General Information of Drug (ID: DM02AWV)

Drug Name
Tolbutamide Drug Info
Synonyms
Aglicid; Arcosal; Arkozal; Artosin; Artozin; Beglucin; Butamid; Butamide; Butamidum; Diaben; Diabesan; Diabetamid; Diabetol; Diabuton; Diasulfon; Diaval; Dirastan; Dolipol; Drabet; Glyconon; Ipoglicone; Mobenol; Orabet; Oralin; Oramide; Orezan; Orinase; Orinaz; Oterben; Pramidex; Rastinon; Restinon; Tarasina; Tolbet;Tolbusal; Tolbutamid; Tolbutamida; Tolbutamidum; Tolbutone; Toluina; Tolumid; Toluran; Toluvan; Tolylsulfonylbutylurea; Willbutamide; Apotex Brand of Tolbutamide; Aventis Brand of Tolbutamide; BerlinChemie Brand of Tolbutamide; Butamide Brand of Tolbutamide; Hoechst Brand of Tolbutamide; Pfizer Brand of Tolbutamide; TOLBUTAMIDE USP; Tolbutamide Aventis Brand; Tolbutamide Butamide Brand; Tolbutamide Hoechst Brand; Tolbutamide Pfizer Brand; Valdecasas Brand of Tolbutamide; Yamanouchi Brand of Tolbutamide; D 860; HLS 831; T 0891; U 2043; Apo-Tolbutamide; Berlin-Chemie Brand of Tolbutamide; Novo-Butamide; Orinase (TN); Sk-tolbutamide; Tol-Tab; Tolbutamida [INN-Spanish]; Tolbutamidum [INN-Latin]; Tolbutamide [INN:BAN:JAN]; R.A.N. Brand of Tolbutamide; Tolbutamid R.A.N.; Tolbutamide (JP15/USP/INN); N-4-Methylbenzolsulfonyl-N-butylurea; N-4-(Methylbenzolsulfonyl)-n-butylurea; N-Butyl-N'-p-toluenesulfonylurea; N-n-Butyl-N'-tosylurea; N-(4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl)-N'-butylurea; N-(4-Methylphenylsulfonyl)-N'-butylurea; N-(p-Tolylsulfonyl)-N'-butylcarbamide; N-Butyl-N'-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)urea; N-Butyl-N'-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea; N-Butyl-N'-toluene-p-sulfonylurea; N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-N'-n-butylurea; 1-Butyl-3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)urea; 1-Butyl-3-(p-methylphenylsulfonyl)urea; 1-Butyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea; 1-Butyl-3-(para-tolylsulfonyl) urea; 1-Butyl-3-tosylurea; 1-butyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylurea; 1-p-Toluenesulfonyl-3-butylurea; 3-(p-Tolyl-4-sulfonyl)-1-butylurea; 3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-1-butylurea; 3-[p-Tolyl-4-sulfonyl]-1-butylurea
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [1]
Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [2]
Therapeutic Class
Hypoglycemic Agents
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5505
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:27999
CAS Number
CAS 64-77-7
TTD Drug ID
DM02AWV
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00104
INTEDE Drug ID
DR1612
ACDINA Drug ID
D00685

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DTP
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Discontinued Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Patented Agent(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Repaglinide DM5SXUV Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [18]
Glimepiride DM5FSJA Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [19]
Nicorandil DMIYJFV Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [20]
BTS-67582 DM54K2P Diabetic complication 5A2Y Discontinued in Phase 2 [21]
KRN-2391 DMZ1SEW Angina pectoris BA40 Discontinued in Phase 2 [22]
CCX915 DMHMST3 Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Discontinued in Phase 1 [23]
BMS-191095 DMKFXTD Angina pectoris BA40 Discontinued in Phase 1 [24]
⏷ Show the Full List of 7 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Glibenclamide DM8JXPZ Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [25]
Repaglinide DM5SXUV Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [18]
Glimepiride DM5FSJA Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [19]
Acetohexamide DMR6N7H Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [26]
Gliclazide DMN6QO5 Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [27]
NN-414 DMRJEXM Type-1 diabetes 5A10 Phase 1 [28]
HBR-985 DMKDBFL Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [29]
NS-11757 DM98VMZ Atrial fibrillation BC81.3 Investigative [30]
⏷ Show the Full List of 8 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [8]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [31]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [32]
Phenytoin DMNOKBV Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [8]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [33]
Diazepam DM08E9O Alcohol withdrawal Approved [34]
Methadone DMTW6IU Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [35]
Dapsone DM4LT8A Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [36]
Lidocaine DML4ZOT Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [8]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Cluster headache 8A81.0 Approved [37]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [38]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [39]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [39]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [8]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [40]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [41]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [42]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [39]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [43]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [32]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [64]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [65]
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [64]
Ifosfamide DMCT3I8 Adult central nervous system germ cell tumor Approved [65]
Sulfinpyrazone DMEV954 Gout FA25 Approved [66]
Loratadine DMF3AN7 Allergy 4A80-4A85 Approved [64]
Zafirlukast DMHNQOG Asthma CA23 Approved [64]
Ethinyl Estradiol DMODJ40 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [64]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [67]
Dabrafenib DMX6OE3 Melanoma 2C30 Approved [68]
⏷ Show the Full List of 20 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [44]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [45]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [46]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [8]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [47]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [8]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [48]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [49]
Estrone DM5T6US Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [50]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [51]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Amoxicillin DMUYNEI Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [52]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [44]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [53]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [54]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [8]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [55]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [31]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [51]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [56]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [32]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [57]
Thioridazine DM35M8J Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [58]
Voriconazole DMAOL2S Aspergillosis 1F20 Approved [59]
Chloramphenicol DMFXEWT Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [60]
Capsaicin DMGMF6V Back pain ME84.Z Approved [61]
Pentamidine DMHZJCG African trypanosomiasis 1F51 Approved [62]
Stiripentol DMMSDOY Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [63]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [62]
Desipramine DMT2FDC Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [58]
