General Information of Drug (ID: DMKYQWG)

Drug Name
NORHARMANE Drug Info
Synonyms
9H-Pyrido[3,4-B]indole; Norharman; Norharmane; 244-63-3; beta-Carboline; 2,9-Diazafluorene; Carbazoline; 9H-Beta-carboline; 2-Azacarbazole; 9H-Pyrido(3,4-B)indole; .beta.-Carboline; Carbazoline (VAN); b-carboline; beta Carboline; 2H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole; UNII-94HMA1I78O; CCRIS 6915; CHEBI:109895; EINECS 205-959-0; NSC 84417; BRN 0128414; MLS000069651; 94HMA1I78O; CHEMBL275224; AIFRHYZBTHREPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N; Norharman, 98%; SMR000058207; AK-25655; N-8720; N-8700; 244-66-6; SR-01000000213; 9h-; Prestwick_363; Norharmane, 98%; zlchem 7
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [1]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
64961
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:109895
CAS Number
CAS 244-63-3
TTD Drug ID
DMKYQWG

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Ethanol DMDRQZU Chronic pain MG30 Approved [7]
Zolpidem DMWOSKJ Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [8]
Methoxyflurane DML0RAE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [7]
Nitrazepam DMEGIQ6 Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [7]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Depression 6A70-6A7Z approved [9]
Clobazam - Lundbeck DMW1OQ0 Anxiety disorder 6B00-6B0Z Approved [7]
Hexobarbital DMQ314B Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [7]
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE DMEPWYA Muscle spasm MB47.3 Approved [10]
Meprobamate DMHM93Y Anxiety Approved [7]
Zaleplon DMGFWSM Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [11]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Cluster headache 8A81.0 Approved [7]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Depression 6A70-6A7Z approved [12]
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE DMEPWYA Muscle spasm MB47.3 Approved [10]
Clonazepam DMTO13J Absence epilepsy Approved [13]
Piperazine DMTY9LU Ascariasis 1F62 Approved [14]
Alpidem DMN7Y9K Anxiety disorder 6B00-6B0Z Approved [15]
Moxidectin DMYGHX5 Onchocerciasis 1F6A Approved [16]
DP-VPA DMGOXPQ Bipolar disorder 6A60 Approved [17]
ANDROSTERONE DMITJAK N. A. N. A. Phase 3 [12]
ZK-93423 DMFWMKZ Epileptic seizures 8A61-8A6Z Phase 3 [18]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Amine oxidase B (MAOB)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Dopamine DMPGUCF Acromegaly 5A60.0 Approved [19]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [20]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [21]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [22]
Selegiline DM6034S Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Approved [23]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [24]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [25]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [26]
BENZYL BENZOATE DMDPYI5 Infestations of lice and scabies 1G00.Z Approved [27]
Linezolid DMGFPU2 Bacteremia 1A73 Approved [28]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Amine oxidase A (MAOA)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [20]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [21]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [29]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [30]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [31]
Selegiline DM6034S Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Approved [32]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [33]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [25]
Clorgyline DMCEUJD Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Approved [34]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [26]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [35]
Cimetidine DMH61ZB Acid-reflux disorder DA22 Approved [36]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [36]
Ranitidine DM0GUSX Gastric ulcer DA60 Approved [37]
Lamivudine DMI347A Chronic HBV infection 1E51.0Z Approved [38]
Famotidine DMRL3AB Gastric ulcer DA60 Approved [37]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [39]
Trospium chloride DM32XZT Discovery agent N.A. Approved [40]
Phenoxybenzamine DM8KSQH Malignant essential hypertension BA00 Approved [41]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [42]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Phenoxybenzamine DM8KSQH Malignant essential hypertension BA00 Approved [41]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [35]
Trospium chloride DM32XZT Discovery agent N.A. Approved [40]
Ranitidine DM0GUSX Gastric ulcer DA60 Approved [43]
Lamivudine DMI347A Chronic HBV infection 1E51.0Z Approved [38]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [39]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [44]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [45]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [46]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Approved [39]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Epinephrine DM3KJBC Acute asthma CA23 Approved [47]
Ergotidine DM78IME Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [47]
Norepinephrine DMOUC09 Alopecia ED70 Approved [47]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [48]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [21]
Phenoxybenzamine DM8KSQH Malignant essential hypertension BA00 Approved [41]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [25]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [42]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Prostate cancer 2C82.0 Approved [49]
Mifepristone DMGZQEF Cushing disease 5A70 Approved [50]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Catalase (CAT)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [51]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [52]
Haloperidol DM96SE0 Delirium Approved [53]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [54]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [55]
Methimazole DM25FL8 Hyperthyroidism 5A02 Approved [56]
Citalopram DM2G9AE Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [57]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [58]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [59]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [21]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [60]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [58]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [61]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [62]
