Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DME8FZ9)

• Drug Name: Methoxsalen
• Synonyms: Ammodin; Ammoidin; Deltasoralen; Dermox; Geroxalen; Meladinin; Meladinina; Meladinine; Meladoxen; Meloxine; Methoxalen; Methoxaten; Oxoralen; Oxsoralen; Oxypsoralen; Puvalen; Puvamet; Ultramop; Uvadex; XANTHOTOXIN; Xanthotoxine; Zanthotoxin; Boehringer Ingelheim Brand of Methoxsalen; Canderm Brand of Methoxsalen; Chinoin Brand of Methoxsalen; DB Brand of Methoxsalen; Delta Brand of Methoxsalen; Dermatech Brand of Methoxsalen; Galderma Brand of Methoxsalen; Methoxa Dome; Methoxsalen Canderm Brand; Methoxsalen Chinoin Brand; Methoxsalen Delta Brand; Methoxsalen Dermatech Brand; Methoxsalen plus ultraviolet radiation; Mex America Brand of Methoxsalen; Oxsoralen Ul tra; Oxsoralen Ultra; Oxsoralen lotion; Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Methoxsalen; Ultra Mop; Ultramop Lotion; ICN Brand 1 of Methoxsalen; ICN Brand 2 of Methoxsalen; ICN Brand 3 of Methoxsalen; X0009; An 8-methoxyfurocoumarin; Meladinin (VAN); Methoxa-Dome; Methoxsalen Mex-America Brand; Methoxsalen Sanofi-Synthelabo Brand; Methoxsalen [BAN:JAN]; Methoxsalen with ultra-violet A theraphy; Mex-America Brand of Methoxsalen; New-Meladinin; O-methylxanthotoxol; OXSORALEN (TN); Oxsoralen (TN); Oxsoralen-ultra; Proralone-mop; Psoralen-mop; Psoralon-MOP; Sanofi-Synthelabo Brand of Methoxsalen; Methoxsalen (JP15/USP); Methoxy-8-psoralen; 5-Benzofuranacrylic acid, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-, .delta.-lactone; 5-Benzofuranacrylic acid, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-, delta-lactone; 6-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-benzofuranacrylic acid delta-lactone; 7-Furocoumarin; 8 Methoxypsoralen; 8-METHOXYPSORALEN + UVA (SEE ALSO C55903); 8-MOP; 8-Methoxy; 8-Methoxy(furano-3'.2':6.7-coumarin); 8-Methoxy-(furano-3'.2':6.7-coumarin); 8-Methoxy-2',3',6,7-furocoumarin; 8-Methoxy-4',5',6,7-furocoumarin; 8-Methoxy-4',5':6,7-furocoumarin; 8-Methoxy-[furano-3'.2':6.7-coumarin]; 8-Methoxyfuranocoumarin; 8-Methoxypsoralen; 8-Methoxypsoralen with ultraviolet A therapy; 8-Methoxypsoralene; 8-methoxyfuranocoumarins; 8-methoxyfurocoumarins; 8MO; 8MOP; 9-(methyloxy)-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo(3,2-g)benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one; 9-Methoxyfuro(3,2-g)chromen-7-one; 9-Methoxyfuro[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxypsoralen; 9-metho xy-7H-furo(3,2-g)benzopyran-7-one; 9-methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	2B01	Approved	[1]
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Psoriasis vulgaris	EA90	Approved	[1]

• Therapeutic Class: Anticancer Agents
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 216.19
  Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp); 1.9
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 1
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 0
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 4
• ADMET Property:
  BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [3]
  Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 12 mL/min/kg [4]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2 hours [4]
  Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.09% [4]
  Vd: Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.61 L/kg [4]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C12H8O4
  IUPAC Name: 9-methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one
  Canonical SMILES: COC1=C2C(=CC3=C1OC=C3)C=CC(=O)O2
  InChI: InChI=1S/C12H8O4/c1-14-12-10-8(4-5-15-10)6-7-2-3-9(13)16-11(7)12/h2-6H,1H3
  InChIKey: QXKHYNVANLEOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 4114
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:18358
  CAS Number: 298-81-7
  DrugBank ID: DB00553
  TTD ID: D08SKH
  VARIDT ID: DR00920
  INTEDE ID: DR1047
• Repurposed Drugs (RPD): Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)	TTAQ6ZW	CP2A6_HUMAN	Binder	[5]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)	DEJVYAZ	CP2A6_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX)	OTAW0V4V	BAX_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2)	OTJSIGV5	MRP2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[9]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 (ABCC3)	OTC3IJV4	MRP3_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[10]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[9]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[9]
Caspase-8 (CASP8)	OTA8TVI8	CASP8_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Methoxsalen (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tretinoin.	Acne vulgaris [ED80]	[11]
Isotretinoin	DM4QTBN	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Isotretinoin.	Acne vulgaris [ED80]	[11]
Methyl aminolevulinate	DMIUX3D	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Methyl aminolevulinate.	Acne vulgaris [ED80]	[11]
Sarecycline	DMLZNIQ	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sarecycline .	Acne vulgaris [ED80]	[11]
Trifarotene	DMOL793	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trifarotene.	Acne vulgaris [ED80]	[11]
Aminolevulinic acid hci	DMS4BLQ	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Aminolevulinic acid hci.	Acne vulgaris [ED80]	[11]
Tolazamide	DMIHRNA	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tolazamide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[11]
Glipizide	DMZA5PQ	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Glipizide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[11]
Voriconazole	DMAOL2S	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Voriconazole.	Aspergillosis [1F20]	[11]
