General Information of Drug (ID: DMMX2E6)

Drug Name
Pemetrexed Drug Info
Synonyms
Alimta; LYA; LY 231514; LY231514; Alimta (TN); LY 231,514; LY-2315; LY-231514; Pemetrexed (INN); Pemetrexed [INN:BAN]; LY-231,514; N-(4-(2-(2-Amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimdin-5-yl)ethyl)benzoyl)glutamic acid; N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-d-glutamic acid; (2R)-2-[[4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-1,7-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid; (2S)-2-[[4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-1,7-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid; 2-[[4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-1,7-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid; 2-{4-[2-(2-AMINO-4-OXO-4,7-DIHYDRO-3H-PYRROLO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-5-YL)-ETHYL]-BENZOYLAMINO}-PENTANEDIOIC ACID
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Malignant pleural mesothelioma 2C26.0 Approved [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5]
Therapeutic Class
Anticancer Agents
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
135410875
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:63616
CAS Number
CAS 137281-23-3
TTD Drug ID
DMMX2E6
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00318

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DTP
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [13]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL leukaemia 2A60-2B33 Approved [14]
Folic acid DMEMBJC Folate-deficiency anemia 3A02.Y Approved [15]
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [16]
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [17]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [18]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [19]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [20]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [21]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [22]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [23]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL leukaemia 2A60-2B33 Approved [24]
Folic acid DMEMBJC Folate-deficiency anemia 3A02.Y Approved [25]
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [26]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [27]
Progesterone DMUY35B Premature labour JB00 Approved [28]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [29]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [28]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [30]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [31]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL leukaemia 2A60-2B33 Approved [32]
Folic acid DMEMBJC Folate-deficiency anemia 3A02.Y Approved [32]
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [33]
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [34]
Mercaptopurine DMTM2IK Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [35]
Ganciclovir DM1MBYQ Virus infection 1A24-1D9Z Approved [36]
Gemcitabine DMSE3I7 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [37]
Fluorescein DMQTFAO Ocular disease 1F00.1Z Approved [38]
Adenosine DMM2NSK Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia BC81.Z Approved [39]
[3H]cAMP DMZRQU7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [40]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [41]
L-glutamic acid DM4PUDW Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [42]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [43]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [44]
Pravastatin DM6A0X7 Hypercholesterolaemia 5C80.0 Approved [45]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Cardiovascular disease BA00-BE2Z Approved [46]
Cerivastatin DMXCM7H Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Approved [47]
Pitavastatin calcium DM1UJO0 Dyslipidemia 5C80-5C81 Approved [48]
Digoxin DMQCTIH Arrhythmia BC9Z Approved [49]
Rosuvastatin DMMIQ7G Hypercholesterolaemia 5C80.0 Approved [50]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Folate transporter 1 (SLC19A1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL leukaemia 2A60-2B33 Approved [7]
Folic acid DMEMBJC Folate-deficiency anemia 3A02.Y Approved [7]
Pralatrexate DMAO80I Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [51]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL leukaemia 2A60-2B33 Approved [52]
Folic acid DMEMBJC Folate-deficiency anemia 3A02.Y Approved [53]
Pralatrexate DMAO80I Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [51]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [54]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [55]
Trifluridine DMG2YBD Virus infection 1A24-1D9Z Approved [56]
Capecitabine DMTS85L Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [57]
Raltitrexed DMT9K8G Rectal adenocarcinoma 2B92 Approved [58]
Floxuridine DM04LR2 Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [59]
Leucovorin/5-fluorouracil DMZT4N7 Colon cancer 2B90.Z Approved [60]
Flucytosine DM13VTW Endocarditis BB40-BA42 Approved [61]
Nolatrexed DMOF0CA Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 3 [62]
Plevitrexed (R)-isomer DMTL39C Gastric adenocarcinoma 2B72 Phase 2 [63]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Candida Thymidylate synthase (Candi TMP1) TTU6BFZ TYSY_CANAL Inhibitor [6]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Folate transporter 1 (SLC19A1) DTOSN46 S19A1_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Proton-coupled folate transporter (SLC46A1) DTDJEMI PCFT_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 (ABCC5) DTYVM24 MRP5_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) DTFI42L MRP2_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1) DTPFTEQ SO2B1_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [12]

References

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3 2004 approvals: the demise of the blockbuster. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Feb;4(2):93-4.
