Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISPZIQ3)

Disease Name	Glomerulonephritis
Synonyms	bright's disease; renal glomerulus nephritis; nephritis of renal glomerulus; glomerulonephritis (disease); glomerulonephritis; glomerular nephritis
Disease Class	5D00: Amyloidosis
Definition	A renal disorder characterized by damage in the glomeruli. It may be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, and it may lead to renal failure. Causes include autoimmune disorders, infections, diabetes, and malignancies.
Disease Hierarchy	DISQZQ70: Nephritis DISQAMHM: Glomerular disorder DISPZIQ3: Glomerulonephritis
ICD Code	ICD-11 ICD-11: 5D00.Y Expand ICD-9 580581582
Disease Identifiers	MONDO ID MONDO_0002462 MESH ID D005921 UMLS CUI C0017658 MedGen ID 6616 HPO ID HP:0000099 SNOMED CT ID 36171008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
OMS721	DMK6QBZ	Phase 3	NA	[1]
ACH-4471	DMLVCZR	Phase 2	NA	[1]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Preclinical Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
SAND-5	DM7E324	Preclinical	NA	[2]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Discontinued Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
TJN-598	DMKSPYI	Terminated	NA	[3]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Investigative Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
AVX-003	DMWXHSH	Investigative	NA	[4]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 78 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
AHCY	TTE2KUJ	Limited	Biomarker	[5]
APCS	TTB7VAT	Limited	Genetic Variation	[6]
CCL5	TT9DWLC	Limited	Altered Expression	[7]
CXCR3	TT1UCIJ	Limited	Biomarker	[8]
IL18	TTRICUF	Limited	Genetic Variation	[9]
IL2	TTF89GD	Limited	Biomarker	[10]
SCGB1A1	TTONPVW	Limited	Biomarker	[11]
VHL	TTEMWSD	Limited	Biomarker	[12]
CD74	TTCMYP9	Disputed	Altered Expression	[13]
CCL3	TT8I4WB	moderate	Biomarker	[14]
IL2RA	TT10Y9E	moderate	Biomarker	[15]
NGF	TTDN3LF	moderate	Biomarker	[16]
TNF	TTF8CQI	moderate	Biomarker	[17]
USP2	TTUEQ1W	moderate	Altered Expression	[18]
WT1	TTZ8UT4	moderate	Altered Expression	[19]
ADM	TTV14YH	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
AGT	TT5C0UB	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
AGTR1	TT8DBY3	Strong	Altered Expression	[22]
AGTR2	TTQVOEI	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
AIF1	TT12MEP	Strong	Biomarker	[24]
ALB	TTFNGC9	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
ALOX15	TTN9T81	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
ALOX5AP	TTDMBF5	Strong	ModifyingMutation	[27]
ANXA5	TT2Z83I	Strong	Biomarker	[28]
APOE	TTKS9CB	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
AXL	TTZPY6J	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
C3	TTJGY7A	Strong	Genetic Variation	[31]
C3AR1	TTI6B3F	Strong	Biomarker	[32]
CCL2	TTNAY0P	Strong	Biomarker	[33]
CD46	TTMS7DF	Strong	Genetic Variation	[34]
CD59	TTBGTEJ	Strong	Biomarker	[35]
CFD	TT8D13I	Strong	Biomarker	[36]
CFH	TTUW6OP	Strong	Genetic Variation	[37]
CR1	TTEA8OW	Strong	Biomarker	[38]
CX3CL1	TT1OFBQ	Strong	Biomarker	[39]
CX3CR1	TT2T98G	Strong	Biomarker	[39]
DTL	TT8396I	Strong	Biomarker	[40]
EPHX2	TT7WVHI	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
ESR1	TTZAYWL	Strong	Biomarker	[42]
FAS	TT7LTUJ	Strong	Biomarker	[43]
FCAR	TTGUJAO	Strong	Biomarker	[44]
FOS	TTOM5AU	Strong	Altered Expression	[45]
GALNS	TTT9YPO	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
GAS6	TT69QD2	Strong	Biomarker	[47]
GJA5	TTFQKZ7	Strong	Biomarker	[48]
HHAT	TT1VNCG	Strong	Genetic Variation	[49]
IKZF3	TTCZVFZ	Strong	Biomarker	[50]
