Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISCVGPZ)

Disease Name	Lupus nephritis
Synonyms	Nephritides, lupus; glomerulonephritis, lupus; nephritis, lupus; lupus Glomerulonephritides; lupus Nephritides; Glomerulonephritides, lupus; lupus glomerulonephritis; lupus nephritis; SLE nephritis
Disease Class	4A40: Lupus erythematosus
Definition	Glomerulonephritis in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Disease Hierarchy	DISPZIQ3: Glomerulonephritis DISCVGPZ: Lupus nephritis
ICD Code	ICD-11 ICD-11: 4A40.0Y
Disease Identifiers	MONDO ID MONDO_0005556 MESH ID D008181 UMLS CUI C0024143 MedGen ID 6147 HPO ID HP:0033726 SNOMED CT ID 68815009

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 12 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Azathioprine	DMMZSXQ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Cyclophosphamide	DM4O2Z7	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Infliximab	DMH7OIA	Approved	Antibody	[3]
Leflunomide	DMR8ONJ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Methylprednisolone	DM4BDON	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Mycophenolate mofetil	DMPQAGE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Mycophenolic acid	DMRBMAU	Approved	NA	[7]
Prednisolone	DMQ8FR2	Approved	Small molecular drug	[8]
Rituximab	DM1YVZT	Approved	Antibody	[7]
Tacrolimus	DMZ7XNQ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[9]
Teriflunomide	DMQ2FKJ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[10]
Voclosporin	DMWIJTN	Approved	Small molecular drug	[11]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 12 Drug(s)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Drugs in Phase 2 Trial

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Cyclosporin A	DMUYKBZ	Phase 2 Trial	Small molecular drug	[12]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Daxdilimab	DM5BV5H	Phase 2	Monoclonal antibody	[13]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 69 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
AHCY	TTE2KUJ	Limited	Altered Expression	[14]
BGN	TT0JPVF	Limited	Biomarker	[15]
BTK	TTGM6VW	Limited	Biomarker	[16]
CCL17	TTMPHAE	Limited	Altered Expression	[17]
DDR1	TTI1FPZ	Limited	Biomarker	[18]
DDX58	TTVB0O3	Limited	Biomarker	[19]
FCGR3A	TTIFOC0	Limited	Altered Expression	[20]
GAS6	TT69QD2	Limited	Altered Expression	[21]
ITGAE	TTH0Z37	Limited	Biomarker	[22]
KLK1	TT5T3P6	Limited	Biomarker	[23]
PLA2R1	TTHKW7D	Limited	Genetic Variation	[24]
PRTN3	TT5MLC4	Limited	Biomarker	[25]
PSMB8	TTEAD9J	Limited	Biomarker	[26]
SCARB1	TTRE324	Limited	Genetic Variation	[27]
TLR5	TTCXP8J	Limited	Genetic Variation	[28]
TNFRSF13B	TTL9OD4	Limited	Biomarker	[29]
TNFRSF13C	TT7NJSE	Limited	Biomarker	[29]
TNFRSF4	TTL31H0	Limited	Biomarker	[30]
TNFSF12	TTBTDM1	Limited	Biomarker	[31]
TRAF6	TTCDR6M	Limited	Altered Expression	[32]
CXCL10	TTQOVYA	Disputed	Biomarker	[17]
BACH1	TT2ME4S	moderate	Biomarker	[33]
BLK	TTNDSC3	moderate	Genetic Variation	[34]
BTLA	TTER58P	moderate	Altered Expression	[35]
C1S	TT7LRQH	moderate	Altered Expression	[36]
C5	TTKANGO	moderate	Biomarker	[37]
CFB	TTA0P7K	moderate	Biomarker	[38]
CMKLR1	TT4UGZL	moderate	Biomarker	[39]
DNASE1	TTYWGOJ	moderate	Altered Expression	[40]
E2F2	TT5FYX0	moderate	Biomarker	[41]
EPHX2	TT7WVHI	moderate	Altered Expression	[42]
FCAR	TTGUJAO	moderate	Biomarker	[43]
