General Information of Drug (ID: DME8FZ9)

Drug Name
Methoxsalen
Synonyms
Ammodin; Ammoidin; Deltasoralen; Dermox; Geroxalen; Meladinin; Meladinina; Meladinine; Meladoxen; Meloxine; Methoxalen; Methoxaten; Oxoralen; Oxsoralen; Oxypsoralen; Puvalen; Puvamet; Ultramop; Uvadex; XANTHOTOXIN; Xanthotoxine; Zanthotoxin; Boehringer Ingelheim Brand of Methoxsalen; Canderm Brand of Methoxsalen; Chinoin Brand of Methoxsalen; DB Brand of Methoxsalen; Delta Brand of Methoxsalen; Dermatech Brand of Methoxsalen; Galderma Brand of Methoxsalen; Methoxa Dome; Methoxsalen Canderm Brand; Methoxsalen Chinoin Brand; Methoxsalen Delta Brand; Methoxsalen Dermatech Brand; Methoxsalen plus ultraviolet radiation; Mex America Brand of Methoxsalen; Oxsoralen Ul tra; Oxsoralen Ultra; Oxsoralen lotion; Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Methoxsalen; Ultra Mop; Ultramop Lotion; ICN Brand 1 of Methoxsalen; ICN Brand 2 of Methoxsalen; ICN Brand 3 of Methoxsalen; X0009; An 8-methoxyfurocoumarin; Meladinin (VAN); Methoxa-Dome; Methoxsalen Mex-America Brand; Methoxsalen Sanofi-Synthelabo Brand; Methoxsalen [BAN:JAN]; Methoxsalen with ultra-violet A theraphy; Mex-America Brand of Methoxsalen; New-Meladinin; O-methylxanthotoxol; OXSORALEN (TN); Oxsoralen (TN); Oxsoralen-ultra; Proralone-mop; Psoralen-mop; Psoralon-MOP; Sanofi-Synthelabo Brand of Methoxsalen; Methoxsalen (JP15/USP); Methoxy-8-psoralen; 5-Benzofuranacrylic acid, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-, .delta.-lactone; 5-Benzofuranacrylic acid, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-, delta-lactone; 6-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-benzofuranacrylic acid delta-lactone; 7-Furocoumarin; 8 Methoxypsoralen; 8-METHOXYPSORALEN + UVA (SEE ALSO C55903); 8-MOP; 8-Methoxy; 8-Methoxy(furano-3'.2':6.7-coumarin); 8-Methoxy-(furano-3'.2':6.7-coumarin); 8-Methoxy-2',3',6,7-furocoumarin; 8-Methoxy-4',5',6,7-furocoumarin; 8-Methoxy-4',5':6,7-furocoumarin; 8-Methoxy-[furano-3'.2':6.7-coumarin]; 8-Methoxyfuranocoumarin; 8-Methoxypsoralen; 8-Methoxypsoralen with ultraviolet A therapy; 8-Methoxypsoralene; 8-methoxyfuranocoumarins; 8-methoxyfurocoumarins; 8MO; 8MOP; 9-(methyloxy)-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo(3,2-g)benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one; 9-Methoxyfuro(3,2-g)chromen-7-one; 9-Methoxyfuro[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one; 9-Methoxypsoralen; 9-metho xy-7H-furo(3,2-g)benzopyran-7-one; 9-methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 2B01 Approved [1], [2]
Psoriasis vulgaris EA90 Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Anticancer Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 216.19
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 1.9
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 4
ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [3]
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 12 mL/min/kg [4]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2 hours [4]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.09% [4]
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.61 L/kg [4]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C12H8O4
IUPAC Name
9-methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one
Canonical SMILES
COC1=C2C(=CC3=C1OC=C3)C=CC(=O)O2
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H8O4/c1-14-12-10-8(4-5-15-10)6-7-2-3-9(13)16-11(7)12/h2-6H,1H3
InChIKey
QXKHYNVANLEOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
4114
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:18358
CAS Number
298-81-7
DrugBank ID
DB00553
TTD ID
D08SKH
VARIDT ID
DR00920
INTEDE ID
DR1047

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) TTAQ6ZW CP2A6_HUMAN Binder [5]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Methoxsalen (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Tretinoin DM49DUI Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tretinoin. Acne vulgaris [ED80] [24]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Isotretinoin. Acne vulgaris [ED80] [24]
Methyl aminolevulinate DMIUX3D Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Methyl aminolevulinate. Acne vulgaris [ED80] [24]
Sarecycline DMLZNIQ Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sarecycline . Acne vulgaris [ED80] [24]
Trifarotene DMOL793 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trifarotene. Acne vulgaris [ED80] [24]
Aminolevulinic acid hci DMS4BLQ Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Aminolevulinic acid hci. Acne vulgaris [ED80] [24]
Tolazamide DMIHRNA Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tolazamide. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [24]
Glipizide DMZA5PQ Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Glipizide. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [24]
Voriconazole DMAOL2S Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Voriconazole. Aspergillosis [1F20] [24]
Trovafloxacin DM6AN32 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trovafloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Sulfamethoxazole DMB08GE Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulfamethoxazole. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Sparfloxacin DMB4HCT Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sparfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Gemifloxacin DMHT34O Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Gemifloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Norfloxacin DMIZ6W2 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Norfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Hexachlorophene DMLKSE0 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Hexachlorophene. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Oxytetracycline DMOVH1M Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Oxytetracycline. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Omadacycline DMR2J95 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Omadacycline. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Levofloxacin DMS60RB Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Levofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Minocycline DMVN5OH Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Minocycline. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Lomefloxacin DMVRH9C Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Lomefloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Tetracycline DMZA017 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tetracycline. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [24]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Lapatinib. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [24]
Demeclocycline DMZEPFJ Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Demeclocycline. Bronchitis [CA20] [24]
Ketoprofen DMRKXPT Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Ketoprofen. Chronic pain [MG30] [24]
Panitumumab DMQPD1F Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Panitumumab. Colorectal cancer [2B91] [24]
PMID28870136-Compound-49 DMTUC9E Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by PMID28870136-Compound-49 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Discovery agent [N.A.] [25]
Ethacrynic acid DM60QMR Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Ethacrynic acid. Essential hypertension [BA00] [24]
Benzthiazide DMQWZ0H Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Benzthiazide. Essential hypertension [BA00] [24]
Avapritinib DMK2GZX Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Avapritinib. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B] [24]
Acetazolamide DM1AF5U Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Acetazolamide. Glaucoma [9C61] [24]
Chlorothiazide DMLHESP Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Chlorothiazide. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [24]
Furosemide DMMQ8ZG Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Furosemide. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [24]
Bumetanide DMRV7H0 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Bumetanide. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [24]
Hydroflumethiazide DMVPUQI Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Hydroflumethiazide. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [24]
Simeprevir DMLUA9D Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Simeprevir. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [24]
Tipranavir DM8HJX6 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tipranavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [24]
Indapamide DMGN1PW Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Indapamide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [24]
Trichlormethiazide DMHAQCO Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trichlormethiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [24]
Hydrochlorothiazide DMUSZHD Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Hydrochlorothiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [24]
Pirfenidone DM6VZFQ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Pirfenidone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis [CB03] [26]
TP-434 DM5A31S Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and TP-434. Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [1A40] [24]
Ramelteon DM7IW9J Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Ramelteon mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [27]
Propiomazine DMKY8V1 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Propiomazine. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [24]
Alosetron DML2A03 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Alosetron mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91] [28]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Methotrexate. Leukaemia [2A60-2B33] [24]
Porfimer Sodium DM7ZWNY Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Porfimer Sodium. Lung cancer [2C25] [29]
Alectinib DMP1I6Y Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Alectinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [24]
BIBW 2992 DMTKD7Q Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and BIBW 2992. Lung cancer [2C25] [24]
Sulphadoxine DMZI2UF Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulphadoxine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [24]
Vemurafenib DM62UG5 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Vemurafenib. Melanoma [2C30] [24]
Dabrafenib DMX6OE3 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Dabrafenib. Melanoma [2C30] [24]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Imatinib. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [24]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [24]
Polythiazide DMCH80F Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Polythiazide. Oedema [MG29] [24]
Valdecoxib DMAY7H4 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Valdecoxib. Osteoarthritis [FA00-FA05] [24]
Naproxen DMZ5RGV Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Naproxen. Osteoarthritis [FA00-FA05] [24]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Ibuprofen. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [24]
Rasagiline DM3WKQ4 Major Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Rasagiline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Parkinsonism [8A00] [24]
Bicalutamide DMZMSPF Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Bicalutamide. Prostate cancer [2C82] [24]
Tazarotene DM8SMD1 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tazarotene. Psoriasis [EA90] [24]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [24]