IRAK4	TTILUKB	Strong	Biomarker	[51]
ITGA8	TT1FW8B	Strong	Biomarker	[52]
ITGB1	TTBVIQC	Strong	Biomarker	[53]
ITGB3	TTJA1ZO	Strong	Biomarker	[54]
LTC4S	TTW7OTG	Strong	Biomarker	[55]
MMP1	TTMX39J	Strong	Biomarker	[56]
MMP3	TTUZ2L5	Strong	Biomarker	[57]
MPO	TTVCZPI	Strong	Biomarker	[58]
MS4A1	TTUE541	Strong	Biomarker	[59]
PDGFB	TTQA6SX	Strong	Therapeutic	[60]
PDGFC	TTOABM9	Strong	Biomarker	[61]
PDGFD	TTSN0GA	Strong	Biomarker	[62]
PKN1	TTSL41O	Strong	Genetic Variation	[63]
PLA2G1B	TT9V5JH	Strong	Biomarker	[64]
PLA2R1	TTHKW7D	Strong	Biomarker	[65]
POMC	TT21AKM	Strong	Biomarker	[66]
PPARG	TTT2SVW	Strong	Therapeutic	[67]
PRTN3	TT5MLC4	Strong	Biomarker	[68]
PTAFR	TTQL5VC	Strong	Therapeutic	[69]
RGS2	TTKB7T3	Strong	SusceptibilityMutation	[70]
SERPINE1	TTTO43N	Strong	Biomarker	[71]
SLC5A1	TT2UE56	Strong	Altered Expression	[72]
SMAD1	TT9GR53	Strong	Biomarker	[73]
SPP1	TT8ME6I	Strong	ModifyingMutation	[74]
SRR	TTZFUY6	Strong	Biomarker	[75]
TAAR5	TTCO25G	Strong	Biomarker	[76]
TBXAS1	TTKNWZ4	Strong	Biomarker	[77]
TLR3	TTD24Y0	Strong	Biomarker	[78]
TNFRSF17	TTZ3P4W	Strong	Altered Expression	[79]
UBC	TTBP3XA	Strong	Biomarker	[80]
UCHL1	TTX9IFP	Strong	Altered Expression	[81]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 78 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ABCD1	DTKM9DZ	moderate	Biomarker	[82]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
EGLN3	DEMQTKH	Strong	Altered Expression	[83]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This Disease Is Related to 62 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
CCN3	OTOW5YL4	Limited	Biomarker	[84]
CHP1	OTHTXN1A	Limited	Biomarker	[85]
RHOV	OTW4N3QN	Limited	Biomarker	[85]
TNFRSF6B	OTKAN9G7	Limited	Biomarker	[86]
ACKR2	OTWYY14H	Disputed	Biomarker	[87]
TRIM21	OTA4UJCF	Disputed	Biomarker	[88]
CCL4	OT6B8P25	moderate	Biomarker	[14]
COL4A3	OT6SB8X5	moderate	Biomarker	[89]
JUND	OTNKACJD	moderate	Biomarker	[45]
NPHS1	OT21JD3P	moderate	Biomarker	[42]
OTUB1	OT8WWM9O	moderate	Altered Expression	[90]
ACE	OTDF1964	Strong	Biomarker	[91]
ANKRD1	OTHJ7JV9	Strong	Altered Expression	[92]
ART1	OT7FBG5W	Strong	Altered Expression	[93]
C6	OTCKR304	Strong	Biomarker	[94]
C9	OT7I5FDX	Strong	Genetic Variation	[95]
CCL13	OTNX0JD0	Strong	Altered Expression	[96]
CD48	OT83ZNPP	Strong	Biomarker	[97]
CD79A	OTOJC8DV	Strong	Altered Expression	[98]
CERT1	OTNUCNHX	Strong	Biomarker	[99]
CFHR5	OT7BMOYE	Strong	Genetic Variation	[100]
CNDP1	OTOYSQG7	Strong	Genetic Variation	[101]
CNN1	OTVPG39Z	Strong	Altered Expression	[102]
COL3A1	OTT1EMLM	Strong	Biomarker	[103]
COL4A5	OTHG60RE	Strong	Genetic Variation	[104]
DES	OTI09KBW	Strong	Biomarker	[42]
DNAJB9	OT38EQT6	Strong	Altered Expression	[105]
EIF1	OTB4GZ0V	Strong	Biomarker	[75]
EMB	OT67E3Q1	Strong	Altered Expression	[106]
EXOSC3	OTNCF906	Strong	Genetic Variation	[107]
FBN1	OTYCJT63	Strong	Biomarker	[108]
FCGR3B	OTSLSPZG	Strong	Biomarker	[109]
FOXD1	OT80PRHS	Strong	Biomarker	[110]
IKZF1	OTCW1FKL	Strong	Biomarker	[50]
ITGA3	OTBCH21D	Strong	Biomarker	[53]
LAYN	OT9A9Q1X	Strong	Altered Expression	[111]
LTBP1	OTR7Q75L	Strong	Biomarker	[112]
MASP1	OTWWCNZP	Strong	Biomarker	[113]
MTSS2	OTKMNSBF	Strong	Biomarker	[114]
MYH9	OT94Z706	Strong	Altered Expression	[115]
MYL9	OT6B22JB	Strong	Biomarker	[116]
NEO1	OTGJ1997	Strong	Biomarker	[117]
NEUROG1	OTMJZP9G	Strong	Biomarker	[117]
NPHS2	OTLCNUII	Strong	Biomarker	[118]
NR2E3	OTO3GBHQ	Strong	Biomarker	[76]
PAGR1	OTXR5PQ8	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
PAMR1	OT83ZH5U	Strong	Biomarker	[40]
PLB1	OTZ6TTYV	Strong	Biomarker	[64]
PLEKHA7	OTNUMAZ0	Strong	Biomarker	[119]
