Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS5YNZB)

Disease Name	Sickle-cell anaemia
Synonyms	Haemoglobin S disease; Hemoglobin S disease; HbS disease; drepanocytosis; Hb-S/Hb-C disease; Sickle Cell Disease; haemoglobin SC disease; Hemoglobin S disease without crisis; sickle cell anemia; sickle cell disease; sickling disorder due to Hemoglobin S; Hb SC disease; sickling disorder due to Haemoglobin S; hemoglobin SC disease; Haemoglobin S disease without crisis; sickle-cell/Hb-C disease without crisis; Hb-SS disease without crisis
Disease Class	3A51: Sickle-cell disorder
Definition	Sickle cell anemias are chronic hemolytic diseases that may induce three types of acute accidents: severe anemia, severe bacterial infections, and ischemic vasoocclusive accidents (VOA) caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells obstructing small blood vessels and capillaries. Many diverse complications can occur.
Disease Hierarchy	DISCPWH9: Autosomal recessive disease DISGK35P: Inherited hemoglobinopathy DIS5YNZB: Sickle-cell anaemia
ICD Code	ICD-11 ICD-11: 3A51 ICD-10 ICD-10: D57.1 Expand ICD-11 '3A51.1 Expand ICD-10 'D57.1 Expand ICD-9 2.80E+17
Disease Identifiers	MONDO ID MONDO_0011382 MESH ID D000755 UMLS CUI C0002895 OMIM ID 603903 MedGen ID 287 Orphanet ID 232 SNOMED CT ID 127040003

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Cetiedil	DMSQOHN	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Hydroxyurea	DMOQVU9	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 4 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
NiCord	DMTSURO	Phase 3	NA	[3]
MP-4-CO	DM486HL	Phase 2	NA	[4]
TRF-1101	DM7ZT42	Phase 2	NA	[5]
CSL200	DMCJXUD	Phase 1	Gene therapy	[6]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Discontinued Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
ANGX-3227	DMIEO4B	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[7]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 63 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ACKR1	TTKY2NS	Limited	Biomarker	[8]
ADORA2B	TTNE7KG	Limited	Biomarker	[9]
AVPR1A	TT4TFGN	Limited	Genetic Variation	[10]
CAD	TT2YT1K	Limited	Biomarker	[11]
CD1A	TTBGTFN	Limited	Altered Expression	[12]
CDA	TTQ12RK	Limited	Biomarker	[13]
CHIT1	TTDYX6T	Limited	Altered Expression	[14]
CHM	TTOA18V	Limited	Biomarker	[15]
CLCN7	TTST1AJ	Limited	Biomarker	[16]
CTSC	TT4H0V2	Limited	Biomarker	[17]
DHODH	TTLVP78	Limited	Biomarker	[11]
DLL3	TT1C9K6	Limited	Biomarker	[18]
DRD3	TT4C8EA	Limited	Genetic Variation	[19]
FDPS	TTIKWV4	Limited	Biomarker	[20]
FES	TTLBY21	Limited	Biomarker	[20]
HEXA	TTJI5JW	Limited	Genetic Variation	[21]
HMOX1	TTI6V2A	Limited	Genetic Variation	[22]
KCNN4	TT7M9I6	Limited	Biomarker	[23]
LCAT	TTGZ91P	Limited	Altered Expression	[24]
LIPG	TTHSZXO	Limited	Biomarker	[25]
LTB	TTHQ6US	Limited	Altered Expression	[26]
MFGE8	TT1GLAJ	Limited	Biomarker	[27]
MYH2	TTBIL13	Limited	Biomarker	[28]
NPPB	TTY63XT	Limited	Biomarker	[29]
OAT	TTTSCQ2	Limited	Genetic Variation	[30]
P2RY6	TTNVSKA	Limited	Biomarker	[31]
RYR1	TTU5CIX	Limited	Genetic Variation	[32]
SCN2A	TTLJTUF	Limited	Genetic Variation	[33]
SERPIND1	TT8XSKJ	Limited	Altered Expression	[34]
SLC14A1	TTWVJU1	Limited	Genetic Variation	[35]
SLCO1A2	TTUGD21	Limited	Biomarker	[36]
SPTBN1	TTS9BDA	Limited	Biomarker	[37]
TIE1	TTT4236	Limited	Biomarker	[38]