Fluphenazine DMIT8LX Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Fluphenazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [24]
Gatifloxacin DMSL679 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Gatifloxacin. Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z] [24]
Flurbiprofen DMGN4BY Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Flurbiprofen. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [24]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulfasalazine. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [24]
Fenoprofen DML5VQ0 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Fenoprofen. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [24]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Mesoridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [24]
Thioridazine DM35M8J Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Thioridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [24]
Perphenazine DMA4MRX Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Perphenazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [24]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trifluoperazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [24]
Tigecycline DMLE7IO Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tigecycline. Skin and skin-structure infection [1F28-1G0Z] [24]
Imiquimod DM1TMA3 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Imiquimod. Skin cancer [2C30-2C37] [24]
Vandetanib DMRICNP Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Vandetanib. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [24]
Tizanidine DMR2IQ4 Major Decreased metabolism of Methoxsalen caused by Tizanidine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [30]
Tolbutamide DM02AWV Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Tolbutamide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11] [24]
Chlorpropamide DMPHZQE Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Chlorpropamide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11] [24]
Cinoxacin DM4EWNS Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Cinoxacin. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [24]
Sulfamethizole DMGCHDS Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Sulfamethizole. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [24]
Nalidixic acid DMRM0JV Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Nalidixic acid. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [24]
Methdilazine DMAUHQX Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Methdilazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [24]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [24]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Methoxsalen and Amiodarone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [24]
⏷ Show the Full List of 82 DDI Information of This Drug

References

1 FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009048.
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 BDDCS predictions, self-correcting aspects of BDDCS assignments, BDDCS assignment corrections, and classification for more than 175 additional drugs
4 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
5 Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of methoxsalen plus UV-A. Arch Dermatol. 1984 May;120(5):662-9.
6 Photochemotherapeutic agent 8-methoxypsoralen induces cytochrome P450 3A4 and carboxylesterase HCE2: evidence on an involvement of the pregnane X receptor. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jan;95(1):13-22.
7 Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of artemisinin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;48(4):528-35.
8 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
9 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
10 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
11 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
12 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
13 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
14 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
15 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
16 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
17 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
18 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
19 Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9.
20 Psychotropic drug interactions with valproate. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005 Mar-Apr;28(2):96-101.
21 The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2-hydroxymetronidazole: CYP2A6 is the high affinity (low Km) catalyst. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep;41(9):1686-94.
22 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
23 CYP2A6- and CYP2A13-catalyzed metabolism of the nicotine delta-5'(1')iminium ion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Nov;343(2):307-15.
24 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
25 Magnusson M, Bergstrand IC, Bjorkman S, Heijl A, Roth B, Hoglund P "A placebo-controlled study of retinal blood flow changes by pentoxifylline and metabolites in humans." Br J Clin Pharmacol 61 (2006): 138-47. [PMID: 16433868]
26 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
27 Product Information. Rozerem (ramelteon). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
28 Product Information. Lotronex (alosetron). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
29 Blakely KM, Drucker AM, Rosen CF "Drug-induced photosensitivity-an update: Culprit drugs, prevention and management." Drug Saf 42 (2019): 827-47. [PMID: 30888626]
30 Granfors MT, Backman JT, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ "Tizanidine is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro." Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 (2004): 349-53. [PMID: 14998432]