Cidofovir DMA13GD Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [63]
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Breast carcinoma Approved [64]
Floxuridine DM04LR2 Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [65]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [66]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [67]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [68]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [69]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [70]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [71]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [72]
Citalopram DM2G9AE Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [73]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [74]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [73]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [75]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [76]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [77]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [78]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [79]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [80]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [51]
TECFIDERA DM2OVDT Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Approved [81]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [82]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [83]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [84]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [85]
Rofecoxib DM3P5DA Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [86]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Caspase-3 (CASP3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [87]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [88]
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [89]
Cidofovir DMA13GD Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [63]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [90]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [91]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [92]
Mannitol DMSCDY9 Bronchiectasis CA24 Approved [93]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [94]
Aprepitant DM053KT Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [95]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Caspase-7 (CASP7)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [96]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [97]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [98]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [99]
Spironolactone DM2AQ5N Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [100]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [100]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [20]
Dactinomycin DM2YGNW Adult kidney Wilms tumor Approved [101]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [102]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [103]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Caspase-9 (CASP9)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [104]
Mannitol DMSCDY9 Bronchiectasis CA24 Approved [105]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [69]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [106]
Leuprorelin acetate DM15HAT Prostate cancer 2C82.0 Approved [107]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [108]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [72]
Meloxicam DM2AR7L Arthritis FA20 Approved [109]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [110]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [111]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [112]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [113]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [97]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [51]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [114]
TECFIDERA DM2OVDT Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Approved [115]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [83]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [84]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [21]
Furazolidone DM3P6V7 Diarrhea ME05.1 Approved [116]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1) TT1MPAY GBRA1_HUMAN Inhibitor [2]
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GAR) TTNJYV2 NOUNIPROTAC Inhibitor [2]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Amine oxidase A (MAOA) OT8NIWMQ AOFA_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [3]
Amine oxidase B (MAOB) OTTDFM1O AOFB_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Caspase-7 (CASP7) OTAPJ040 CASP7_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Catalase (CAT) OTHEBX9R CATA_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [6]
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) OTZGGIVK NQO1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) OT0HENJ5 NF2L2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [5]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 8222).
2 Synthesis of novel 3-substituted beta-carbolines as benzodiazepine receptor ligands: probing the benzodiazepine receptor pharmacophore. J Med Chem. 1988 Sep;31(9):1854-61.
3 Monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity in tobacco particulate matter: Are harman and norharman the only physiologically relevant inhibitors? Neurotoxicology. 2017 Mar;59:22-26.
4 Inhibition of the bioactivation of the neurotoxin MPTP by antioxidants, redox agents and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Aug;49(8):1773-81.
5 Heterocyclic aromatic amines induce Neuro-2a cells cytotoxicity through oxidative stress-mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signals. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Oct;168:113376. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113376. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
6 Identification of environmental chemicals that activate p53 signaling after in vitro metabolic activation. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):1975-1987. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03291-5. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
7 DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6.
8 Zolpidem, a selective GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunit agonist, induces comparable Fos expression in oxytocinergic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular and accessory but not supraoptic nuclei in the rat.Brain Res Bull.2006 Dec 11;71(1-3):200-7.