FOSL2	TT689IR	moderate	Biomarker	[44]
GSTA1	TT4P8DE	moderate	Genetic Variation	[45]
HSPE1	TTWYMFE	moderate	Biomarker	[46]
IL20	TTNZMY2	moderate	Biomarker	[47]
IL23A	TTC1GLB	moderate	Biomarker	[48]
IL37	TTQTX98	moderate	Biomarker	[48]
LCN2	TTKTLAI	moderate	Biomarker	[49]
MTNR1A	TT0WAIE	moderate	Altered Expression	[50]
PTPRZ1	TT4SEA8	moderate	Biomarker	[51]
TNFSF13B	TTWMIDN	moderate	Biomarker	[52]
TRIM27	TTTO3QN	moderate	Biomarker	[53]
UCHL1	TTX9IFP	moderate	Altered Expression	[54]
USP2	TTUEQ1W	moderate	Biomarker	[55]
C3AR1	TTI6B3F	Strong	Altered Expression	[56]
CD40	TT1ERKL	Strong	Biomarker	[57]
CD40LG	TTIJP3Q	Strong	Biomarker	[57]
CD80	TT89Z17	Strong	Biomarker	[58]
CXCL13	TT0NIZ1	Strong	Biomarker	[59]
CXCR5	TTIW59R	Strong	Biomarker	[59]
HTR1A	TTSQIFT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[60]
ICOSLG	TTB9Z8R	Strong	Biomarker	[61]
IRAK1	TTXAJWN	Strong	Genetic Variation	[62]
ITGB2	TTIJWR7	Strong	Biomarker	[63]
KLK4	TT4319X	Strong	Biomarker	[64]
RHBDF2	TTH1ZOP	Strong	Biomarker	[65]
RIPK4	TTB4S01	Strong	Biomarker	[66]
SERPING1	TTVQ6R9	Strong	Biomarker	[67]
TLR3	TTD24Y0	Strong	Altered Expression	[68]
TLR7	TTRJ1K4	Strong	Altered Expression	[69]
TNFAIP3	TT5W0IO	Strong	Biomarker	[54]
TNFSF13	TTOI1RM	Strong	Biomarker	[70]
TNFSF4	TTBW580	Strong	Genetic Variation	[71]
VCAM1	TTHCEF6	Strong	Biomarker	[72]
APOL1	TTDB8PW	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[73]
ITGAM	TTB69FJ	Definitive	Altered Expression	[63]
MMP2	TTLM12X	Definitive	Altered Expression	[74]
TNFRSF12A	TTKPS7V	Definitive	Biomarker	[75]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 69 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 3 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ABCD1	DTKM9DZ	Limited	Biomarker	[76]
SLC5A11	DT2CAPQ	Limited	Genetic Variation	[77]
ABCC11	DTWN7FC	moderate	Biomarker	[78]
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This Disease Is Related to 3 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
PTGDS	DER3H9C	Limited	Biomarker	[79]
PGM1	DEA3VM1	moderate	Altered Expression	[80]
PON3	DETXQZ1	moderate	Genetic Variation	[81]
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This Disease Is Related to 86 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
AIM2	OT86QUI8	Limited	Biomarker	[82]
ANP32B	OT3SQMLU	Limited	Biomarker	[83]
BAGE3	OTBUMTWL	Limited	Genetic Variation	[84]
BARX2	OT0R3QD3	Limited	Genetic Variation	[27]
CAMK1D	OTU24HAU	Limited	Genetic Variation	[27]
CAMK4	OT47RDGV	Limited	Biomarker	[65]
CFHR3	OTYL8SDO	Limited	Biomarker	[85]
CFHR5	OT7BMOYE	Limited	Biomarker	[85]
CYCS	OTBFALJD	Limited	Biomarker	[86]
DNASE1L3	OTEUIMC2	Limited	Altered Expression	[40]
EMB	OT67E3Q1	Limited	Biomarker	[87]
FCN3	OTPRENLS	Limited	Biomarker	[88]
FSTL1	OT6KEZUD	Limited	Altered Expression	[89]
GC	OTWS63BY	Limited	Biomarker	[90]
IFNA17	OTHXRYG3	Limited	Biomarker	[91]
IL18BP	OTW0LRYZ	Limited	Altered Expression	[92]
IRGM	OTKD3O5Z	Limited	Biomarker	[91]
MT1B	OTUA4FFH	Limited	Altered Expression	[93]
MT1E	OTXJKU4Y	Limited	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1F	OTZVUYG1	Limited	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1G	OTAV1OCR	Limited	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1H	OT0MVBM6	Limited	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1M	OTVT8PLU	Limited	Altered Expression	[50]