POC5	OTHD4FIH	Strong	Genetic Variation	[120]
PRF1	OTFVXD7H	Strong	Biomarker	[121]
RNLS	OTVP2WJM	Strong	Biomarker	[122]
RNPC3	OTW5MKC1	Strong	Biomarker	[123]
RPS27A	OTIIGGZ2	Strong	Biomarker	[80]
SLAMF1	OTBTT3ZQ	Strong	Biomarker	[97]
SNRPA	OT02TSQT	Strong	Altered Expression	[124]
TGFB1I1	OTIK337D	Strong	Altered Expression	[125]
THEMIS2	OTI1OBLN	Strong	Biomarker	[126]
THY1	OTVONVTB	Strong	Biomarker	[127]
TNIP1	OTRAOTEW	Strong	Biomarker	[128]
CCL1	OT23NON8	Definitive	Biomarker	[129]
CCL7	OTDIS99H	Definitive	Biomarker	[129]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 62 DOT(s)

References

1	Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
2	Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800032848)
3	Effects of TJN-598, a new selective phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor on anti-Thy1 nephritis in rats. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2011 Feb;15(1):14-24.
4	The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
5	Reversible SAHH inhibitor protects against glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice by downregulating renal -actinin-4 expression and stabilizing integrin-cytoskeleton linkage.Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jan 29;21(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1820-3.
6	Autoimmunity and glomerulonephritis in mice with targeted deletion of the serum amyloid P component gene: SAP deficiency or strain combination?.Immunology. 2004 Jun;112(2):255-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01860.x.
7	Novel role of toll-like receptor 3 in hepatitis C-associated glomerulonephritis.Am J Pathol. 2006 Feb;168(2):370-85. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050491.
8	Up-regulation of early growth response gene-1 via the CXCR3 receptor induces reactive oxygen species and inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase activity in an immortalized human proximal tubule cell line.J Immunol. 2003 Jan 15;170(2):931-40. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.931.
9	Interleukin-18, transforming growth factor-, and vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to primary glomerulonephritis.Tissue Antigens. 2010 Oct;76(4):289-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01515.x.
10	Reversing interleukin-2 inhibition mediated by anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibody ameliorates glomerulonephritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice.Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Aug;62(8):2401-11. doi: 10.1002/art.27487.
11	Association between the clara cell secretory protein (CC16) G38A polymorphism and the progression of IgA nephropathy.Clin Nephrol. 2007 Feb;67(2):73-80. doi: 10.5414/cnp67073.
12	Conditional VHL gene deletion activates a local NO-VEGF axis in a balanced manner reinforcing resistance to endothelium-targeted glomerulonephropathy.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011 Dec;26(12):4023-31. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr176. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
13	Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells exert immunomodulatory function by driving inflammatory CD4(+) T cell responses.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2019 Jul 1;317(1):F77-F89. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00427.2018. Epub 2019 Apr 24.
14	Gene expression of CC chemokines in experimental acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.J Lab Clin Med. 1999 Jan;133(1):41-7. doi: 10.1053/lc.1999.v133.a94726.