TRPA1	TTELV3W	Limited	Genetic Variation	[39]
UMPS	TTAFJUD	Limited	Biomarker	[11]
ADRA1D	TT34BHT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[40]
APOL1	TTDB8PW	Strong	Genetic Variation	[41]
ATP2A2	TTE6THL	Strong	Genetic Variation	[40]
CACNA1C	TTZIFHC	Strong	Biomarker	[42]
CD34	TTZAVYN	Strong	Biomarker	[43]
F2	TT6L509	Strong	Genetic Variation	[44]
F3	TT38MDJ	Strong	Altered Expression	[45]
G6PD	TTKN8W0	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
HAMP	TTRV5YJ	Strong	Biomarker	[47]
HBA2	TTQO71U	Strong	Genetic Variation	[48]
HBB	TTM6HK1	Strong	Autosomal recessive	[49]
HP	TTLC8E1	Strong	Biomarker	[50]
MBL2	TTMQDZ5	Strong	Altered Expression	[51]
NFE2L2	TTA6ZN2	Strong	Biomarker	[38]
PDE5A	TTJ0IQB	Strong	Altered Expression	[52]
PGF	TT48I1Y	Strong	Biomarker	[53]
RHD	TTLCKI8	Strong	Genetic Variation	[54]
SCD	TT6RIOV	Strong	Biomarker	[55]
SELE	TT1PL7M	Strong	Altered Expression	[56]
SELP	TTE5VG0	Strong	Altered Expression	[57]
SLC12A4	TTJ8C67	Strong	Biomarker	[58]
UGT1A1	TT34ZAF	Strong	Genetic Variation	[59]
VCAM1	TTHCEF6	Strong	Altered Expression	[38]
VWF	TT3SZBT	Strong	Biomarker	[60]
ADAMTS13	TTUREBK	Definitive	Altered Expression	[61]
CAPN1	TT1WBIJ	Definitive	Biomarker	[62]
GCH1	TTLSWP6	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[63]
MBTPS1	TTNSM2I	Definitive	Altered Expression	[64]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 63 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 2 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC35A2	DT0567K	Limited	Genetic Variation	[65]
ABCC6	DT582KR	Strong	Biomarker	[66]
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This Disease Is Related to 14 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ABO	DESIA7R	Limited	Biomarker	[67]
ACP5	DESITDW	Limited	Biomarker	[68]
ALAS2	DE437BY	Limited	Genetic Variation	[69]
CYB5R3	DE4A3BL	Limited	Biomarker	[70]
PON3	DETXQZ1	Limited	Genetic Variation	[71]
UGT2B7	DEB3CV1	Limited	Genetic Variation	[72]
UGT1A10	DEL5N6Y	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
UGT1A3	DEF2WXN	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
UGT1A4	DELOY3P	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
UGT1A5	DEPF954	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
UGT1A6	DESD26P	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
UGT1A7	DEZO4N3	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
UGT1A8	DE2GB8N	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
UGT1A9	DE85D2P	Strong	Genetic Variation	[73]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 14 DME(s)

This Disease Is Related to 76 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ADCY9	OT1IZT5K	Limited	Genetic Variation	[74]
AKAP1	OTIIB2JB	Limited	Biomarker	[75]
APOA5	OTEVKLVA	Limited	Genetic Variation	[76]
ATP2B4	OTMWFDAC	Limited	Biomarker	[77]
BEAN1	OT0WLH27	Limited	Biomarker	[78]
BRAP	OTB7BAFQ	Limited	Biomarker	[79]
CBX3	OTOP9RLD	Limited	Altered Expression	[80]
CD1B	OT4D5EG7	Limited	Altered Expression	[12]
CD1C	OT4XINUJ	Limited	Altered Expression	[12]
CDH23	OTOJGQ7S	Limited	Genetic Variation	[81]
CEBPZ	OT11BATG	Limited	Biomarker	[82]
CLDN15	OT9K0KI7	Limited	Altered Expression	[83]
CLDN3	OT71MN9S	Limited	Altered Expression	[83]
CPLANE1	OTXGGNNB	Limited	Biomarker	[84]
CPVL	OTOJL31C	Limited	Biomarker	[85]
DMRT2	OTA39QNR	Limited	Genetic Variation	[86]
FUCA2	OTY5NVMJ	Limited	Genetic Variation	[87]