Amitriptyline DMK7F9S Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [10]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [69]
Mifepristone DMGZQEF Cushing disease 5A70 Approved [70]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [71]
Glimepiride DM5FSJA Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [10]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [72]
PMID28460551-Compound-2 DM4DOUB N. A. N. A. Patented [73]
L-leucine DMQHN7I Discovery agent N.A. Investigative
⏷ Show the Full List of 7 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Diazepam DM08E9O Alcohol withdrawal Approved [17]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [74]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [75]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [17]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [17]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [17]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [17]
Omeprazole DM471KJ Cystic fibrosis CA25 Approved [17]
Fluphenazine DMIT8LX Psychotic disorder 6A20-6A25 Approved [17]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [76]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Insulin (INS)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [77]
Epinephrine DM3KJBC Acute asthma CA23 Approved [78]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [79]
Fructose DM43AN2 Vomiting MD90 Approved [80]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [81]
Glimepiride DM5FSJA Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [82]
Clonidine DM6RZ9Q Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [83]
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [84]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [85]
Glibenclamide DM8JXPZ Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [82]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Albumin (ALB)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [86]
Sulfamethoxazole DMB08GE Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [10]
Diazepam DM08E9O Alcohol withdrawal Approved [87]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [88]
Methimazole DM25FL8 Hyperthyroidism 5A02 Approved [89]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [90]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [91]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [92]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [93]
obeticholic acid DM3Q1SM Primary biliary cholangitis DB96.1 Approved [94]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Flupentixol DM0DJ9O Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [95]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [96]
Crizotinib DM4F29C Non-small-cell lung cancer 2C25.Y Approved [97]
Lamotrigine DM8SXYG Bipolar disorder 6A60 Approved [98]
Cepharanthine DM9Y5JB N. A. N. A. Approved [99]
Itraconazole DMCR1MV Aspergillosis 1F20 Approved [100]
Clozapine DMFC71L Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [101]
Midostaurin DMI6E0R Acute myeloid leukaemia 2A60 Approved [102]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Anxiety Approved [103]
Olanzapine DMPFN6Y Bipolar depression Approved [101]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [104]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [105]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [106]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [107]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [16]
Ethacrynic acid DM60QMR Edema MG29 Approved [108]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [109]
Trovafloxacin DM6AN32 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [110]
Clonidine DM6RZ9Q Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [16]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [111]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Tumor protein D52 (TPD52)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [112]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [16]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [113]
Clonidine DM6RZ9Q Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [16]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [114]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [115]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [69]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite 1F6B Approved [116]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Prostate cancer 2C82.0 Approved [117]
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Breast carcinoma Approved [118]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [69]
Folic Acid DMEMBJC Colorectal carcinoma Approved [119]
Diazoxide DML1538 Congenital hyperinsulinism 5A4Y Approved [120]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [121]
Triclosan DMZUR4N Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [122]
(+)-JQ1 DM1CZSJ Testicular cancer 2C80 Phase 1 [123]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [72]
PMID28460551-Compound-2 DM4DOUB N. A. N. A. Patented [73]
bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [124]
⏷ Show the Full List of 9 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [74]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [125]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [16]
Acetic Acid, Glacial DM4SJ5Y infection in the ear canal AA0Y Approved [126]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [113]
Prasterone DM67VKL Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [127]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [128]
Clonidine DM6RZ9Q Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [16]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [129]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Arthritis FA20 Approved [130]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
ATP-binding cassette transporter C8 (ABCC8) TTP835K ABCC8_HUMAN Blocker [3]
ATP-binding cassette transporter C9 (ABCC9) TTEF5MJ ABCC9_HUMAN Blocker [3]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (ABCC8) DTI58LU ABCC8_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Sulfonylurea receptor 2 (ABCC9) DT3JCE6 ABCC9_HUMAN Substrate [4]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DEZMWRE CP2CI_HUMAN Substrate [8]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Albumin (ALB) OTVMM513 ALBU_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [9]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8 (ABCC8) OTCWQ54I ABCC8_HUMAN Drug Response [10]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [11]
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 (KCNJ11) OTPUUELV KCJ11_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [12]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) OTFMJYYE CP2CJ_HUMAN Biotransformations [13]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) OTHCWT42 CP2C8_HUMAN Biotransformations [14]
Insulin (INS) OTZ85PDU INS_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [15]
Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) OTZ6NXUX PDCD4_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [16]
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) OTN44YQ5 TMPS2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [17]
Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) OTVLI4DD TNAP3_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [16]

References

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2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Expression of an activating mutation in the gene encoding the KATP channel subunit Kir6.2 in mouse pancreatic beta cells recapitulates neonatal diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2009 Jan;119(1):80-90.