15	Lupus glomerulonephritis revisited 2004: autoimmunity and end-organ damage.Scand J Immunol. 2004 Jul-Aug;60(1-2):52-63. doi: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01463.x.
16	Exposure to nerve growth factor worsens nephrotoxic effect induced by Cyclosporine A in HK-2 cells. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 7;8(11):e80113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080113. eCollection 2013.
17	Exclusive expression of transmembrane TNF aggravates acute glomerulonephritis despite reduced leukocyte infiltration and inflammation.Kidney Int. 2019 Jan;95(1):75-93. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.012. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
18	Expression of USP2-69 in mesangial cells in vivo and in vitro.Pathol Int. 2010 Mar;60(3):184-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02496.x.
19	Podocytes and Proteinuria in ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Case-Control Study.Front Immunol. 2019 Jun 26;10:1405. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01405. eCollection 2019.
20	Effects of adrenomedullin on the glomerular adrenomedullin system in a rat model of anti-thy1 glomerulonephritis.Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2010;115(3):e80-8. doi: 10.1159/000313833. Epub 2010 Apr 30.
21	Urinary angiotensinogen: an indicator of active antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019 May 1;34(5):838-847. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy112.
22	Mesangial expression of angiotensin II receptor in IgA nephropathy and its regulation by polymeric IgA1.Kidney Int. 2004 Oct;66(4):1403-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00874.x.
23	Angiotensin type 2 receptor actions contribute to angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker effects on kidney fibrosis.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):F683-91. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2009. Epub 2009 Dec 30.
24	Expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in kidneys: A novel molecular component of podocyte.Kidney Int. 2006 Dec;70(11):1948-54. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001941. Epub 2006 Oct 11.
25	End-Stage Renal Disease Patients with Low Serum Albumin: Is Peritoneal Dialysis an Option?.Perit Dial Int. 2019 Nov-Dec;39(6):562-567. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2018.00204. Epub 2019 Mar 9.
26	Co-regulated expression of glomerular 12/15-lipoxygenase and interleukin-4 mRNAs in rat nephrotoxic nephritis.Kidney Int. 1994 Aug;46(2):341-9. doi: 10.1038/ki.1994.280.
27	Increased 5-lipoxygenase activating protein in immune-mediated experimental nephritis.J Nephrol. 2003 Sep-Oct;16(5):682-90.
28	Localization of annexin V in rat normal kidney and experimental glomerulonephritis.Res Exp Med (Berl). 2001 Jan;200(2):77-92. doi: 10.1007/BF03220017.
29	All-trans retinoic acid can regulate the expressions of gelatinases and apolipoprotein E in glomerulosclerosis rats.Vascul Pharmacol. 2011 Nov-Dec;55(5-6):169-77. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.08.223. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
30	Gas6 regulates mesangial cell proliferation through Axl in experimental glomerulonephritis.Am J Pathol. 2001 Apr;158(4):1423-32. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64093-X.
31	Dominant C3 glomerulopathy: new roles for an old actor in renal pathology.J Nephrol. 2018 Aug;31(4):503-510. doi: 10.1007/s40620-017-0458-y. Epub 2017 Nov 18.
32	The C3aR promotes macrophage infiltration and regulates ANCA production but does not affect glomerular injury in experimental anti-myeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis.PLoS One. 2018 Jan 9;13(1):e0190655. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190655. eCollection 2018.
33	Urine epidermal growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or their ratio as predictors of complete remission in primary glomerulonephritis.Cytokine. 2018 Apr;104:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.015. Epub 2018 Feb 4.
34	Acquired and genetic complement abnormalities play a critical role in dense deposit disease and other C3 glomerulopathies.Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(4):454-64. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.63. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
35	Role of CD59 in experimental glomerulonephritis in rats.Kidney Int. 1994 Jul;46(1):191-200. doi: 10.1038/ki.1994.259.
36	Effects of complement factor D deficiency on the renal disease of MRL/lpr mice.Kidney Int. 2004 Jan;65(1):129-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00371.x.
37	Complement factor H gene associations with end-stage kidney disease in African Americans.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Jul;29(7):1409-14. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfu036. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
38	Abnormal immune complex processing and spontaneous glomerulonephritis in complement factor H-deficient mice with human complement receptor 1 on erythrocytes.J Immunol. 2010 Sep 15;185(6):3759-67. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000683. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
39	Expression of CX3CL1/fractalkine by mesangial cells in vitro and in acute anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis in rats.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Dec;18(12):2505-14. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfg457.