4 Thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma: the association with treatment efficacy of pemetrexed. Lung Cancer. 2011 Oct;74(1):132-8.
5 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
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7 Biology of the major facilitative folate transporters SLC19A1 and SLC46A1. Curr Top Membr. 2014;73:175-204.
8 The proton-coupled folate transporter: impact on pemetrexed transport and on antifolates activities compared with the reduced folate carrier. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;74(3):854-62.
9 Kinetic validation of the use of carboxydichlorofluorescein as a drug surrogate for MRP5-mediated transport. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006 Apr;27(5):524-32.
10 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
11 Substrate- and pH-specific antifolate transport mediated by organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1-SLCO2B1). Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Feb;81(2):134-42.
12 pH-Dependent transport of pemetrexed by breast cancer resistance protein. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Sep;39(9):1478-85.
13 Involvement of the drug transporters p glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein Mrp2 in telithromycin transport. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jan;50(1):80-7.
14 Dose-dependent disposition of methotrexate in Abcc2 and Abcc3 gene knockout murine models. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Nov;39(11):2155-61.
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17 Multidrug resistance associated protein 2 mediates transport of prostaglandin E2. Liver Int. 2006 Apr;26(3):362-8.
18 Lentivirus-mediated RNAi silencing targeting ABCC2 increasing the sensitivity of a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line against cisplatin. J Transl Med. 2008 Oct 4;6:55.
19 Effect of acetaminophen on expression and activity of rat liver multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Aug 15;68(4):791-8.
20 Small intestinal efflux mediated by MRP2 and BCRP shifts sulfasalazine intestinal permeability from high to low, enabling its colonic targeting. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G371-7.
21 Delineating the contribution of secretory transporters in the efflux of etoposide using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):457-63.
22 Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 (MRP2) Mediated Transport of Oxaliplatin-Derived Platinum in Membrane Vesicles. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 1;10(7):e0130727.
23 Doxorubicin transport by RALBP1 and ABCG2 in lung and breast cancer. Int J Oncol. 2007 Mar;30(3):717-25.
24 Wild-type breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a methotrexate polyglutamate transporter. Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 1;63(17):5538-43.
25 The effect of low pH on breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport of methotrexate, 7-hydroxymethotrexate, methotrexate diglutamate, folic acid, mitoxantrone, topotecan, and resveratrol in in vitro drug transport models. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;71(1):240-9.
26 Role of BCRP as a biomarker for predicting resistance to 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 May;63(6):1103-10.
27 Inhibiting the function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Mar 1;77(5):781-93.
28 Sterol transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) expressed in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20645-51.
29 The phytoestrogen genistein enhances multidrug resistance in breast cancer cell lines by translational regulation of ABC transporters. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jun 28;376(1):165-72.
30 Curcumin inhibits the activity of ABCG2/BCRP1, a multidrug resistance-linked ABC drug transporter in mice. Pharm Res. 2009 Feb;26(2):480-7.
31 Imatinib mesylate (STI571) is a substrate for the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ABCG2 drug pump. Blood. 2004 Nov 1;104(9):2940-2.
32 The human multidrug resistance protein MRP5 transports folates and can mediate cellular resistance against antifolates. Cancer Res. 2005 May 15;65(10):4425-30.
33 ATP-binding cassette C transporters in human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Upregulation in 5-fluorouracil-resistant cells. Pancreatology. 2009;9(1-2):136-44.
34 Celecoxib upregulates multidrug resistance proteins in colon cancer: lack of synergy with standard chemotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2008 Aug;8(5):414-20.