FUT1	OTODG57A	Limited	Genetic Variation	[88]
GALNT13	OT650121	Limited	Biomarker	[9]
GTF2I	OTUYL1TQ	Limited	Biomarker	[89]
GZMM	OTEC5CWT	Limited	Biomarker	[86]
HOPX	OTBSR6C9	Limited	Biomarker	[16]
IMPA1	OTBUVW1Z	Limited	Biomarker	[79]
INSIG1	OTZF5X1D	Limited	Genetic Variation	[90]
KLF1	OT1FK08U	Limited	Genetic Variation	[91]
KLF10	OT4F4UGS	Limited	Genetic Variation	[92]
KLRC3	OT9EPHV3	Limited	Genetic Variation	[93]
KRT12	OTFOWNH2	Limited	Biomarker	[94]
LFNG	OTPSUBN2	Limited	Genetic Variation	[95]
LPCAT1	OTCV7AGV	Limited	Biomarker	[96]
LPCAT3	OTWI96P4	Limited	Biomarker	[96]
LRSAM1	OTOKWR6C	Limited	Biomarker	[97]
MAP6	OTPUI00F	Limited	Genetic Variation	[98]
MESP2	OT7H4LYA	Limited	Biomarker	[99]
MIPEP	OTB2IHCT	Limited	Genetic Variation	[100]
MPIG6B	OTVNKQWA	Limited	Genetic Variation	[101]
NANOS1	OT3UNZZY	Limited	Biomarker	[102]
OXCT1	OT536PE7	Limited	Genetic Variation	[103]
PIEZO1	OTBG1FU4	Limited	Biomarker	[104]
PROZ	OTI3TXBE	Limited	Genetic Variation	[105]
PRRX2	OT8UR4AU	Limited	Biomarker	[106]
PSMA7	OTPHI6ST	Limited	Biomarker	[43]
RIPPLY2	OTDEEDLH	Limited	Biomarker	[86]
RSPH1	OT3MR73R	Limited	Biomarker	[107]
SKA2	OTVYF4XT	Limited	Altered Expression	[108]
SPIN1	OT69VAOX	Limited	Biomarker	[89]
SPRR2A	OT62ZU6B	Limited	Genetic Variation	[109]
SPTA1	OT1YMP65	Limited	Biomarker	[110]
TALDO1	OTDKV2S2	Limited	Biomarker	[97]
TBX6	OTW1Q8RM	Limited	Biomarker	[111]
TK2	OTS1V4XB	Limited	Biomarker	[78]
ARAP1	OTINOJJ7	Strong	Genetic Variation	[112]
BCAM	OTHZOPSD	Strong	Biomarker	[113]
GABPA	OT9YB2SA	Strong	Biomarker	[38]
HBA1	OTW2BQF4	Strong	Genetic Variation	[48]
HBB	OT514IKQ	Strong	Autosomal recessive	[49]
HBE1	OTJPKMX4	Strong	Genetic Variation	[114]
HPX	OT14T7Q1	Strong	Biomarker	[115]
ICAM4	OT1BI27E	Strong	Biomarker	[116]
MCC	OTQVI1EM	Strong	Genetic Variation	[117]
MUC4	OTLT11V1	Strong	Genetic Variation	[77]
NPRL3	OTS4HE8E	Strong	Genetic Variation	[114]
OR51B5	OTQ1MHRJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[114]
OR51I2	OTGMVBPC	Strong	Genetic Variation	[114]
RABEP1	OTQROTGT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[77]
RAPGEF5	OT53VS75	Strong	Biomarker	[118]
RHCE	OTS18IZ5	Strong	Genetic Variation	[54]
SAR1A	OTSSRVGV	Strong	Biomarker	[119]
SORCS2	OTBF3DYK	Strong	Genetic Variation	[77]
ADCY6	OTFOY4WW	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[120]
ANTXR1	OT5W1GPC	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[121]
HBD	OTRQG4WA	Definitive	Altered Expression	[122]
HES7	OT6F9R7P	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[123]
MYH9	OT94Z706	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[124]
PPBP	OT1FHGQS	Definitive	Biomarker	[125]
SCD5	OTSSUQ3Z	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[126]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 76 DOT(s)

References

1	Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
2	Hydroxyurea FDA Label
3	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01590628) Pilot Study Evaluating Safety & Efficacy of a DCBT: NiCord & UNM CBU to SCD Patients After Myeloablative Therapy. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
4	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01925001) Phase 2 Study of MP4CO to Treat Vaso-occlusive Sickle Crisis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