40	Adrenomedullin (AM) and receptor-activity-modifying proteins in glomeruli with Thy.1 glomerulonephritis.Clin Exp Nephrol. 2004 Dec;8(4):316-21. doi: 10.1007/s10157-004-0309-8.
41	In vivo activity of epoxide hydrolase according to sequence variation affects the progression of human IgA nephropathy.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 Jun;300(6):F1283-90. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00733.2010. Epub 2011 Mar 23.
42	Testosterone and 17-estradiol have opposite effects on podocyte apoptosis that precedes glomerulosclerosis in female estrogen receptor knockout mice.Kidney Int. 2011 Feb;79(4):404-13. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.398. Epub 2010 Oct 20.
43	Depletion of autoreactive plasma cells and treatment of lupus nephritis in mice using CEP-33779, a novel, orally active, selective inhibitor of JAK2.J Immunol. 2011 Oct 1;187(7):3840-53. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101228. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
44	Critical Role of Kupffer Cell CD89 Expression in Experimental IgA Nephropathy.PLoS One. 2016 Jul 20;11(7):e0159426. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159426. eCollection 2016.
45	Jund is a determinant of macrophage activation and is associated with glomerulonephritis susceptibility.Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):553-9. doi: 10.1038/ng.137.
46	Streptolysin O and its co-toxin NAD-glycohydrolase protect group A Streptococcus from Xenophagic killing.PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(6):e1003394. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003394. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
47	Targeted inhibition of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase ameliorates anti-GBM-induced lupus-like nephritis.J Autoimmun. 2018 Sep;93:37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 9.
48	Glomerular expression of connexin 40 and connexin 43 in rat experimental glomerulonephritis.Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013 Apr;17(2):191-204. doi: 10.1007/s10157-012-0687-2. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
49	Streptokinase alleles and disease association in group A streptococci.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1994 Nov;10(1):75-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1994.tb00013.x.
50	Association between polymorphisms of the IKZF3 gene and systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese Han population.PLoS One. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e108661. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108661. eCollection 2014.
51	Deficiency in IRAK4 activity attenuates manifestations of murine Lupus.Eur J Immunol. 2017 May;47(5):880-891. doi: 10.1002/eji.201646641. Epub 2017 Mar 31.
52	Expression of the Alpha8 Integrin Chain Facilitates Phagocytosis by Renal Mesangial Cells.Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;45(6):2161-2173. doi: 10.1159/000488160. Epub 2018 Mar 10.
53	Podocyte foot process effacement in very early phase of passive Heymann nephritis is not a prerequisite for proteinuria.J Nephrol. 2009 Jul-Aug;22(4):484-90.
54	Fibrinogen mediates platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte cooperation during immune-complex glomerulonephritis in rats.J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94(3):928-36. doi: 10.1172/JCI117459.
55	Renal leukotriene C4 synthase: characterization, partial purification and alterations in experimental glomerulonephritis.Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Jan 20;1254(2):207-15. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)00185-2.
56	NMDA receptor-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase and glomerulosclerosis in hyperhomocysteinemic rats.Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Oct 1;13(7):975-86. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3091.
57	Production and degradation of extracellular matrix in reversible glomerular lesions in rat model of habu snake venom-induced glomerulonephritis.Med Mol Morphol. 2012 Dec;45(4):190-8. doi: 10.1007/s00795-011-0559-y. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
58	Vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis in a newly established congenic mouse strain derived from ANCA-associated vasculitis-prone SCG/Kj mice.Autoimmunity. 2019 Aug-Sep;52(5-6):208-219. doi: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1658191. Epub 2019 Sep 2.
59	Characterization of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in the glomerulus of rats with glomerulonephritis.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10(2):185-90.
60	Specific antagonism of PDGF prevents renal scarring in experimental glomerulonephritis.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 May;12(5):909-918. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V125909.
61	PDGF-C mediates glomerular capillary repair.Am J Pathol. 2010 Jul;177(1):58-69. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091008. Epub 2010 May 20.
62	Induction of progressive glomerulonephritis by podocyte-specific overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor-D.Kidney Int. 2011 Dec;80(12):1292-305. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.278. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
63	PKN1 kinase-negative knock-in mice develop splenomegaly and leukopenia at advanced age without obvious autoimmune-like phenotypes.Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 27;9(1):13977. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50419-2.