4 ABCC8 and ABCC9: ABC transporters that regulate K+ channels. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):703-18.
5 Effects of organic solvents on the activities of cytochrome P450 isoforms, UDP-dependent glucuronyl transferase, and phenol sulfotransferase in human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Feb;29(2):141-4.
6 CYP2C19 participates in tolbutamide hydroxylation by human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Mar;28(3):354-9.
7 Prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions between tolbutamide and various sulfonamides in humans based on in vitro experiments. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Apr;28(4):475-81.
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9 A protein-coated magnetic beads as a tool for the rapid drug-protein binding study. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010 Jul 8;52(3):420-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.06.023. Epub 2009 Jun 18.
10 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
11 Interactions between Oroxylin A with the solute carrier transporters and ATP-binding cassette transporters: Drug transporters profile for this flavonoid. Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Jun 1;324:109097. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109097. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
12 Increased ATPase activity produced by mutations at arginine-1380 in nucleotide-binding domain 2 of ABCC8 causes neonatal diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Nov 27;104(48):18988-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707428104. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
13 Metabolic activity testing can underestimate acute drug cytotoxicity as revealed by HepG2 cell clones overexpressing cytochrome P450 2C19 and 3A4. Toxicology. 2019 Jan 15;412:37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.008. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
14 Identification of cytochrome P450 and arylamine N-acetyltransferase isoforms involved in sulfadiazine metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jul;33(7):969-76.
15 Amino acid polymorphisms in the ATP-regulatable inward rectifier Kir6.2 and their relationships to glucose- and tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion, the insulin sensitivity index, and NIDDM. Diabetes. 1997 Mar;46(3):508-12. doi: 10.2337/diab.46.3.508.
16 Human embryonic stem cell derived hepatocyte-like cells as a tool for in vitro hazard assessment of chemical carcinogenicity. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Dec;124(2):278-90. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr225. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
17 Effect of common medications on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in liver tissue. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Dec;94(12):4037-4041. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02869-1. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
18 Metformin/Repaglinide (PrandiMet) for type 2 diabetes. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2009 Jun 1;51(1313):41-3.
19 Mechanism of disopyramide-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2009 Jan;26(1):76-8.
20 A functional role of the C-terminal 42 amino acids of SUR2A and SUR2B in the physiology and pharmacology of cardiovascular ATP-sensitive K(+) chann... J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005 Jul;39(1):1-6.
21 BTS-67582 (Knoll Pharmaceuticals Co). IDrugs. 1999 Apr;2(4):355-9.
22 Effects of KRN2391 on ionic currents in rabbit femoral arterial myocytes
23 Analysis of the differential modulation of sulphonylurea block of beta-cell and cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels by Mg-nucleotides. J Physiol. 2003 Feb 15;547(Pt 1):159-68.
24 The mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opener BMS-191095 reduces neuronal damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.2007 Feb;27(2):348-55.
25 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
26 Diabetes and insulin secretion: the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K ATP) connection.Diabetes.2005 Nov;54(11):3065-72.
27 Structural basis for the interference between nicorandil and sulfonylurea action. Diabetes. 2001 Oct;50(10):2253-9.
28 Attenuation of hyperinsulinemia by NN414, a SUR1/Kir6.2 selective K-adenosine triphosphate channel opener, improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile in obese Zucker rats.Metabolism.2004 Apr;53(4):441-7.
29 Cardioselective K(ATP) channel blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas. J Med Chem. 2001 Mar 29;44(7):1085-98.
30 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2944).
31 Diclofenac and its derivatives as tools for studying human cytochromes P450 active sites: particular efficiency and regioselectivity of P450 2Cs. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 26;38(43):14264-70.
32 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
33 Identification of human cytochrome P450s involved in the formation of all-trans-retinoic acid principal metabolites. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;58(6):1341-8.
34 Targeted antipeptide antibodies to cytochrome P450 2C18 based on epitope mapping of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody to P450 2C51. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Feb 15;338(2):157-64.
35 Involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme in the N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Mar;9(2):365-73.
36 CYP2C8/9 mediate dapsone N-hydroxylation at clinical concentrations of dapsone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):865-8.
37 Induction of CYP2C genes in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Mar;29(3):242-51.
38 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
39 Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
40 Differential expression and function of CYP2C isoforms in human intestine and liver. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Sep;13(9):565-75.
41 Analysis of human cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate specificity using a substrate pharmacophore and site-directed mutants. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 14;43(49):15379-92.
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