5	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00773890) TRF-1101 Assessment in Sickle Cell Disease. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
6	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04091737) A Phase 1 Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of Gene Therapy With CSL200 (Autologous Enriched CD34+ Cell Fraction That Contains CD34+ Cells Transduced With Lentiviral Vector Encoding Human gamma-GlobinG16D and Short-Hairpin RNA734) in Adult Subjects With Severe Sickle Cell Disease. U.S.National Institutes of Health.
7	Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800021062)
8	Lack of Duffy antigen expression is associated with organ damage in patients with sickle cell disease.Transfusion. 2008 May;48(5):917-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01622.x. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
9	A novel molecular signature for elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity in sickle cell disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Aug 15;186(4):359-68. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201201-0057OC. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
10	Vasopressin SNP pain factors and stress in sickle cell disease.PLoS One. 2019 Nov 11;14(11):e0224886. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224886. eCollection 2019.
11	Elevation of pyrimidine enzyme activities in the RBC of patients with congenital hypoplastic anaemia and their parents.Br J Haematol. 1979 Jul;42(3):381-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1979.tb01146.x.
12	Upregulation and atypical expression of the CD1 molecules on monocytes in sickle cell disease.Hum Immunol. 2004 Nov;65(11):1370-6. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.09.009.
13	MIR29B mediates epigenetic mechanisms of HBG gene activation.Br J Haematol. 2019 Jul;186(1):91-100. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15870. Epub 2019 Mar 19.
14	Plasma chitotriosidase and carotid intima-media thickness in children with sickle cell disease.Int J Hematol. 2017 Nov;106(5):648-654. doi: 10.1007/s12185-017-2288-z. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
15	Hydroxyurea to lower transcranial Doppler velocities and prevent primary stroke: the Uganda NOHARM sickle cell anemia cohort.Haematologica. 2020 Jun;105(6):e272-e275. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2019.231407. Epub 2019 Oct 24.
16	Alloimmunization to transfused HOD red blood cells is not increased in mice with sickle cell disease.Transfusion. 2012 Feb;52(2):231-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03255.x. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
17	Diagnosing sickle cell disease and iron deficiency anemia in human blood by Raman spectroscopy.Lasers Med Sci. 2020 Jul;35(5):1065-1074. doi: 10.1007/s10103-019-02887-1. Epub 2019 Oct 22.
18	Notch inhibition by the ligand DELTA-LIKE 3 defines the mechanism of abnormal vertebral segmentation in spondylocostal dysostosis.Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Mar 1;20(5):905-16. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq529. Epub 2010 Dec 7.
19	Dopamine D3 receptor Ser9Gly and catechol-o-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphisms and acute pain in sickle cell disease.Anesth Analg. 2014 Nov;119(5):1201-7. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000382.