9 Neurosteroid analogues. 10. The effect of methyl group substitution at the C-6 and C-7 positions on the GABA modulatory and anesthetic actions of (... J Med Chem. 2005 Apr 21;48(8):3051-9.
10 3-demethoxy-3-glycosylaminothiocolchicines: Synthesis of a new class of putative muscle relaxant compounds. J Med Chem. 2006 Sep 7;49(18):5571-7.
11 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
12 Neurosteroid analogues. 11. Alternative ring system scaffolds: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor modulation and anesthetic actions of benz[f]indenes. J Med Chem. 2006 Jul 27;49(15):4595-605.
13 Glutamate- and GABA-based CNS therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006 Feb;6(1):7-17.
14 Cyclooctadepsipeptides--an anthelmintically active class of compounds exhibiting a novel mode of action. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2003 Sep;22(3):318-31.
15 Synthesis and binding affinity of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine derivatives for both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. A new se... J Med Chem. 1997 Sep 12;40(19):3109-18.
16 2018 FDA drug approvals.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 Feb;18(2):85-89.
17 DP-VPA D-Pharm. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Jun;3(6):921-3.
18 Structural requirements for agonist actions at the benzodiazepine receptor: studies with analogues of 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carbolin... J Med Chem. 1990 Mar;33(3):1062-9.
19 Inhibition potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites on the in vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO)-catalyzed deamination of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Jan 22;243:48-55.
20 Functional gene expression profile underlying methotrexate-induced senescence in human colon cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2011 Oct;32(5):965-76.
21 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
22 Molecular Insights into Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibition by the Glitazone Anti-Diabetes Drugs. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2011 Oct 15;3(1):39-42.
23 Chromone, a privileged scaffold for the development of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2011 Jul 28;54(14):5165-73.
24 Identification of vitamin D3 target genes in human breast cancer tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2016 Nov;164:90-97.
25 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
26 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
27 Combining initro and in silico approaches to evaluate the multifunctional profile of rosmarinic acid from Blechnum brasiliense on targets related to neurodegeneration. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Jul 25;254:135-45.
28 Nonclinical Evaluation of Antibacterial Oxazolidinones Contezolid and Contezolid Acefosamil with Low Serotonergic Neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 May 17;34(5):1348-1354. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00524. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
29 Effects of ciglitazone and troglitazone on the proliferation of human stomach cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan 21;15(3):310-20.
30 Phenotypic characterization of retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by transcriptional profiling. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63862.
31 Comparative gene expression analysis of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line resistant to cyclophosphamide using oligonucleotide arrays and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leuk Res. 2007 Nov;31(11):1511-20.
32 Characterizing fucoxanthin as a selective dopamine D(3)/D(4) receptor agonist: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Sep 1;310:108757. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108757. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
33 Arsenic suppresses gene expression in promyelocytic leukemia cells partly through Sp1 oxidation. Blood. 2005 Jul 1;106(1):304-10.
34 Synthesis and study of a series of 3-arylcoumarins as potent and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2011 Oct 27;54(20):7127-37.
35 Involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the cytotoxicity of corannulene and its derivatives. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Mar 15;321:114-121. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.012. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
36 Ameliorative effects of SLC22A2 gene polymorphism 808 G/T and cimetidine on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Chinese cancer patients. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Jul;50(7):2289-93. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.077. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
37 A species difference in the transport activities of H2 receptor antagonists by rat and human renal organic anion and cation transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Oct;315(1):337-45.
38 Transport of lamivudine [(-)-beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine] and high-affinity interaction of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with human organic cation transporters 1, 2, and 3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Apr;329(1):252-61. doi: 10.1124/jpet.108.146225. Epub 2009 Jan 13.
39 Interactions of human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):534-9.
40 Expression of drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes in the bladder urothelium in man and affinity of the bladder spasmolytic trospium chloride to transporters likely involved in its pharmacokinetics. Mol Pharm. 2015 Jan 5;12(1):171-8.
