Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMPRI8G)

Drug Name

Buprenorphine Drug Info

Synonyms

Buprel; Buprenex; Buprenophine; Buprenorfina; Buprenorphinum; Probuphine; Temgesic; Buprenorphine Hcl; RX 6029M; Buprenex (TN); Buprenorfina [INN-Spanish]; Buprenorphine [INN:BAN]; Buprenorphinum [INN-Latin]; Subutex (TN); Temgesic (TN); Buprenorphine (JAN/INN); RX-6029-M; Suboxone (TN); [5alpha,7alpha(S)]-17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol; (-)-buprenorphine; (5alpha,6beta,14beta,18R)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-18-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6-(methyloxy)-18,19-dihydro-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethenomorphinan-3-ol; (5alpha,6beta,14beta,18R)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-18-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-6-methoxy-18,19-dihydro-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethenomorphinan-3-ol; 17-Cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-7alpha-((S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-3-ol; 17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-7alpha-((S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-3-ol; 2-(N-Cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-7alpha-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol; 2-(N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-6alpha-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol; 21-(Cyclopropyl-7alpha-((S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine; 21-cyclopropyl-7alpha-(2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine; 21-cyclopropyl-7alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine; 6,14-Ethenomorphinan-7-methanol; 6,14-Ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-, (alphaS,5alpha,7alpha)-(9CI); 6029-M

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Opioid dependence	6C43.2Z	Approved	[1]
Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[2]
Psychiatric disorder	6E8Z	Phase 3	[3]
Migraine	8A80	Phase 2	[4]
Chronic pain	MG30	Investigative	[1]

Therapeutic Class

Analgesics

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 644073
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:3216
CAS Number: CAS 52485-79-7
TTD Drug ID: DMPRI8G
INTEDE Drug ID: DR0246
ACDINA Drug ID: D00082

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule Type:

DTT

DME

DOT

Drug Status:

Approved Drug(s)

