General Information of Drug (ID: DM5UGDK)

Drug Name
Mephenytoin Drug Info
Synonyms
Epiazin; Epilan; Fenantoin; Insulton; Mefenetoin; Mefenitoina; Mephenetoinum; Mephentoin; Mephenytoine; Mephenytoinum; Mesantoin; Mesdontoin; Mesontoin; Methoin; Methylphenetoin; Metydan; Phenantoin; Phenylethylmethylhydantoin; Sacerno; Sedantional; Sedantoin; Sedantoinal; Triantoin; Ydantoin; Methyl Phenetoin; Methyl hydantoin; MU2276000; Gerot-epilan; L-Mephenytoin; Mefenitoina [INN-Spanish]; Mephenytoin [USAN:INN]; Mephenytoine [INN-French]; Mephenytoinum [INN-Latin]; Mesantoin (TN); Phenetoin, Methyl;Mephenytoin (USP/INN); L-3-Methyl-5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin; (+-)-5-Ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin; (+-)-Mephenytoin; (-)-5-Ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin; 3-Ethylnirvanol; 3-Methyl-5, 5-ethylphenylhydantoin; 3-Methyl-5,5-ethylphenylhydantoin; 3-Methyl-5,5-phenylethylhydantoin; 3-Methyl-5-ethyl-5-phenylh; 3-Methyl-5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin; 5 Ethyl 3 Methyl 5 Phenylhydantoin; 5-Ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenyl-2,4(3H,5H)-imidazoledione; 5-Ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; 5-Ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin; 5-Ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylimidazolidin-2,4-dione; 5-Ethyl-5-fenyl-3-methylhydantoin; 5-Ethyl-5-fenyl-3-methylhydantoin [Czech]; 5-ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Anticonvulsants
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
4060
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:6757
CAS Number
CAS 50-12-4
TTD Drug ID
DM5UGDK
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00839
INTEDE Drug ID
DR1025

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Mexiletine DMCTE9R Ventricular tachycardia BC71 Approved [11]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [2]
Disopyramide DM5SYZP Long QT syndrome BC65.0 Approved [11]
LOMERIZINE DME0TC8 Migraine 8A80 Approved [12]
Tetrodotoxin DMWMPRG Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [13]
Dyclonine DMU6OFP Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [14]
Moricizine DMOMBJW Arrhythmia BC9Z Approved [15]
Ethotoin DMXWOCP Complex partial seizure 8A68.0 Approved [16]
Prilocaine DMI7DZ2 Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [14]
Hexylcaine DMEADRK Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [16]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [17]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [18]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [19]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [20]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [21]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [22]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [23]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [24]
Prasterone DM67VKL Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [18]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [8]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [25]
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [26]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [27]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [28]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [29]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [30]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [23]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [31]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [32]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [33]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [34]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [35]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [36]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [21]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [8]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [37]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [38]
Dopamine DMPGUCF Acromegaly 5A60.0 Approved [39]
Nicotine DMWX5CO Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [40]
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [41]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [42]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [43]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [44]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [45]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [46]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [47]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [48]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [49]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [50]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [45]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [51]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [52]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [53]
Phenytoin DMNOKBV Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [51]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [54]
Diazepam DM08E9O Alcohol withdrawal Approved [55]
Methadone DMTW6IU Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [56]
Dapsone DM4LT8A Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [57]
Lidocaine DML4ZOT Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [51]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Cluster headache 8A81.0 Approved [58]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [25]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [59]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [59]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [51]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [60]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [61]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [62]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [59]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [63]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [53]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [64]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [65]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [66]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [51]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [67]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [51]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [68]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [69]
Estrone DM5T6US Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [70]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [71]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [72]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [51]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [73]
Estrone DM5T6US Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [66]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [74]
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [75]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [76]
Nicotine DMWX5CO Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [77]
Phenytoin DMNOKBV Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [78]
Amitriptyline DMK7F9S Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [79]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [85]
Ritonavir DMU764S Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [86]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [87]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Approved [88]
Phenytoin DMNOKBV Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [89]
Clopidogrel DMOL54H Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [90]
Artemisinin DMOY7W3 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [91]
Malathion DMXZ84M Pediculus capitis infestation 1G00.0 Approved [92]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Cluster headache 8A81.0 Approved [93]
Permethrin DMZ0Q1G Pediculus capitis infestation 1G00.0 Approved [94]
⏷ Show the Full List of 20 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Amoxicillin DMUYNEI Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [80]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [64]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [81]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [82]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [51]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [83]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [52]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [71]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [84]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [53]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha Nav1.5 (SCN5A) TTZOVE0 SCN5A_HUMAN Blocker [2]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [3]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Substrate [3]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DEZMWRE CP2CI_HUMAN Substrate [5]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) OTOYO4S7 CP2B6_HUMAN Biotransformations [10]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7223).