64	Serum uromodulin-a marker of kidney function and renal parenchymal integrity.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018 Feb 1;33(2):284-295. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw422.
65	Idiopathic non-lupus full-house nephropathy is associated with poor renal outcome.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Apr 1;32(4):654-662. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx020.
66	An ACTH-induced renal glomerular lesion in the mouse: immunofluorescence microscopy.J Pathol. 1983 Mar;139(3):363-78. doi: 10.1002/path.1711390311.
67	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist troglitazone protects against nondiabetic glomerulosclerosis in rats.Kidney Int. 2001 May;59(5):1899-910. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590051899.x.
68	Proteinase-3 and myeloperoxidase serotype in relation to demographic factors and geographic distribution in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019 Feb 1;34(2):301-308. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy106.
69	Mechanisms of glomerular injury in experimental immune nephritis. II. Effect of a platelet activating factor receptor antagonist in an autologous nephritis model.Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1991;39(5-6):575-86.
70	Impaired response of regulator of Gq signaling-2 mRNA to angiotensin II and hypertensive renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.Hypertens Res. 2016 Apr;39(4):210-6. doi: 10.1038/hr.2015.132. Epub 2015 Nov 26.
71	Loquat leaf polysaccharides improve glomerular injury in rats with anti-Thy 1 nephritis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway.Am J Transl Res. 2019 Jun 15;11(6):3531-3542. eCollection 2019.
72	Renal SGLT mRNA expression in human health and disease: a study in two cohorts.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2019 Nov 1;317(5):F1224-F1230. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00370.2019. Epub 2019 Sep 23.
73	Activation of STAT3/Smad1 is a key signaling pathway for progression to glomerulosclerosis in experimental glomerulonephritis.J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 25;280(8):7100-6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M411064200. Epub 2004 Dec 9.
74	Blockade of osteopontin inhibits glomerular fibrosis in a model of anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis.Am J Nephrol. 2010;32(4):324-31. doi: 10.1159/000319490. Epub 2010 Aug 19.
75	A small-molecule macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonist protects against glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone NZB/NZW F1 and MRL/lpr mice.J Immunol. 2011 Jan 1;186(1):527-38. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001767. Epub 2010 Nov 24.
76	Urinary podocyte mRNA is a potent biomarker of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis.Clin Exp Nephrol. 2020 Mar;24(3):242-252. doi: 10.1007/s10157-019-01823-5. Epub 2019 Nov 25.
77	Effect of thromboxane A2 inhibition and antagonism on prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis in glomerular immune injury.J Lab Clin Med. 1999 Nov;134(5):478-82. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2143(99)90169-5.
78	TLR3-dependent immune regulatory functions of human mesangial cells.Cell Mol Immunol. 2012 Jul;9(4):334-40. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2012.3. Epub 2012 Apr 2.
79	Association of BAFF, APRIL serum levels, BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA expression on peripheral B-cell subsets with clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus. 2016 May;25(6):582-92. doi: 10.1177/0961203315608254. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
80	NF-B upregulates ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 in diseased podocytes in glomerulonephritis.Mol Med Rep. 2015 Aug;12(2):2893-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3780. Epub 2015 May 13.
81	UCH-L1 Expressed by Podocytes: a Potentially Therapeutic Target for Lupus Nephritis?.Inflammation. 2017 Apr;40(2):657-665. doi: 10.1007/s10753-017-0512-x.
82	Administration of activated lymphocyte-derived DNA accelerates and aggravates lupus nephritis in B6/lpr mice: a new approach to modify a lupus murine model.Clin Exp Immunol. 2018 Sep;193(3):302-312. doi: 10.1111/cei.13147. Epub 2018 Jul 23.
83	Nitric oxide mediates prolyl hydroxylase 3 expression in mesangial cells and in glomerulonephritis.J Mol Med (Berl). 2017 Mar;95(3):257-271. doi: 10.1007/s00109-016-1503-3. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
84	A novel, dual role of CCN3 in experimental glomerulonephritis: pro-angiogenic and antimesangioproliferative effects.Am J Pathol. 2012 May;180(5):1979-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.031.