41 Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36.
42 Gene Expression Regulation and Pathway Analysis After Valproic Acid and Carbamazepine Exposure in a Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Assay. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Aug;146(2):311-20. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv094. Epub 2015 May 15.
43 Differential substrate and inhibitory activities of ranitidine and famotidine toward human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1; SLC22A1), hOCT2 (SLC22A2), and hOCT3 (SLC22A3). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Dec;315(3):1288-97.
44 Transcriptomic analysis of untreated and drug-treated differentiated HepaRG cells over a 2-week period. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 25;30(1 Pt A):27-35.
45 Transcriptional and Metabolic Dissection of ATRA-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation in NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):2423. doi: 10.3390/cells9112423.
46 The pregnane X receptor down-regulates organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) in human hepatocytes by competing for ("squelching") SRC-1 coactivator. Br J Pharmacol. 2016 May;173(10):1703-15. doi: 10.1111/bph.13472. Epub 2016 Apr 8.
47 Selective transport of monoamine neurotransmitters by human plasma membrane monoamine transporter and organic cation transporter 3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Dec;335(3):743-53. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.170142. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
48 Time series analysis of oxidative stress response patterns in HepG2: a toxicogenomics approach. Toxicology. 2013 Apr 5;306:24-34.
49 LSD1 activates a lethal prostate cancer gene network independently of its demethylase function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 May 1;115(18):E4179-E4188.
50 Mifepristone induced progesterone withdrawal reveals novel regulatory pathways in human endometrium. Mol Hum Reprod. 2007 Sep;13(9):641-54.
51 Gypenosides protect retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Feb;112:76-85.
52 Role of antioxidant systems in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Prostate. 2000 May 1;43(2):144-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(20000501)43:2<144::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-h.
53 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
54 Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human HT-29 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells: Different Mechanisms of THC, CBD, and CB83. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 1;21(15):5533. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155533.
55 Selenium deficiency alters epithelial cell morphology and responses to influenza. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Jun 15;42(12):1826-37.
56 Hepatocellular peroxisomes in human alcoholic and drug-induced hepatitis: a quantitative study. Hepatology. 1991 Nov;14(5):811-7.
57 Antioxidant enzyme and malondialdehyde values in social phobia before and after citalopram treatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004 Aug;254(4):231-5.
58 The contribution of methotrexate exposure and host factors on transcriptional variance in human liver. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jun;97(2):582-94.
59 The effect of statins on lipids peroxidation and activities of antioxidants enzymes in patients with dyslipidemia. Przegl Lek. 2006;63(9):738-42.
60 p53-R175H mutant gains new function in regulation of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Int J Cancer. 2005 Apr 10;114(3):331-6. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20818.
61 Azidothymidine and cisplatin increase p14ARF expression in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 1;216(1):89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.04.015. Epub 2006 May 19.
62 Quantitative analysis of gene expression changes in response to genotoxic compounds. Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Mar;39:15-28. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 5.
63 Induction of apoptosis by cidofovir in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cells. Oncol Res. 2000;12(9-10):397-408. doi: 10.3727/096504001108747855.
64 Gallic acid potentiates the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin via overexpression of Bax and P53 on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2021 Feb;35(2):e22638. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22638. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
65 Regulation of human dUTPase gene expression and p53-mediated transcriptional repression in response to oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(1):78-95. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn910. Epub 2008 Nov 16.
66 Role of miRNA in the regulation of cannabidiol-mediated apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget. 2019 Jan 1;10(1):45-59. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.26534. eCollection 2019 Jan 1.
67 Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2022 Apr 18;35(4):636-650. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00420. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
68 Fulvestrant induces resistance by modulating GPER and CDK6 expression: implication of methyltransferases, deacetylases and the hSWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex. Br J Cancer. 2013 Nov 12;109(10):2751-62. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.583. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
69 Cannabidiol enhances cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 26;10(1):20622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77674-y.