Trovafloxacin	DM6AN32	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trovafloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Sulfamethoxazole	DMB08GE	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulfamethoxazole.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Sparfloxacin	DMB4HCT	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sparfloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Gemifloxacin	DMHT34O	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Gemifloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Norfloxacin	DMIZ6W2	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Norfloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Hexachlorophene	DMLKSE0	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Hexachlorophene.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Oxytetracycline	DMOVH1M	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Oxytetracycline.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Omadacycline	DMR2J95	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Omadacycline.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Levofloxacin	DMS60RB	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Levofloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Minocycline	DMVN5OH	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Minocycline.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Lomefloxacin	DMVRH9C	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Lomefloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Tetracycline	DMZA017	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tetracycline.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[11]
Lapatinib	DM3BH1Y	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Lapatinib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[11]
Demeclocycline	DMZEPFJ	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Demeclocycline.	Bronchitis [CA20]	[11]
Ketoprofen	DMRKXPT	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Ketoprofen.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[11]
Panitumumab	DMQPD1F	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Panitumumab.	Colorectal cancer [2B91]	[11]
PMID28870136-Compound-49	DMTUC9E	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by PMID28870136-Compound-49 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Discovery agent [N.A.]	[12]
Ethacrynic acid	DM60QMR	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Ethacrynic acid.	Essential hypertension [BA00]	[11]
Benzthiazide	DMQWZ0H	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Benzthiazide.	Essential hypertension [BA00]	[11]
Avapritinib	DMK2GZX	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Avapritinib.	Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B]	[11]
Acetazolamide	DM1AF5U	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Acetazolamide.	Glaucoma [9C61]	[11]
Chlorothiazide	DMLHESP	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Chlorothiazide.	Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z]	[11]
Furosemide	DMMQ8ZG	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Furosemide.	Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z]	[11]
Bumetanide	DMRV7H0	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Bumetanide.	Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z]	[11]
Hydroflumethiazide	DMVPUQI	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Hydroflumethiazide.	Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z]	[11]
Simeprevir	DMLUA9D	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Simeprevir.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[11]
Tipranavir	DM8HJX6	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tipranavir.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[11]
Indapamide	DMGN1PW	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Indapamide.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[11]
Trichlormethiazide	DMHAQCO	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trichlormethiazide.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[11]
Hydrochlorothiazide	DMUSZHD	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Hydrochlorothiazide.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[11]
Pirfenidone	DM6VZFQ	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Pirfenidone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis [CB03]	[13]
TP-434	DM5A31S	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and TP-434.	Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [1A40]	[11]
Ramelteon	DM7IW9J	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Ramelteon mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[14]
Propiomazine	DMKY8V1	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Propiomazine.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[11]
Alosetron	DML2A03	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Alosetron mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91]	[15]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Methotrexate.	Leukaemia [2A60-2B33]	[11]
Porfimer Sodium	DM7ZWNY	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Porfimer Sodium.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[16]
Alectinib	DMP1I6Y	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Alectinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[11]
BIBW 2992	DMTKD7Q	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and BIBW 2992.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[11]
Sulphadoxine	DMZI2UF	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulphadoxine.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[11]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Vemurafenib.	Melanoma [2C30]	[11]
Dabrafenib	DMX6OE3	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Dabrafenib.	Melanoma [2C30]	[11]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Imatinib.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[11]
Promethazine	DM6I5GR	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Promethazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[11]
Polythiazide	DMCH80F	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Polythiazide.	Oedema [MG29]	[11]
Valdecoxib	DMAY7H4	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Valdecoxib.	Osteoarthritis [FA00-FA05]	[11]
Naproxen	DMZ5RGV	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Naproxen.	Osteoarthritis [FA00-FA05]	[11]
Ibuprofen	DM8VCBE	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Ibuprofen.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[11]
