Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS3U9HN)

• Disease Name: Allergic rhinitis
• Synonyms: Alrh; non-seasonal allergic rhinitis; seasonal allergic rhinitis; perennial allergic rhinitis; atopic rhinitis; Perenial allergic rhinitis; allergic form of rhinitis; allergic rhinitis; pollenosis
• Disease Class: CA08: Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis
• Definition: Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes caused by an IgE-mediated response to external allergens. The inflammation may also involve the mucous membranes of the sinuses, eyes, middle ear, and pharynx. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and itching. It may lead to fatigue, drowsiness, and malaise thus causing impairment of the quality of life.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISKLMN7: Rhinitis
  DISAAZU9: Respiratory allergy
  DIS3U9HN: Allergic rhinitis
• ICD Code:
  ICD-11: ICD-11: CA08.0
  Expand ICD-11: 'CA08.0
  Expand ICD-10: 'J30-J39; 'J30; 'J30.4
  Expand ICD-9: 472.0,477,995.3
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0011786
  MESH ID: D065631
  UMLS CUI: C2607914
  OMIM ID: 607154
  MedGen ID: 382012
  HPO ID: HP:0003193
  SNOMED CT ID: 61582004

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 78 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Acrivastine	DMTIGA0	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Antazoline	DMA04JS	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Avanz	DMLK1VG	Approved	NA	[4]
Azatadine	DMZ80SB	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Azelastine	DMXTMBJ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Beclomethasone	DMZPHIK	Approved	Small molecular drug	[7]
Bepotastine	DMXDZAQ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[8]
Betamethasone	DMAHJEF	Approved	Small molecular drug	[9]
Brompheniramine	DMFOVSD	Approved	Small molecular drug	[10]
Budesonide	DMJIBAW	Approved	Small molecular drug	[11]
Caffeine	DMKBJWP	Approved	Small molecular drug	[12]
Carbinoxamine	DMCT31R	Approved	Small molecular drug	[13]
Cetirizine	DMOMP9U	Approved	Small molecular drug	[14]
Chlophedianol	DMXGJEI	Approved	Small molecular drug	[15]
Chlorpheniramine	DM5URA2	Approved	Small molecular drug	[16]
Ciclesonide	DM2NA4K	Approved	Small molecular drug	[17]
Clemastine	DMBZWQL	Approved	Small molecular drug	[18]
Codeine	DMJX6ZG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[19]
Cortisone Acetate	DMG8K57	Approved	Small molecular drug	[20]
Cromoglicate	DM74LZK	Approved	Small molecular drug	[21]
Cyclizine	DM9G7BS	Approved	Small molecular drug	[22]
Cyproheptadine	DM92AH3	Approved	Small molecular drug	[23]
Desloratadine	DM56YN7	Approved	Small molecular drug	[24]
Desonide	DMTP2NJ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[25]
Dexamethasone	DMMWZET	Approved	Small molecular drug	[26]
Dexbrompheniramine	DMKVWGE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[27]
Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate	DMA8DPN	Approved	Small molecular drug	[28]
Dextromethorphan	DMUDJZM	Approved	Small molecular drug	[29]
Diphenylpyraline	DMW4X37	Approved	Small molecular drug	[30]
Doxylamine	DMKOXFE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[31]
Ephedrine	DMMV0KW	Approved	Small molecular drug	[32]
Epoprostenol	DMUTYR2	Approved	Small molecular drug	[33]
Fexofenadine	DM17ONX	Approved	Small molecular drug	[34]
Flunisolide	DMZSWQC	Approved	Small molecular drug	[35]
Fluticasone	DMGCSVF	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Fluticasone propionate	DMRWLB2	Approved	NA	[36]