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Drug(s) Targeting Opioid receptor mu (MOP)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Morphine	DMRMS0L	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[16]
Hydromorphone	DMHP21E	Back pain	ME84.Z	Approved	[17]
Tapentadol hydrochloride	DMXLSH3	Acute pain	MG31	Approved	[18]
Fentanyl	DM8WAHT	Analgesia	MB40.8	Approved	[19]
Alfentanil	DMVO0UB	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[20]
Naloxegol	DML0B41	Opioid-induced constipation	DB32.1	Approved	[21]
Eluxadoline	DMYZ0P1	Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.01	Approved	[22]
Nalfurafine hcl	DMA9DHW	Uremic pruritus	EC90.10	Approved	[23]
Oxycodone	DMXLKHV	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[24]
Methylnaltrexone bromide	DMZTGN2	Opioid-induced constipation	DB32.1	Approved	[18]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[25]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[26]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[27]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[28]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[29]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[30]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[31]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[32]
Prasterone	DM67VKL	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[26]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[8]
Eplerenone	DMF0NQR	Heart failure	BD10-BD13	Approved	[85]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[86]
Isotretinoin	DM4QTBN	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[87]
Voriconazole	DMAOL2S	Aspergillosis	1F20	Approved	[88]
Proguanil	DMBL79I	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[89]
Ivermectin	DMDBX5F	Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite	1F6B	Approved	[89]
Loratadine	DMF3AN7	Allergy	4A80-4A85	Approved	[90]
Nelfinavir mesylate	DMFX6G8	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[91]
Capsaicin	DMGMF6V	Back pain	ME84.Z	Approved	[92]
Axitinib	DMGVH6N	Renal cell carcinoma	2C90	Approved	[93]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[33]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[34]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[35]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[36]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[37]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[38]
Mycophenolate mofetil	DMPQAGE	Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma		Approved	[39]
Metronidazole	DMTIVEN	Abscess		Approved	[40]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[41]
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Chronic pain	MG30	Approved	[42]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[43]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[44]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[45]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[29]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[8]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[46]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[47]
Dopamine	DMPGUCF	Acromegaly	5A60.0	Approved	[48]
Nicotine	DMWX5CO	Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[49]
Propranolol	DM79NTF	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[50]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[94]
Paliperidone	DM7NPJS	Psychotic disorder	6A20-6A25	Approved	[95]
Dopamine	DMPGUCF	Acromegaly	5A60.0	Approved	[96]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[97]
Oxatomide	DM1F42Z	Hay fever	CA08.00	Approved	[98]
Cinacalcet	DMCX0K3	Hyperparathyroidism	5A51	Approved	[99]
Capsaicin	DMGMF6V	Back pain	ME84.Z	Approved	[100]
Pentamidine	DMHZJCG	African trypanosomiasis	1F51	Approved	[89]
Quinidine	DMLPICK	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[101]
Methadone	DMTW6IU	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[102]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[51]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[52]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[53]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[54]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[55]
Sulfasalazine	DMICA9H	Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	Approved	[56]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[57]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[58]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[59]
Sorafenib	DMS8IFC	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[54]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[60]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[54]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[54]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[54]
Prasterone	DM67VKL	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[61]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[62]
Sorafenib	DMS8IFC	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[54]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[54]
Irinotecan	DMP6SC2	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[54]
Metronidazole	DMTIVEN	Abscess		Approved	[63]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[61]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[64]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[65]
Phenytoin	DMNOKBV	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[61]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[66]
Diazepam	DM08E9O	Alcohol withdrawal		Approved	[67]
Methadone	DMTW6IU	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[68]
Dapsone	DM4LT8A	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[69]
Lidocaine	DML4ZOT	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[61]
Phenobarbital	DMXZOCG	Cluster headache	8A81.0	Approved	[70]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Fluorouracil	DMUM7HZ	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[71]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[72]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[72]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[61]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[73]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[74]
Sorafenib	DMS8IFC	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[75]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[72]
Mycophenolate mofetil	DMPQAGE	Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma		Approved	[76]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[65]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[77]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[78]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[79]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[61]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[80]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[61]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[81]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[82]
Estrone	DM5T6US	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[83]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[84]
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Drug(s) Affected By Interleukin-4 (IL4)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Dexamethasone	DMMWZET	Acute adrenal insufficiency		Approved	[103]
Imiquimod	DM1TMA3	Alopecia areata	ED70.2	Approved	[104]
Tolnaftate	DM28MU7	Dermatophytosis	1F28.2	Approved	[105]
Ribavirin	DMEYLH9	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E51.1	Approved	[106]
Salicyclic acid	DM2F8XZ	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[107]
Prednisone	DM2HG4X	Acute asthma	CA23	Approved	[108]
Ciprofloxacin XR	DM2NLS9	Acute gonococcal cervicitis		Approved	[109]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[110]
Simvastatin	DM30SGU	Arteriosclerosis	BD40	Approved	[111]
Cladribine	DM3JDRP	Hairy cell leukaemia	2A82.2	Approved	[112]
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Drug(s) Affected By Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[113]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[114]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[115]
Sertraline	DM0FB1J	Coronary heart disease	BA80.Z	Approved	[116]
Beta-carotene	DM0RXBT	Vitamin deficiency	5B55-5B71	Approved	[117]
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[118]
Secobarbital	DM14RF5	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[119]
Gefitinib	DM15F0X	Colon adenocarcinoma		Approved	[120]
Fexofenadine	DM17ONX	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[121]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[122]
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Drug(s) Affected By Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Chronic pain	MG30	Approved	[123]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[114]
Carvedilol	DMHTEAO	Chronic heart failure	BD1Z	Approved	[124]
Paclitaxel	DMLB81S	Breast carcinoma		Approved	[125]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[126]
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[113]
Urokinase	DM0GOUD	Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Approved	[127]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[128]
Sertraline	DM0FB1J	Coronary heart disease	BA80.Z	Approved	[116]
Beta-carotene	DM0RXBT	Vitamin deficiency	5B55-5B71	Approved	[117]
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Drug(s) Affected By Interleukin-2 (IL2)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Sirolimus	DMGW1ID	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[127]
Imiquimod	DM1TMA3	Alopecia areata	ED70.2	Approved	[104]
Ribavirin	DMEYLH9	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E51.1	Approved	[106]
Colchicine	DM2POTE	Acute gout flare	FA25.0	Approved	[129]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[130]
Naloxone	DM3FXMA	Narcotic depression	6A7Z	Approved	[131]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[132]
Marinol	DM70IK5	Anorexia nervosa cachexia	6B80	Approved	[133]
Fentanyl	DM8WAHT	Analgesia	MB40.8	Approved	[14]
Calcitriol	DM8ZVJ7	Congenital alopecia	LC30	Approved	[134]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Download the Complete Interaction Atlas for Visualization in Cytoscape