2 Lacosamide: a new approach to target voltage-gated sodium currents in epileptic disorders. CNS Drugs. 2009;23(7):555-68.
3 Species differences in stereoselective metabolism of mephenytoin by cytochrome P450 (CYP2C and CYP3A). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993 Jan;264(1):89-94.
4 Ethnic differences in genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP3As and MDR1/ABCB1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2004 Apr;19(2):83-95.
5 Cytochrome P450 metabolic dealkylation of nine N-nitrosodialkylamines by human liver microsomes. Carcinogenesis. 1996 Sep;17(9):2029-34.
6 Cytochromes P450 mediating the N-demethylation of amitriptyline. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Feb;43(2):137-44.
7 Comparison of (S)-mephenytoin and proguanil oxidation in vitro: contribution of several CYP isoforms. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Aug;48(2):158-67.
8 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
9 Evidence that CYP2C19 is the major (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase in humans. Biochemistry. 1994 Feb 22;33(7):1743-52.
10 Evaluation of cytochrome P450 probe substrates commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry to study in vitro drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Dec;30(12):1311-9.
11 Effect of sodium channel blockers on ST segment, QRS duration, and corrected QT interval in patients with Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000 Dec;11(12):1320-9.
12 Medicinal chemistry of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. J Med Chem. 2001 Jan 18;44(2):115-37.
13 Halothane attenuates the cerebroprotective action of several Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers via reversal of their ion channel blockade. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 4;452(2):175-81.
14 Monoamine transporter and sodium channel mechanisms in the rapid pressor response to cocaine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Feb;59(2):305-12.
15 From first class to third class: recent upheaval in antiarrhythmic therapy--lessons from clinical trials. Am J Cardiol. 1996 Aug 29;78(4A):28-33.
16 How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.
17 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
18 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
19 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
20 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
21 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
22 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
23 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
24 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
25 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
26 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase-mediated DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic aromatic amines in human adenocarcinoma colon cells. Mol Carcinog. 2004 Jul;40(3):180-8.
27 Endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen inhibit human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Nov;42(11):1843-50.
28 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):R352-65.
29 PharmGKB summary: pathways of acetaminophen metabolism at the therapeutic versus toxic doses. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2015 Aug;25(8):416-26.
30 The effect of apigenin on pharmacokinetics of imatinib and its metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib in rats. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:789184.
31 The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
32 Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Sep;348(3):332-7.
33 Metabolism and metabolic inhibition of xanthotoxol in human liver microsomes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:5416509.
34 Inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on dextromethorphan-O-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1993;32(6):491-5.
35 Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Oct 22;129(1-2):117-23.
36 CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010 Jan;12(1):7-15.
37 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6: structure-activity studies using a series of quinidine and quinine analogues. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Apr;16(4):450-9.
38 Effects of propofol on human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 activities. Xenobiotica. 1998 Sep;28(9):845-53.
39 Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Spring;97(1):98-106.
40 Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Arch Toxicol. 1999 Mar;73(2):65-70.
41 Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82.
42 Drug related genetic polymorphisms affecting adverse reactions to methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin in patients with urothelial cancer. J Urol. 2008 Dec;180(6):2389-95.
43 Human prostate CYP3A5: identification of a unique 5'-untranslated sequence and characterization of purified recombinant protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jul 14;260(3):676-81.
44 Polymorphisms in cytochrome P4503A5 (CYP3A5) may be associated with race and tumor characteristics, but not metabolism and side effects of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients. Cancer Lett. 2005 Jan 10;217(1):61-72.
45 Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
46 Induction of hepatic CYP2E1 by a subtoxic dose of acetaminophen in rats: increase in dichloromethane metabolism and carboxyhemoglobin elevation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1754-8.