MT1X	OT9AKFVS	Limited	Altered Expression	[50]
MTMR3	OTBIT23O	Limited	Biomarker	[91]
MYH9	OT94Z706	Limited	Genetic Variation	[94]
NIN	OTVH3M4Z	Limited	Genetic Variation	[77]
NT5C1A	OTS7UF36	Limited	Biomarker	[95]
PHYH	OTUG4BWA	Limited	Altered Expression	[96]
PODXL	OTPNQXF3	Limited	Biomarker	[97]
RAPGEF5	OT53VS75	Limited	Biomarker	[98]
SERPINA3	OT9BP2S0	Limited	Biomarker	[99]
STAT4	OTAK3VFR	Limited	Genetic Variation	[100]
TNIP1	OTRAOTEW	Limited	Genetic Variation	[101]
TRIM21	OTA4UJCF	Limited	Biomarker	[102]
ADD2	OTRCPCD2	moderate	Genetic Variation	[103]
AGA	OTNWT1WB	moderate	Genetic Variation	[104]
AIMP1	OTTA5C3U	moderate	Biomarker	[105]
ALG1	OTVXPA9E	moderate	Altered Expression	[50]
ANKRD50	OTTLA4W2	moderate	Genetic Variation	[104]
API5	OTYX9YCZ	moderate	Altered Expression	[106]
CARD9	OTJ81AWD	moderate	Altered Expression	[107]
CCL3L1	OTQXCYB1	moderate	Genetic Variation	[108]
CLEC4E	OT7P8ICY	moderate	Biomarker	[109]
CLEC7A	OTRTBH27	moderate	Altered Expression	[107]
CMIP	OTZN8Z4A	moderate	Biomarker	[110]
CP	OTM8JE4Y	moderate	Altered Expression	[111]
EXT1	OTRPALJK	moderate	Genetic Variation	[112]
EXT2	OT8IR5QN	moderate	Biomarker	[112]
FAM167A	OT9JF3JQ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[34]
FCN1	OTK6ZHXH	moderate	Biomarker	[113]
FCRLA	OT6MK4M1	moderate	Genetic Variation	[27]
FLT3LG	OTU0YGC4	moderate	Altered Expression	[114]
GPRC5B	OTF3S5E3	moderate	Altered Expression	[115]
GTF2I	OTUYL1TQ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[116]
HPX	OT14T7Q1	moderate	Biomarker	[117]
IFI35	OTV9RZ53	moderate	Altered Expression	[118]
IFI44	OTOKSZVA	moderate	Altered Expression	[119]
IGBP1	OTTHH4YE	moderate	Biomarker	[120]
IKZF1	OTCW1FKL	moderate	Genetic Variation	[121]
IL10RA	OTOX3D1D	moderate	Altered Expression	[122]
IL22RA2	OTGOFDCY	moderate	Altered Expression	[123]
IL34	OTZ15VVK	moderate	Biomarker	[124]
ITPRIP	OT9YEJXS	moderate	Biomarker	[78]
LAPTM5	OT2XI2JG	moderate	Altered Expression	[125]
OTUB1	OT8WWM9O	moderate	Altered Expression	[126]
PAK5	OT32WQGL	moderate	Genetic Variation	[104]
PSME3	OTSTC4YY	moderate	Altered Expression	[26]
PTX3	OTPXHRKU	moderate	Biomarker	[127]
RTN3	OTGZ51QF	moderate	Biomarker	[128]
SAFB	OTGRV2LW	moderate	Biomarker	[128]
SH3BP2	OT90JNBS	moderate	Biomarker	[129]
TNIP2	OTDQWTUB	moderate	Altered Expression	[130]
TRAP1	OTNG0L8J	moderate	Biomarker	[131]
TRIM15	OTNYAKP6	moderate	Biomarker	[132]
TTC34	OT6UGMDV	moderate	Biomarker	[132]
ANKRD1	OTHJ7JV9	Strong	Altered Expression	[133]
CABIN1	OT4G5CIK	Strong	Biomarker	[95]
FCN2	OTTHJBKZ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[134]
FGB	OT6RKLI9	Strong	Biomarker	[135]
HAVCR1	OT184CRZ	Strong	Biomarker	[136]
LY6E	OTMG16BZ	Strong	Biomarker	[137]
MUC20	OTYYE1GK	Strong	Altered Expression	[138]
MX1	OT6X8G5T	Strong	Altered Expression	[139]
PLAAT4	OTI66SAJ	Strong	Biomarker	[140]
SNRPE	OT18J6E8	Strong	Therapeutic	[141]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 86 DOT(s)

References

1	Azathioprine FDA Label
2	Cyclophosphamide FDA Label
3	Infliximab biosimilar-induced lupus nephritis: A case report. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2023 Dec 29;8(1):74-76.
4	Leflunomide FDA Label
5	Methylprednisolone FDA Label
6	Mycophenolate mofetil FDA Label
7	2019 Update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jun;79(6):713-723.
