34. doi: 10.1086/302534.
65 Association between the concurrence of pre-existing chronic liver disease and worse prognosis in patients with an herb- Polygonum multiflorum thunb. induced liver injury: a case-control study from a specialised liver disease center in China.BMJ Open. 2019 Jan 15;9(1):e023567. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023567.
66 Housekeeping gene variability in the liver of alcoholic patients.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012 Feb;36(2):258-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01627.x. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
67 A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the RASGRF2 Gene Is Associated with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis in Men.PLoS One. 2016 Dec 19;11(12):e0168685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168685. eCollection 2016.
68 Dysregulated Autophagy and Lysosome Function Are Linked to Exosome Production by Micro-RNA 155 in Alcoholic Liver Disease.Hepatology. 2019 Dec;70(6):2123-2141. doi: 10.1002/hep.30766. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
69 SNX10 mediates alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis by regulating the activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy.J Hepatol. 2018 Jul;69(1):129-141. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.038. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
70 A common polymorphism in the NCAN gene is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic liver disease.J Hepatol. 2014 Nov;61(5):1073-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.06.006. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
71 Mutations in novel peroxin gene PEX26 that cause peroxisome-biogenesis disorders of complementation group 8 provide a genotype-phenotype correlation. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Aug;73(2):233-46. doi: 10.1086/377004. Epub 2003 Jul 8.