47 Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;36(1):54-8.
48 Clinical pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(9):879-94.
49 Kinetics and regulation of cytochrome P450-mediated etoposide metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Sep;32(9):993-1000.
50 Differential mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 by verapamil. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):664-71.
51 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
52 Diclofenac and its derivatives as tools for studying human cytochromes P450 active sites: particular efficiency and regioselectivity of P450 2Cs. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 26;38(43):14264-70.
53 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
54 Identification of human cytochrome P450s involved in the formation of all-trans-retinoic acid principal metabolites. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;58(6):1341-8.
55 Targeted antipeptide antibodies to cytochrome P450 2C18 based on epitope mapping of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody to P450 2C51. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Feb 15;338(2):157-64.
56 Involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme in the N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Mar;9(2):365-73.
57 CYP2C8/9 mediate dapsone N-hydroxylation at clinical concentrations of dapsone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):865-8.
58 Induction of CYP2C genes in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Mar;29(3):242-51.
59 Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
60 Differential expression and function of CYP2C isoforms in human intestine and liver. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Sep;13(9):565-75.
61 Analysis of human cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate specificity using a substrate pharmacophore and site-directed mutants. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 14;43(49):15379-92.
62 Interaction of sorafenib and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I/II pharmacokinetic interaction study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;68(5):1111-8.
63 PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Jan;24(1):73-9.
64 Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
65 Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. J Chemother. 2006 Aug;18(4):421-4.
66 Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
67 Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Oct;95(40):e5076.
68 Drug interactions with calcium channel blockers: possible involvement of metabolite-intermediate complexation with CYP3A. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):125-30.
69 New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126.
70 A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7.
71 A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
72 Effect of tamoxifen on the enzymatic activity of human cytochrome CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jun;301(3):945-52.
73 Hepatic metabolism of diclofenac: role of human CYP in the minor oxidative pathways. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):787-96.
74 Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):413-425.
75 Drugs that may have potential CYP2B6 interactions.
76 Involvement of human cytochrome P450 2B6 in the omega- and 4-hydroxylation of the anesthetic agent propofol. Xenobiotica. 2007 Jul;37(7):717-24.
77 Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone metabolism by cytochrome P450 2B6. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Dec;33(12):1760-4.
78 PharmGKB summary: phenytoin pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Jun;22(6):466-70.
79 Application of the relative activity factor approach in scaling from heterologously expressed cytochromes p450 to human liver microsomes: studies on amitriptyline as a model substrate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Apr;297(1):326-37.
80 High-dose rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy as the second-line regimen after failure to eradicate H. pylori by triple therapy with the usual doses of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Nov-Dec;50(54):2274-8.
81 Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene. 2006 Mar 13;25(11):1679-91.
82 CYP2C19*17 is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(2):391-6.
83 Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;353(1):116-21.
84 Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33.
85 Cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of new psychoactive substances of the tryptamine class. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Jan 22;241:82-94.
86 Transcriptional profiling suggests that Nevirapine and Ritonavir cause drug induced liver injury through distinct mechanisms in primary human hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Aug 5;255:31-44.
87 Evaluation of gene induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in primary culture of human hepatocytes using high-sensitivity real-time reverse transcription PCR. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2002 May;122(5):339-61.
88 Thalidomide increases human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A enzymes by direct activation of the pregnane X receptor. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Feb 17;27(2):304-308.
89 Human constitutive androstane receptor mediates induction of CYP2B6 gene expression by phenytoin. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 9;279(28):29295-301. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M400580200. Epub 2004 Apr 28.
90 Identification of novel agonists by high-throughput screening and molecular modelling of human constitutive androstane receptor isoform 3. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Aug;93(8):2247-2264. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02495-6. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
91 Antimalarial artemisinin drugs induce cytochrome P450 and MDR1 expression by activation of xenosensors pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;67(6):1954-65.
92 Characterization of human cytochrome P450 induction by pesticides. Toxicology. 2012 Mar 29;294(1):17-26.
93 Species-specific mechanisms for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) regulation by drugs and bile acids. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005 Feb 1;434(1):75-85.
94 Pyrethroids: cytotoxicity and induction of CYP isoforms in human hepatocytes. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2008;23(3-4):211-36.