8	Prednisolone FDA Label
9	Tacrolimus FDA Label
10	Teriflunomide FDA Label
11	Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health Human Services. 2021
12	Efficacy and safety of Iguratimod as an add-on therapy for refractory lupus nephritis: A preliminary investigational study. Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 8;14:1062919.
13	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05540665) A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Daxdilimab in Adult Participants With Active Proliferative Lupus Nephritis. U.S.National Institutes of Health.
14	Reversible SAHH inhibitor protects against glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice by downregulating renal -actinin-4 expression and stabilizing integrin-cytoskeleton linkage.Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jan 29;21(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1820-3.
15	Biglycan, a novel trigger of Th1 and Th17 cell recruitment into the kidney.Matrix Biol. 2018 Aug;68-69:293-317. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.002. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
16	Increased expression of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in peripheral blood is associated with lupus nephritis.Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Jan;37(1):43-49. doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3717-3. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
17	Identification of Low-Abundance Urinary Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis Using Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassays.Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 May;71(5):744-755. doi: 10.1002/art.40813. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
18	Targeting the tyrosine kinase signalling pathways for treatment of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis: from bench to bedside and beyond.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Jan 1;32(suppl_1):i129-i138. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw336.
19	Genetic polymorphisms of dsRNA ligating pattern recognition receptors TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I. Association with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical phenotypes.Rheumatol Int. 2014 Oct;34(10):1401-8. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-3012-4. Epub 2014 Apr 10.
20	Intracapillary immune complexes recruit and activate slan-expressing CD16+ monocytes in human lupus nephritis.JCI Insight. 2018 Jun 7;3(11):e96492. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.96492. eCollection 2018 Jun 7.
21	Plasma sMer, sAxl and GAS6 levels correlate with disease activity and severity in lupus nephritis.Eur J Clin Invest. 2019 Mar;49(3):e13064. doi: 10.1111/eci.13064. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
22	CD8+CD103+ iTregs Inhibit Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease with Lupus Nephritis by the Increased Expression of CD39.Mol Ther. 2019 Nov 6;27(11):1963-1973. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.014. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
23	Kallikrein genes are associated with lupus and glomerular basement membrane-specific antibody-induced nephritis in mice and humans.J Clin Invest. 2009 Apr;119(4):911-23. doi: 10.1172/JCI36728.
24	Genetic risk variants for membranous nephropathy: extension of and association with other chronic kidney disease aetiologies.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Feb 1;32(2):325-332. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw001. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
25	ANCA positivity at the time of renal biopsy is associated with chronicity index of lupus nephritis.Rheumatol Int. 2019 May;39(5):879-884. doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04263-2. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
26	The proteasome activator REG counteracts immunoproteasome expression and autoimmunity.J Autoimmun. 2019 Sep;103:102282. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 Jun 4.
27	Response to Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Treatment for Lupus Nephritis Associated with Polymorphisms in the FCGR2B-FCRLA Locus.J Rheumatol. 2016 Jun;43(6):1045-9. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150665. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
28	Relevant genetic polymorphisms and kidney expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-5 and TLR-9 in lupus nephritis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2017 Dec;190(3):328-339. doi: 10.1111/cei.13022. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
29	TACI deletion protects against progressive murine lupus nephritis induced by BAFF overexpression.Kidney Int. 2018 Oct;94(4):728-740. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.03.012. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
30	The Ox40/Ox40 Ligand Pathway Promotes Pathogenic Th Cell Responses, Plasmablast Accumulation, and Lupus Nephritis in NZB/W F1 Mice.J Immunol. 2017 Aug 15;199(4):1238-1249. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700608. Epub 2017 Jul 10.
31	Combined utilization of untimed single urine of MCP-1 and TWEAK as a potential indicator for proteinuria in lupus nephritis: A case-control study.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Apr;97(16):e0343. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010343.
32	The role of miR-146b-5p in TLR4 pathway of glomerular mesangial cells with lupus nephritis.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Mar;22(6):1737-1743. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201803_14589.
33	Dysregulated heme oxygenase-1(low) M2-like macrophages augment lupus nephritis via Bach1 induced by type I interferons.Arthritis Res Ther. 2018 Apr 10;20(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13075-018-1568-1.
34	Further evidence of subphenotype association with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility loci: a European cases only study.PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045356. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
35	BTLA Expression on Th1, Th2 and Th17 Effector T-Cells of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Associated with Active Disease.Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 11;20(18):4505. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184505.