85	In Situ Imaging of Tissue Remodeling with Collagen Hybridizing Peptides.ACS Nano. 2017 Oct 24;11(10):9825-9835. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03150. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
86	Decoy receptor 3 inhibits renal mononuclear leukocyte infiltration and apoptosis and prevents progression of IgA nephropathy in mice.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 Dec;301(6):F1218-30. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2011. Epub 2011 Sep 7.
87	Atypical chemokine receptors-"chemokine PACMANs" as new therapeutic targets in glomerulonephritis.Kidney Int. 2018 Apr;93(4):774-775. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.12.021.
88	The Sjgren's syndrome-associated autoantigen Ro52/TRIM21 modulates follicular B cell homeostasis and immunoglobulin production.Clin Exp Immunol. 2018 Dec;194(3):315-326. doi: 10.1111/cei.13211. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
89	Epitope spreading and autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats induced by a T cell epitope of Goodpasture's antigen.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Sep;16(9):2657-66. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004100823. Epub 2005 Jul 27.
90	OTUB1 overexpression in mesangial cells is a novel regulator in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis through the decrease of DCN level.PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29654. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029654. Epub 2012 Jan 18.
91	Combination therapy with lamivudine and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker for hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis with mild to moderate proteinuria: a clinical review of 38 cases.Int Urol Nephrol. 2017 Jun;49(6):1049-1056. doi: 10.1007/s11255-017-1563-5. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
92	Upregulated expression of cardiac ankyrin-repeated protein in renal podocytes is associated with proteinuria severity in lupus nephritis.Hum Pathol. 2007 Mar;38(3):410-9. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.09.006. Epub 2007 Jan 19.
93	CD38 promotes pristane-induced chronic inflammation and increases susceptibility to experimental lupus by an apoptosis-driven and TRPM2-dependent mechanism.Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 20;8(1):3357. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21337-6.
94	C5b-9 membrane attack complex mediates endothelial cell apoptosis in experimental glomerulonephritis.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 May;278(5):F747-57. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.5.F747.
95	Membranoproliferative pattern of glomerular injury associated with complement component 9 deficiency due to Arg95Stop mutation.Clin Exp Nephrol. 2011 Feb;15(1):86-91. doi: 10.1007/s10157-010-0358-0. Epub 2010 Nov 6.
96	Potential role for monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4) in monocyte/macrophage recruitment in acute renal inflammation.J Pathol. 2001 Jun;194(2):239-46. doi: 10.1002/path.877.
97	Auto-antibody production and glomerulonephritis in congenic Slamf1-/- and Slamf2-/- [B6.129] but not in Slamf1-/- and Slamf2-/- [BALB/c.129] mice.Int Immunol. 2011 Feb;23(2):149-58. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxq465. Epub 2011 Jan 28.
98	1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 is a novel receptor for IgA in human mesangial cells.Kidney Int. 2017 Dec;92(6):1458-1468. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
99	Increased Goodpasture antigen-binding protein expression induces type IV collagen disorganization and deposit of immunoglobulin A in glomerular basement membrane.Am J Pathol. 2007 Nov;171(5):1419-30. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070205. Epub 2007 Oct 4.
100	Acute presentation and persistent glomerulonephritis following streptococcal infection in a patient with heterozygous complement factor H-related protein 5 deficiency.Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Jul;60(1):121-5. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.02.329. Epub 2012 Apr 13.
101	Carnosinase, diabetes mellitus and the potential relevance of carnosinase deficiency.J Inherit Metab Dis. 2018 Jan;41(1):39-47. doi: 10.1007/s10545-017-0099-2. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
102	Smooth-muscle calponin in mesangial cells: regulation of expression and a role in suppressing glomerulonephritis.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Feb;13(2):322-331. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V132322.
103	Alterations in chromatin are associated with increases in collagen III expression in aging nephropathy.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 Feb;300(2):F531-9. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00237.2010. Epub 2010 Jul 7.
104	Novel X-linked glomerulopathy is associated with a COL4A5 missense mutation in a non-collagenous interruption.Kidney Int. 2011 Jan;79(1):120-7. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.354. Epub 2010 Sep 29.
105	Serum levels of DNAJB9 are elevated in fibrillaryglomerulonephritis patients.Kidney Int. 2019 May;95(5):1269-1272. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.024. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
106	Enforced Bcl-2 expression in B lymphocytes induces rheumatoid factor and anti-DNA production, but the Yaa mutation promotes only anti-DNA production.Eur J Immunol. 2004 Apr;34(4):1077-84. doi: 10.1002/eji.200424859.