20	Psychometric Properties of a Modified Version of the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (Modified FPS-R) to Evaluate Worst Pain in Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Anemia.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2018 Oct;40(7):499-503. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001250.
21	Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA.Nature. 2019 Dec;576(7785):149-157. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4. Epub 2019 Oct 21.
22	Implication of HMOX1 and CCR5 genotypes on clinical phenotype of Egyptian patients with sickle cell anemia.Ann Hematol. 2019 Aug;98(8):1805-1812. doi: 10.1007/s00277-019-03697-9. Epub 2019 Apr 27.
23	Combined genetic disruption of K-Cl cotransporters and Gardos channel KCNN4 rescues erythrocyte dehydration in the SAD mouse model of sickle cell disease.Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2019 Nov;79:102346. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102346. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
24	Featured Article: Depletion of HDL(3) high density lipoprotein and altered functionality of HDL(2) in blood from sickle cell patients.Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017 Jun;242(12):1244-1253. doi: 10.1177/1535370217706966. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
25	The role of nitrite in muscle function, susceptibility to contraction injury, and fatigability in sickle cell mice.Nitric Oxide. 2018 Nov 1;80:70-81. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.08.005. Epub 2018 Aug 14.
26	Eicosanoids in sickle cell disease: potential relevance of neutrophil leukotriene B4 to disease pathophysiology.J Lab Clin Med. 2002 Feb;139(2):80-9. doi: 10.1067/mlc.2002.121200.
27	The role of lactadherin in the phagocytosis of phosphatidylserine-expressing sickle red blood cells by macrophages.Haematologica. 2005 Sep;90(9):1267-8.
28	MYH9 E1841K Mutation Augments Proteinuria and Podocyte Injury and Migration.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Jan;29(1):155-167. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015060707. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
29	NT-proBNP as a marker of cardiopulmonary status in sickle cell anaemia in Africa.Br J Haematol. 2010 Jul;150(1):102-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08195.x. Epub 2010 Apr 16.
30	Lymphocyte subpopulations in homozygous sickle cell anaemia.Acta Haematol. 1985;74(1):10-3. doi: 10.1159/000206155.
31	Sensitization of nociceptors by prostaglandin E(2)-glycerol contributes to hyperalgesia in mice with sickle cell disease.Blood. 2019 May 2;133(18):1989-1998. doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-884346. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
32	A new mutation in the skeletal ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) is potentially causative of malignant hyperthermia, central core disease, and severe skeletal malformation.Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Jan 30;124A(3):248-54. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20404.
33	Genetic variation in CD36, HBA, NOS3 and VCAM1 is associated with chronic haemolysis level in sickle cell anaemia: a longitudinal study.Eur J Haematol. 2014 Mar;92(3):237-43. doi: 10.1111/ejh.12226. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
34	Effect of a Congolese herbal medicine used in sickle cell anemia on the expression of plasminogen activators in human coronary aortic endothelial cells culture.J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Mar 27;146(2):594-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.031. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
35	Frequency of red blood cell genotypes in multi-transfused patients and blood donors from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil.Transfus Apher Sci. 2018 Feb;57(1):71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.12.002. Epub 2017 Dec 16.
36	Genetic link with cholelithiasis among pediatric SCA Tunisian patients: Examples of UGT1A1, SLCO1A2 and SLCO1B1.Hematology. 2016 Mar;21(2):121-5. doi: 10.1179/1607845415Y.0000000030. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
37	Interim assessment of liver damage in patients with sickle cell disease using new non-invasive techniques.Br J Haematol. 2017 Feb;176(4):643-650. doi: 10.1111/bjh.14462. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
38	Nrf2 activation in myeloid cells and endothelial cells differentially mitigates sickle cell disease pathology in mice.Blood Adv. 2019 Apr 23;3(8):1285-1297. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017574.