36	Gene expression analysis detected a low expression level of C1s gene in ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) mice.Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2013;123(3-4):34-45. doi: 10.1159/000354057. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
37	Mesenchymal Stem Cells Control Complement C5 Activation by Factor H in Lupus Nephritis.EBioMedicine. 2018 Jun;32:21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.034. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
38	Inhibition of the alternative complement pathway by antisense oligonucleotides targeting complement factor B improves lupus nephritis in mice.Immunobiology. 2016 Jun;221(6):701-8. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
39	The possible role of ChemR23/Chemerin axis in the recruitment of dendritic cells in lupus nephritis.Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(11):1228-35. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.32. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
40	Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Profiles in Patients with Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis.J Rheumatol. 2020 Mar;47(3):377-386. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181232. Epub 2019 May 15.
41	Whole-genome transcription and DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified aberrant gene regulation pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Jul 13;18:162. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1050-x.
42	Prophylactic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase delays onset of nephritis and ameliorates kidney damage in NZB/W F1 mice.Sci Rep. 2019 Jun 20;9(1):8993. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45299-5.
43	Targeted IgA Fc receptor I (FcRI) therapy in the early intervention and treatment of pristane-induced lupus nephritis in mice.Clin Exp Immunol. 2015 Sep;181(3):407-16. doi: 10.1111/cei.12647. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
44	Fra-2 is a novel candidate drug target expressed in the podocytes of lupus nephritis.Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec;197:179-185. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
45	The GSTA1 polymorphism and cyclophosphamide therapy outcomes in lupus nephritis patients.Clin Immunol. 2015 Oct;160(2):342-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.07.010. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
46	Recombinant chaperonin 10 suppresses cutaneous lupus and lupus nephritis in MRL-(Fas)lpr mice.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Apr;27(4):1358-67. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr544. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
47	Interleukin-20 targets renal mesangial cells and is associated with lupus nephritis.Clin Immunol. 2008 Nov;129(2):277-85. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.07.006. Epub 2008 Sep 3.
48	Analysis of interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 for estimating disease activity and predicting the response to treatment in active lupus nephritis patients.Immunol Lett. 2019 Jun;210:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
49	Polyomavirus BK, BKV microRNA, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used as potential biomarkers of lupus nephritis.PLoS One. 2019 Jan 14;14(1):e0210633. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210633. eCollection 2019.
50	The renal metallothionein expression profile is altered in human lupus nephritis.Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(4):R76. doi: 10.1186/ar2450. Epub 2008 Jul 6.
51	IL-34-Dependent Intrarenal and Systemic Mechanisms Promote Lupus Nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) Mice.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Feb;30(2):244-259. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018090901. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
52	Susceptibility of BAFF-var allele carriers to severe SLE with occurrence of lupus nephritis.BMC Nephrol. 2019 Nov 21;20(1):430. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1623-4.
53	Knockdown of TRIM27 expression suppresses the dysfunction of mesangial cells in lupus nephritis by FoxO1 pathway.J Cell Physiol. 2019 Jul;234(7):11555-11566. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27810. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
54	Role of A20/TNFAIP3 deficiency in lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.Clin Exp Nephrol. 2020 Feb;24(2):107-118. doi: 10.1007/s10157-019-01826-2. Epub 2019 Dec 7.
55	Expression of USP2-69 in mesangial cells in vivo and in vitro.Pathol Int. 2010 Mar;60(3):184-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02496.x.
56	High levels of complement C3a receptor in the glomeruli in lupus nephritis.Am J Kidney Dis. 2007 May;49(5):598-606. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.02.271.
57	Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single rising doses of BI 655064, an antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody in healthy subjects: a potential novel treatment for autoimmune diseases.Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;74(2):161-169. doi: 10.1007/s00228-017-2362-8. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
58	The preliminary efficacy evaluation of the CTLA-4-Ig treatment against Lupus nephritis through in-silico analyses.J Theor Biol. 2019 Jun 21;471:74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.017. Epub 2019 Mar 27.
59	MicroRNA-155 Suppresses Mesangial Cell Proliferation and TGF-1 Production via Inhibiting CXCR5-ERK Signaling Pathway in Lupus Nephritis.Inflammation. 2019 Feb;42(1):255-263. doi: 10.1007/s10753-018-0889-1.
60	Fluctuation in self-perceived stress and increased risk of flare in patients with lupus nephritis carrying the serotonin receptor 1A -1019 G allele.Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Oct;54(10):3291-9. doi: 10.1002/art.22135.
61	Involvement of inducible costimulator-B7 homologous protein costimulatory pathway in murine lupus nephritis.J Immunol. 2003 Sep 15;171(6):2848-54. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.2848.
62	Association between miRNA-146a and Polymorphisms of its Target Gene, IRAK1, Regarding Susceptibility to and Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus Erythematous and Multiple Sclerosis.Lab Med. 2019 Jan 1;50(1):34-41. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmy033.
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