70 Evidence of securin-mediated resistance to gefitinib-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Apr 25;203(2):412-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.03.011. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
71 Cigarette smoke and asbestos activate poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in alveolar epithelial cells. J Investig Med. 2001 Jan;49(1):68-76. doi: 10.2310/6650.2001.34092.
72 Apoptotic signaling pathways induced by nitric oxide in human lymphoblastoid cells expressing wild-type or mutant p53. Cancer Res. 2004 May 1;64(9):3022-9. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1880.
73 The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, and citalopram induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells via caspase-3 activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 1999;13(6):338-47. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1999)13:6<338::aid-jbt8>3.0.co;2-7.
74 Ciprofloxacin mediated cell growth inhibition, S/G2-M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in a human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cell line. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Mar;6(3):891-900.
75 Investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of colchicine against PC3 prostate cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Jun;73:105138. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105138. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
76 Sulindac enhances adenoviral vector expressing mda-7/IL-24-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 Feb;4(2):291-304.
77 Methotrexate induces poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent, caspase 3-independent apoptosis in subsets of proliferating CD4+ T cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 May;148(2):288-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03335.x. Epub 2007 Feb 7.
78 Transcriptomics hit the target: monitoring of ligand-activated and stress response pathways for chemical testing. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 25;30(1 Pt A):7-18.
79 Functional cardiotoxicity assessment of cosmetic compounds using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jan;92(1):371-381.
80 Cannabidiol induces antioxidant pathways in keratinocytes by targeting BACH1. Redox Biol. 2020 Jan;28:101321. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101321. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
81 Enhanced cytotoxicity of bioreductive antitumor agents with dimethyl fumarate in human glioblastoma cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2005 Feb;16(2):167-74.
82 Growth-suppressive effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on 11 colon-cancer cell lines and fluorescence differential display of genes whose expression is influenced by sulindac. Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 15;88(6):873-80. doi: 10.1002/1097-0215(20001215)88:6<873::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-b.
83 Simvastatin protects dopaminergic neurons against MPP+-induced oxidative stress and regulates the endogenous anti-oxidant system through ERK. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;51(4):1957-1968.
84 P450 3A-catalyzed O-dealkylation of lapatinib induces mitochondrial stress and activates Nrf2. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 May 16;29(5):784-96.
85 Induction of human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene expression by the flavonol quercetin. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Feb 3;119(1):49-57.
86 Rofecoxib modulates multiple gene expression pathways in a clinical model of acute inflammatory pain. Pain. 2007 Mar;128(1-2):136-47.
87 Different apoptosis ratios and gene expressions in two human cell lines after sevoflurane anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Oct;53(9):1192-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02036.x. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
88 [Mechanisms underlying the effect of arsenic trioxide on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in myeloma cell line u266]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Oct;15(5):982-5.
89 Lovastatin lactone elicits human lung cancer cell apoptosis via a COX-2/PPAR-dependent pathway. Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 1;7(9):10345-62. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7213.
90 Comparison of burst of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase-3 in apoptosis of K562 and HL-60 cells induced by docetaxel. Cancer Lett. 2004 Oct 8;214(1):103-13. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.03.047.
91 Induction of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase confers resistance to apoptosis in acute myeloblastic leukaemia cells exposed to etoposide. Br J Haematol. 2000 Mar;108(3):574-81. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01852.x.
92 Cisplatin-enhanced sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme U251 cells to adenovirus-delivered TRAIL in vitro. Tumour Biol. 2010 Dec;31(6):613-22. doi: 10.1007/s13277-010-0077-x. Epub 2010 Jul 11.
93 Insulin-like growth factor I is the key growth factor in serum that protects neuroblastoma cells from hyperosmotic-induced apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 2000 Jan;182(1):24-32. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200001)182:1<24::AID-JCP3>3.0.CO;2-6.
94 mRNA expression analysis of a variety of apoptosis-related genes, including the novel gene of the BCL2-family, BCL2L12, in HL-60 leukemia cells after treatment with carboplatin and doxorubicin. Biol Chem. 2004 Nov;385(11):1099-103. doi: 10.1515/BC.2004.143.
