General Information of Drug (ID: DMDF79Z)

Drug Name
Acetylcholine Drug Info
Synonyms
acetylcholine; Choline acetate; O-Acetylcholine; Acetyl choline ion; Acetylcholinum; 51-84-3; (2-Acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium; Acetyl choline cation; Choline acetate (ester); 2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Ach; Azetylcholin; ethanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-; UNII-N9YNS0M02X; BRN 1764436; CHEBI:15355; Bromoacetylcholine; EINECS 200-128-9; CHEMBL667; N9YNS0M02X; [2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]trimethylazanium; Ethanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl- (9CI); 2-acetyloxyethyl-trimethylazanium; [3H]acetylcholine; Miochol; Miochol-e
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cataract 9B10 Approved [1] , [2]
Therapeutic Class
Cardiovascular Agents
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
187
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:15355
CAS Number
CAS 51-84-3
TTD Drug ID
DMDF79Z
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00070
INTEDE Drug ID
DR0041

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DTP
DME
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Discontinued Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Heroin diacetylmorphine DMDBWHY Neurological disorder 6B60 Approved [9]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Propranolol DM79NTF Migraine 8A80 Approved [10]
Ergotidine DM78IME Respiratory allergy 4A80 Approved [11]
Metformin DM89QE1 Type-2 diabetes 5A11 Approved [12]
Clonidine DM6RZ9Q Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [10]
Entecavir DM7VTQO Hepatitis B virus infection 1E51.0 Approved [13]
Epinephrine DM3KJBC Allergy 4A80-4A85 Approved [11]
Norepinephrine DMOUC09 Sepsis 1G40-1G41 Approved [11]
Amphetamine DMSZQAK Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [14]
Sodium chloride DMM3950 Skin burns ME65.0 Approved [15]
Etilefrine DM67PWD Cardiovascular disease BA00-BE2Z Withdrawn from market [16]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [17]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [18]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [19]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [20]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [21]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [22]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Hepatocellular carcinoma 2C12.02 Approved [23]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [24]
Dopamine DMPGUCF Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Approved [25]
Propranolol DM79NTF Migraine 8A80 Approved [10]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Vitamin B1 DMZ1WXJ Vitamin B1 deficiency 5B5A Approved [26]
Choline DM5D9YK Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [27]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tiotropium DMFDC0Q Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [28]
Darifenacin DMWXLYZ Overactive bladder GC50.0 Approved [29]
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [30]
Clidinium DMUMQZ0 Abdominal stomach pain DD91.4 Approved [31]
Oxybutynin hydrochloride DMF2KLU Urinary incontinence MF50.2 Approved [32]
Incruse ellipta DM32GSJ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [33]
Revefenacin DMMP5SI Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [34]
Scopolamine DMOM8AL Addictive disorder 6C50-6C5Z Approved [35]
Isopropamide iodide DMQYV60 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [36]
SUN-101 DMXNZQK Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Phase 3 [37]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM) TTOXS3C NOUNIPROTAC Agonist [3]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Choline transporter-like protein 4 (SLC44A4) DT8KXR9 CTL4_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (SLC18A3) DT3T2K0 VACHT_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) DT6201N S22A3_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) DTT79CX S22A1_HUMAN Substrate [7]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) Main DME DEQ2BAJ ACES_HUMAN Substrate [8]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 294).
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Thiochrome enhances acetylcholine affinity at muscarinic M4 receptors: receptor subtype selectivity via cooperativity rather than affinity. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;65(1):257-66.
4 Choline transporter-like protein 4 (CTL4) links to non-neuronal acetylcholine synthesis. J Neurochem. 2013 Aug;126(4):451-61.
5 SLC18: Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters for monoamines and acetylcholine. Mol Aspects Med. 2013 Apr-Jun;34(2-3):360-72.
6 Organic cation transporters: physiology, toxicology and special focus on ethidium as a novel substrate. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Jul;10(6):617-31.
7 Role of acetylcholine and polyspecific cation transporters in serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction in the mouse. Respir Res. 2006 Apr 12;7:65.
8 How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.
9 Kinetic characterization of cholinesterases and a therapeutically valuable cocaine hydrolase for their catalytic activities against heroin and its metabolite 6-monoacetylmorphine. Chem Biol Interact. 2018 Sep 25;293:107-114.
10 Influx Transport of Cationic Drug at the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Impact on the Retinal Delivery of Neuroprotectants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1139-1145.
11 Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jun;50(8):941-52.
12 Expression of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1227-40.
13 Multiple SLC and ABC Transporters Contribute to the Placental Transfer of Entecavir. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Mar;45(3):269-278.
14 Interaction of organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) and amphetamine. J Neurochem. 2010 Jul;114(1):142-9.
15 Organic cation transporter 3 (Slc22a3) is implicated in salt-intake regulation. J Neurosci. 2004 Mar 17;24(11):2846-51.
16 Drug specificity and intestinal membrane localization of human organic cation transporters (OCT). Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Dec 5;70(12):1851-60.
17 Are organic cation transporters capable of transporting prostaglandins? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;372(2):125-30.
18 Cisplatin and oxaliplatin, but not carboplatin and nedaplatin, are substrates for human organic cation transporters (SLC22A1-3 and multidrug and toxin extrusion family). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Nov;319(2):879-86.
19 Pharmacologic markers and predictors of responses to imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Apr;49(4):639-42.
20 Organic cation transporters are determinants of oxaliplatin cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 1;66(17):8847-57.
21 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
22 Implications of genetic polymorphisms in drug transporters for pharmacotherapy. Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 8;234(1):4-33.
23 Upregulation of histone acetylation reverses organic anion transporter 2 repression and enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma
24 Comparison of type I and type II organic cation transport by organic cation transporters and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jul;298(1):110-5.
25 Organic cation transporters and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008;23(4):243-53.
26 Molecular identification and functional characterization of the human colonic thiamine pyrophosphate transporter. J Biol Chem. 2017 Oct 6;292(40):16526.
27 SLC44A4 mutation causes autosomal dominant hereditary postlingual non-syndromic mid-frequency hearing loss. Hum Mol Genet. 2017 Jan 15;26(2):383-394.
28 Pharmacological characterization of GSK573719 (umeclidinium): a novel, long-acting, inhaled antagonist of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors for treatment of pulmonary diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 May;345(2):260-70.
29 Characterisation of [3H]-darifenacin as a novel radioligand for the study of muscarinic M3 receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 1997 Jan-May;17(1-3):177-84.
30 Lithocholylcholine, a bile acid/acetylcholine hybrid, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):29-35.
31 Pharmacological comparison of the cloned human and rat M2 muscarinic receptor genes expressed in the murine fibroblast (B82) cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Feb;284(2):500-7.
32 Effects of propiverine hydrochloride (propiverine) on the muscarinic receptor binding affinity in guinea pig tissues and on salivation in conscious dogs. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1999 Mar;113(3):157-66.
33 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of GlaxoSmithKline.
34 2018 FDA drug approvals.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 Feb;18(2):85-89.
35 The amygdala modulates morphine-induced state-dependent memory retrieval via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuroscience. 2009 May 5;160(2):255-63.
36 Competitive and non-competitive antagonism exhibited by 'selective' antagonists at atrial and ileal muscarinic receptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol. 1987 Apr;90(4):701-7.
37 Long-acting bronchodilators in COPD: Where are we now and where are we going Breathe 06/2014; 10(2):110-120.