39	Transient receptor potential polymorphism and haplotype associate with crisis pain in sickle cell disease.Pharmacogenomics. 2018 Apr;19(5):401-411. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0198. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
40	Diversity of RH and transfusion support in Brazilian sickle cell disease patients with unexplained Rh antibodies.Transfusion. 2019 Oct;59(10):3228-3235. doi: 10.1111/trf.15479. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
41	RNA sequencing of isolated cell populations expressing human APOL1 G2 risk variant reveals molecular correlates of sickle cell nephropathy in zebrafish podocytes.PLoS One. 2019 Jun 3;14(6):e0217042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217042. eCollection 2019.
42	Emerging therapeutic targets in the short QT syndrome.Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2018 May;22(5):439-451. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1470621.
43	Bone marrow characterization in sickle cell disease: inflammation and stress erythropoiesis lead to suboptimal CD34 recovery.Br J Haematol. 2019 Jul;186(2):286-299. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15902. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
44	Clinical impact of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and MTHFR C677T mutations among sickle cell disease patients of Central India.Eur J Haematol. 2013 Nov;91(5):462-6. doi: 10.1111/ejh.12190. Epub 2013 Sep 16.
45	Hypercoagulable state in sickle cell disease.Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2018;68(2-3):301-318. doi: 10.3233/CH-189013.
46	A positive correlation between sickle cell anemia and g6pd deficiency from population of Chhattisgarh, India.Gene. 2019 Jul 30;707:143-150. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.080. Epub 2019 May 7.
47	Serum Hepcidin Concentration in Individuals with Sickle Cell Anemia: Basis for the Dietary Recommendation of Iron.Nutrients. 2018 Apr 17;10(4):498. doi: 10.3390/nu10040498.
48	Common -globin variants modify hematologic and other clinical phenotypes in sickle cell trait and disease.PLoS Genet. 2018 Mar 28;14(3):e1007293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007293. eCollection 2018 Mar.
49	Sickle Cell Disease. 2003 Sep 15 [updated 2023 Dec 28]. In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Gripp KW, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(?) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993C2024.
50	Haptoglobin and hemopexin inhibit vaso-occlusion and inflammation in murine sickle cell disease: Role of heme oxygenase-1 induction.PLoS One. 2018 Apr 25;13(4):e0196455. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196455. eCollection 2018.
51	Combined genotypes of the MBL2 gene related to low mannose-binding lectin levels are associated with vaso-occlusive events in children with sickle cell anemia.Genet Mol Biol. 2017 Jul-Sep;40(3):600-603. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2016-0161. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
52	Dysregulated NO/PDE5 signaling in the sickle cell mouse lower urinary tract: Reversal by oral nitrate therapy.Life Sci. 2019 Dec 1;238:116922. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116922. Epub 2019 Oct 18.
53	Free heme regulates placenta growth factor through NRF2-antioxidant response signaling.Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 Nov 1;143:300-308. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.009. Epub 2019 Aug 10.
54	How do I incorporate red cell genotyping to improve chronic transfusion therapy?.Transfusion. 2020 Jan;60(1):16-25. doi: 10.1111/trf.15599. Epub 2019 Nov 23.
55	Diagnostics of DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa: Are sperm chromatin structure analysis and sperm chromatin dispersion tests (SCD-HaloSpermG2() ) comparable?.Andrologia. 2019 Sep;51(8):e13316. doi: 10.1111/and.13316. Epub 2019 May 17.
56	Resolution of sickle cell disease-associated inflammation and tissue damage with 17R-resolvin D1.Blood. 2019 Jan 17;133(3):252-265. doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-865378. Epub 2018 Nov 7.
57	Mast Cells Induce Blood Brain Barrier Damage in SCD by Causing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Endothelium.Front Cell Neurosci. 2019 Feb 19;13:56. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00056. eCollection 2019.
58	Human potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (SLC12A4) promoter is regulated by AP-2 and contains a functional downstream promoter element. Blood. 2004 Jun 1;103(11):4302-9.
59	Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A (UGT1A1) promoter polymorphism in young patients with sickle cell anaemia: report of the first cohort study from Nigeria.BMC Med Genet. 2019 Oct 16;20(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s12881-019-0899-3.
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