95 Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) inhibition sensitizes APL cells to anti-tumor effect of arsenic trioxide via restriction of NF-B axis: Shedding new light on resistance to Aprepitant. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Oct;103:105-114. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.010. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
96 Cannabidiol Effectively Promoted Cell Death in Bladder Cancer and the Improved Intravesical Adhesion Drugs Delivery Strategy Could Be Better Used for Treatment. Pharmaceutics. 2021 Sep 7;13(9):1415. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091415.
97 Sertraline induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic cells. Toxicology. 2014 Aug 1;322:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.05.007. Epub 2014 May 24.
98 A model to identify novel targets involved in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells by RNA interference. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Feb;24(1):310-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.008. Epub 2009 Aug 23.
99 Nitric oxide inhibits execution of apoptosis at two distinct ATP-dependent steps upstream and downstream of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 29;258(1):215-21. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0491.
100 Palmitate increases the susceptibility of cells to drug-induced toxicity: an in vitro method to identify drugs with potential contraindications in patients with metabolic disease. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Oct;129(2):346-62. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs208. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
101 Response rate of fibrosarcoma cells to cytotoxic drugs on the expression level correlates to the therapeutic response rate of fibrosarcomas and is mediated by regulation of apoptotic pathways. BMC Cancer. 2005 Jul 7;5:74. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-74.
102 Simvastatin induces apoptosis and alters cytoskeleton in endometrial stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jul;95(7):3453-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0072. Epub 2010 Apr 28.
103 The involvement of hepatic cytochrome P450s in the cytotoxicity of lapatinib. Toxicol Sci. 2023 Dec 21;197(1):69-78. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad099.
104 Lovastatin induces apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and de novo protein synthesis. Endocrinology. 2003 Sep;144(9):3852-9. doi: 10.1210/en.2003-0098.
105 Insulin-like growth factor I prevents mannitol-induced degradation of focal adhesion kinase and Akt. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 26;277(30):27393-400. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M201963200. Epub 2002 May 14.
106 Inhibition of caspase-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition protects airway epithelial cells against mustard-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2006 Sep;11(9):1545-59. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-8764-1.
107 Effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists on apoptosis of granulosa cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 May;1042:531-7. doi: 10.1196/annals.1338.065.
108 The effects of quercetin in cultured human RPE cells under oxidative stress and in Ccl2/Cx3cr1 double deficient mice. Exp Eye Res. 2010 Jul;91(1):15-25.
109 Inhibiting AKT signaling pathway with cilostazol and meloxicam synergism for suppressing K562 cells in vitro. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2022 Nov;36(11):e23185. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23185. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
110 Ciprofloxacin induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer. 2002 Feb 1;86(3):443-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600079.
111 Colchicine-induced apoptosis in human normal liver L-02 cells by mitochondrial mediated pathways. Toxicol In Vitro. 2012 Aug;26(5):649-55. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.01.024. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
112 Gingival Stromal Cells as an In Vitro Model: Cannabidiol Modulates Genes Linked With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Cell Biochem. 2017 Apr;118(4):819-828. doi: 10.1002/jcb.25757. Epub 2016 Nov 28.
113 Protective role of HO-1 for alcohol-dependent liver damage. Dig Dis. 2010;28(6):792-8. doi: 10.1159/000324287. Epub 2011 Apr 27.
114 Selenium and vitamin E: cell type- and intervention-specific tissue effects in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 4;101(5):306-20.
115 Distinct Nrf2 Signaling Mechanisms of Fumaric Acid Esters and Their Role in Neuroprotection against 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Experimental Parkinson's-Like Disease. J Neurosci. 2016 Jun 8;36(23):6332-51. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0426-16.2016.
116 P21(Waf1/Cip1) plays a critical role in furazolidone-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through influencing the caspase-3 activation and ROS generation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Feb;88:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.004. Epub 2015 Dec 11.