Rasagiline	DM3WKQ4	Major	Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Rasagiline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[11]
Bicalutamide	DMZMSPF	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Bicalutamide.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[11]
Tazarotene	DM8SMD1	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tazarotene.	Psoriasis [EA90]	[11]
Levomepromazine	DMIKFEL	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Levomepromazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[11]
Fluphenazine	DMIT8LX	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Fluphenazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[11]
Gatifloxacin	DMSL679	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Gatifloxacin.	Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z]	[11]
Flurbiprofen	DMGN4BY	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Flurbiprofen.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[11]
Sulfasalazine	DMICA9H	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulfasalazine.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[11]
Fenoprofen	DML5VQ0	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Fenoprofen.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[11]
Mesoridazine	DM2ZGAN	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Mesoridazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[11]
Thioridazine	DM35M8J	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Thioridazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[11]
Perphenazine	DMA4MRX	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Perphenazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[11]
Trifluoperazine	DMKBYWI	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trifluoperazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[11]
Tigecycline	DMLE7IO	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tigecycline.	Skin and skin-structure infection [1F28-1G0Z]	[11]
Imiquimod	DM1TMA3	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Imiquimod.	Skin cancer [2C30-2C37]	[11]
Vandetanib	DMRICNP	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Vandetanib.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[11]
Tizanidine	DMR2IQ4	Major	Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Tizanidine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[17]
Tolbutamide	DM02AWV	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tolbutamide.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11]	[11]
Chlorpropamide	DMPHZQE	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Chlorpropamide.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11]	[11]
Cinoxacin	DM4EWNS	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Cinoxacin.	Urinary tract infection [GC08]	[11]
Sulfamethizole	DMGCHDS	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulfamethizole.	Urinary tract infection [GC08]	[11]
Nalidixic acid	DMRM0JV	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Nalidixic acid.	Urinary tract infection [GC08]	[11]
Methdilazine	DMAUHQX	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Methdilazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[11]
Trimeprazine	DMEMV9D	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trimeprazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[11]
Amiodarone	DMUTEX3	Moderate	Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Amiodarone.	Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71]	[11]

References

• [1] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009048.
• [2] Methoxsalen FDA Label
• [3] BDDCS predictions, self-correcting aspects of BDDCS assignments, BDDCS assignment corrections, and classification for more than 175 additional drugs
• [4] Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
• [5] Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of methoxsalen plus UV-A. Arch Dermatol. 1984 May;120(5):662-9.
• [6] Photochemotherapeutic agent 8-methoxypsoralen induces cytochrome P450 3A4 and carboxylesterase HCE2: evidence on an involvement of the pregnane X receptor. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jan;95(1):13-22.
• [7] Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of artemisinin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;48(4):528-35.
• [8] Down regulation of differentiated embryonic chondrocytes 1 (DEC1) is involved in 8-methoxypsoralen-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Toxicology. 2012 Nov 15;301(1-3):58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.022. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
• [9] ABC-transporter blockage mediated by xanthotoxin and bergapten is the major pathway for chemosensitization of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 15;337:22-29. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.018. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
• [10] Adaptive homeostasis of the vitamin D-vitamin D nuclear receptor axis in 8-methoxypsoralen-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Jan 1;362:150-158. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.002. Epub 2018 Nov 10.
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• [12] Magnusson M, Bergstrand IC, Bjorkman S, Heijl A, Roth B, Hoglund P "A placebo-controlled study of retinal blood flow changes by pentoxifylline and metabolites in humans." Br J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2006): 138-47. [PMID: 16433868]
• [13] Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
• [14] Product Information. Rozerem (ramelteon). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
• [15] Product Information. Lotronex (alosetron). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
• [16] Blakely KM, Drucker AM, Rosen CF "Drug-induced photosensitivity-an update: Culprit drugs, prevention and management." Drug Saf 42 (2019): 827-47. [PMID: 30888626]
• [17] Granfors MT, Backman JT, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ "Tizanidine is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro." Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 (2004): 349-53. [PMID: 14998432]