107	Point mutations of single amino acids abolish ability of alpha3 NC1 domain to elicit experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats.J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 21;278(47):46516-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M211951200. Epub 2003 Sep 11.
108	Fibrillin-1 regulates mesangial cell attachment, spreading, migration and proliferation.Kidney Int. 2006 Feb;69(3):450-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000030.
109	Urinary levels of the leukocyte surface molecule CD11b associate with glomerular inflammation in lupus nephritis.Kidney Int. 2019 Mar;95(3):680-692. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.025. Epub 2019 Jan 31.
110	Inactivation of MAP3K7 in FOXD1-expressing cells results in loss of mesangial PDGFR and juvenile kidney scarring.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2018 Aug 1;315(2):F336-F344. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00493.2017. Epub 2018 Apr 18.
111	Roles of layilin in TNF--induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Nov 6;467(1):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.121. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
112	Induction and coexpression of latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-1 and fibrillin-1 in experimental glomerulonephritis.Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2006;102(3-4):e99-104. doi: 10.1159/000089688. Epub 2005 Nov 11.
113	Essential Roles for Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease-1/3 in the Development of Lupus-Like Glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr Mice.Front Immunol. 2018 May 28;9:1191. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01191. eCollection 2018.
114	A Bayesian Approach for Analysis of Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing Data Identifies Disease-Associated Changes in DNA Methylation.Genetics. 2017 Apr;205(4):1443-1458. doi: 10.1534/genetics.116.195008. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
115	Advances in the understanding of MYH9 disorders.Curr Opin Hematol. 2010 Sep;17(5):405-10. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e32833c069c.
116	Overexpression of interferon-activated gene 202 (Ifi202) correlates with the progression of autoimmune glomerulonephritis associated with the MRL chromosome 1.Lupus. 2010 Jul;19(8):897-905. doi: 10.1177/0961203310362534. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
117	Small Red Blood Cell Fraction on the UF-1000i Urine Analyzer as a Screening Tool to Detect Dysmorphic Red Blood Cells for Diagnosing Glomerulonephritis.Ann Lab Med. 2019 May;39(3):271-277. doi: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.3.271.
118	Evaluation of Tryptic Podocin Peptide in Urine Sediment Using LC-MS-MRM Method as a Potential Biomarker of Glomerular Injury in Dogs with Clinical Signs of Renal and Cardiac Disorders.Molecules. 2019 Aug 26;24(17):3088. doi: 10.3390/molecules24173088.
119	Mutation of Plekha7 attenuates salt-sensitive hypertension in the rat.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Sep 2;111(35):12817-22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1410745111. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
120	Whole-exome sequencing reveals POC5 as a novel gene associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet. 2018 Feb 15;27(4):614-624. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddx428.
121	Anti-perforin antibody treatment ameliorates experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in WKY rats.Kidney Int. 2007 Oct;72(7):823-30. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002424. Epub 2007 Jul 11.
122	Lisinopril protects against the adriamycin nephropathy and reverses the renalase reduction: potential role of renalase in adriamycin nephropathy.Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013;37(4-5):295-304. doi: 10.1159/000350157. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
123	T cell vaccination therapy in an induced model of anti-RNP autoimmune glomerulonephritis.Clin Immunol. 2010 Nov;137(2):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.013. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
124	Altered expression level of a systemic nuclear autoantigen determines the fate of immune response to self.J Immunol. 1999 Jun 1;162(11):6482-91.
125	Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 regulates mesangial cell proliferation in proliferative glomerulonephritis in mice.PLoS One. 2015 Apr 2;10(4):e0122773. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122773. eCollection 2015.
126	Neutrophil FcRIIA promotes IgG-mediated glomerular neutrophil capture via Abl/Src kinases.J Clin Invest. 2017 Oct 2;127(10):3810-3826. doi: 10.1172/JCI94039. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
127	Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuate rat anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis through mediating pyruvate dehydrogenase.Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Aug;116:109020. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109020. Epub 2019 May 29.
128	Patrolling monocytes promote the pathogenesis of early lupus-like glomerulonephritis.J Clin Invest. 2019 Apr 29;129(6):2251-2265. doi: 10.1172/JCI125116. eCollection 2019 Apr 29.
129	Effective methylprednisolone dose in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis.Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Feb;37(2):411-7. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2001.21329.