35 Overexpression of MRP4 (ABCC4) and MRP5 (ABCC5) confer resistance to the nucleoside analogs cytarabine and troxacitabine, but not gemcitabine. Springerplus. 2014 Dec 13;3:732.
36 Cellular export of drugs and signaling molecules by the ATP-binding cassette transporters MRP4 (ABCC4) and MRP5 (ABCC5). Drug Metab Rev. 2005;37(1):253-78.
37 Interdependence of gemcitabine treatment, transporter expression, and resistance in human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Neoplasia. 2010 Sep;12(9):740-7.
38 Hyaluronan export by the ABC transporter MRP5 and its modulation by intracellular cGMP. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 20;282(29):20999-1004.
39 Role of MRP4 and MRP5 in biology and chemotherapy. AAPS PharmSci. 2002;4(3):E14.
40 The multidrug resistance protein 5 functions as an ATP-dependent export pump for cyclic nucleotides. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 29;275(39):30069-74.
41 Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60.
42 The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): recent advances. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 Jan 4;44(D1):D372-9. (ID: 2.A.60.1.20)
43 Small-Dosing Clinical Study: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenomic (SLCO2B1 and ABCG2), and Interaction (Atorvastatin and Grapefruit Juice) Profiles of 5 Probes for OATP2B1 and BCRP. J Pharm Sci. 2017 Sep;106(9):2688-2694.
44 Identification of drugs and drug metabolites as substrates of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) using triple-transfected MDCK-OATP1B1-UGT1A1-MRP2 cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;165(6):1836-1847.
45 Functional characterization of pH-sensitive organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B in human. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):438-45.
46 Human platelets express organic anion-transporting peptide 2B1, an uptake transporter for atorvastatin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 May;37(5):1129-37.
47 pH-sensitive interaction of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) with organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1. Mol Pharm. 2011 Aug 1;8(4):1303-13.
48 Drug-drug interaction between pitavastatin and various drugs via OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Jul;34(7):1229-36.
49 Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases.
50 Involvement of multiple transporters in the hepatobiliary transport of rosuvastatin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Oct;36(10):2014-23.
51 Antifolates in cancer therapy: structure, activity and mechanisms of drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2012 Aug;15(4):183-210.
52 Site-specific contribution of proton-coupled folate transporter/haem carrier protein 1 in the intestinal absorption of methotrexate in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;61(7):911-8.
53 Characterization of uptake of folates by rat and human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Biofactors. 2010 May-Jun;36(3):201-9.
54 The efficacy of the combination therapy of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and leucovorin for hepatocellular carcinoma and its predictable factors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;53(4):296-304.
55 Loss of folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase activity is a dominant mechanism of resistance to polyglutamylation-dependent novel antifolates in multiple human leukemia sublines. Int J Cancer. 2003 Feb 20;103(5):587-99.
56 Trifluorothymidine induces cell death independently of p53. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2008 Jun;27(6):699-703.
57 UGT1A7 and UGT1A9 polymorphisms predict response and toxicity in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine/irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 1;11(3):1226-36.
58 DNA damage and homologous recombination signaling induced by thymidylate deprivation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Oct 15;76(8):987-96.
59 Antisense down-regulation of thymidylate synthase to suppress growth and enhance cytotoxicity of 5-FUdR, 5-FU and Tomudex in HeLa cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Aug;127(8):1777-86.
60 Decreased levels of UMP kinase as a mechanism of fluoropyrimidine resistance. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 May;8(5):1037-44.
61 Antifungal agents: mode of action in yeast cells. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2006 Jun;19(2):130-9.
62 A phase I study of the lipophilic thymidylate synthase inhibitor Thymitaq (nolatrexed dihydrochloride) given by 10-day oral administration. Br J Cancer. 1999 Feb;79(5-6):915-20.
63 Cooperative inhibition of human thymidylate synthase by mixtures of active site binding and allosteric inhibitors. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 13;46(10):2823-30.