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Opioid receptor mu (MOP)	TTKWM86	OPRM_HUMAN	Agonist	[5]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)^{Main DME}	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)^{Main DME}	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18)	DEZMWRE	CP2CI_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	OTZJC802	CP2D6_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[13]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[13]
Interleukin-2 (IL2)	OTGI4NSA	IL2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[14]
Interleukin-4 (IL4)	OTOXBWAU	IL4_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[14]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Post-Translational Modifications	[14]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Post-Translational Modifications	[14]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	OTH1C8OJ	UD11_HUMAN	Biotransformations	[15]

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References

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2	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1670).
3	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02510014) Safety and Tolerability Study of Depot Buprenorphine in Treatment Seeking Subjects With Opioid Use Disorder.
4	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00941304) Study of BEMA Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Dental Pain. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
5	Buprenorphine is a weak partial agonist that inhibits opioid receptor desensitization. J Neurosci. 2009 Jun 3;29(22):7341-8.
6	Drug interactions of clinical importance among the opioids, methadone and buprenorphine, and other frequently prescribed medications: a review. Am J Addict. 2010 Jan-Feb;19(1):4-16.
7	Effect of nonspecific binding to microsomes and metabolic elimination of buprenorphine on the inhibition of cytochrome P4502D6. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Feb;28(2):212-6.
8	Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
9	Contribution of the different UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms to buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine metabolism and relationship with the main UGT polymorphisms in a bank of human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Jan;38(1):40-5.
10	Buprenorphine pharmacology review: update on transmucosal and long-acting formulations. J Addict Med. 2019 Mar/Apr;13(2):93-103.
11	Buprenorphine in cancer pain. Support Care Cancer. 2005 Nov;13(11):878-87.
12	In vitro metabolism study of buprenorphine: evidence for new metabolic pathways. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):689-95.
13	Interaction of buprenorphine and its metabolite norbuprenorphine with cytochromes p450 in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jun;31(6):768-72.
14	opioid receptor agonist-selective regulation of interleukin-4 in T lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol. 2013 Oct 15;263(1-2):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
15	The effect of incubation conditions on the enzyme kinetics of udp-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jun;31(6):762-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.31.6.762.
16	Antianalgesia: stereoselective action of dextro-morphine over levo-morphine on glia in the mouse spinal cord.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2005 Sep;314(3):1101-8.
17	Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of signaturerx.
18	2008 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Feb;8(2):93-6.
19	The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
20	Concentration-effect relationship of intravenous alfentanil and ketamine on peripheral neurosensory thresholds, allodynia and hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2001 Mar;91(1-2):177-87.
21	2014 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Feb;14(2):77-81.
22	Molecular characterization of eluxadoline as a potential ligand targeting mu-delta opioid receptor heteromers.Biochem Pharmacol.2014 Dec 1;92(3):448-56.
23	Drug design and synthesis of a novel kappa opioid receptor agonist with an oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane skeleton and its pharmacology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Jan 1;20(1):121-4.
24	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 319).
25	Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
26	Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
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