Glycine	DMIOZ29	Approved	Small molecular drug	[37]
Grastek	DMZMXGT	Approved	NA	[38]
Grazax	DM9MD7J	Approved	NA	[4]
GW685698X	DML72VJ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[39]
Hydrocodone	DMQ2JO5	Approved	Small molecular drug	[40]
Hydrocortisone	DMGEMB7	Approved	Small molecular drug	[41]
Hydroxyzine	DMF8Y74	Approved	Small molecular drug	[42]
Isopropamide iodide	DMQYV60	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Levocetirizine	DMQYLGP	Approved	Small molecular drug	[43]
Levocetirizine dihydrochloride	DMW6ZJI	Approved	Small molecular drug	[44]
Loratadine	DMF3AN7	Approved	Small molecular drug	[45]
Mepyramine	DMB4SFH	Approved	Small molecular drug	[46]
Mequitazine	DMAFBCY	Approved	Small molecular drug	[47]
Methdilazine	DMAUHQX	Approved	Small molecular drug	[48]
Methylprednisolone	DM4BDON	Approved	Small molecular drug	[49]
Mizolastine	DM1FDN8	Approved	Small molecular drug	[50]
Mometasone	DM45OJN	Approved	Small molecular drug	[51]
Montelukast	DMD157S	Approved	Small molecular drug	[52]
Olopatadine	DMKMWQG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[53]
Pemirolast	DML97WV	Approved	Small molecular drug	[54]
Phenindamine	DMDTC7R	Approved	Small molecular drug	[39]
Pheniramine	DMCH7RU	Approved	Small molecular drug	[55]
Phenylephrine	DMZHUO5	Approved	Small molecular drug	[56]
Potassium iodide	DMPO7S1	Approved	Small molecular drug	[57]
Pranlukast	DMYHDCA	Approved	Small molecular drug	[58]
Prednisolone	DMQ8FR2	Approved	Small molecular drug	[59]
Prednisone	DM2HG4X	Approved	Small molecular drug	[60]
Promazine	DMZAL7W	Approved	Small molecular drug	[61]
Pseudoephedrine	DMIVJ0D	Approved	Small molecular drug	[32]
Ragwitek	DMVA8RM	Approved	NA	[38]
Salicyclic acid	DM2F8XZ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[39]
Scopolamine	DMOM8AL	Approved	Small molecular drug	[62]
Tranilast	DME5Y64	Approved	Small molecular drug	[63]
Triamcinolone	DM98IXF	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Trimeprazine	DMEMV9D	Approved	Small molecular drug	[64]
Tripelennamine	DMZBU15	Approved	Small molecular drug	[65]
Triprolidine	DM7SWIA	Approved	Small molecular drug	[32]
Beclomethasone dipropionate	DM5NW1E	Phase 4	NA	[66]
Chlorphenamine	DM6C4YJ	Phase 4	NA	[67]
Dihydrocodeine	DMB0FWL	Phase 4	Small molecular drug	[12]
Xylometazoline	DMKV32D	Phase 4	Small molecular drug	[68]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 35 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Cedar pollen allergen extract	DM30LYB	Phase 3	NA	[69]
Ragweed extract	DMFPYV0	Phase 3	NA	[70]
Recombinant grass pollen allergens	DMLT6AX	Phase 3	NA	[71]
STAGR320	DMQZBU0	Phase 3	NA	[72]
ASP-1001	DMJYQTS	Phase 2/3	NA	[73]
Recombinant Bet v 1 immunotherapy	DM95EOL	Phase 2/3	NA	[74]
ADC-3680	DM8GHIX	Phase 2	NA	[75]
AZD-8848	DM0M7QW	Phase 2	NA	[76]
BM-32	DMM3DUQ	Phase 2	NA	[77]
CYT-005-allQbG10	DM75FFI	Phase 2	NA	[78]
Dust mite allergen extract	DM38FO4	Phase 2	NA	[79]
MEMP1972A	DMUMCWS	Phase 2	NA	[80]
MRX-4	DMQZWYE	Phase 2	NA	[81]
ONO-4053	DMX4MVP	Phase 2	NA	[82]
PF-3654764	DM5UAJA	Phase 2	NA	[83]
QAV-680	DMIZYV1	Phase 2	NA	[84]
QAX-576	DMUWFI7	Phase 2	NA	[85]
Recombinant birch pollen allergen	DMMKB8I	Phase 2	NA	[86]
RPL-554	DMLD4VQ	Phase 2	Small molecular drug	[87]
Tolamba	DMORFZD	Phase 2	Vaccine	[88]
Trichuris suis ova	DMJLYLY	Phase 2	NA	[89]
UR-63325	DME6X27	Phase 2	NA	[90]
VAK-694	DMKZL0V	Phase 2	NA	[91]
Votucalis	DMW4LTI	Phase 2	NA	[92]
CMP-1	DMB47ZL	Phase 1/2	NA	[93]
BMEC-1217B	DMJNFI2	Phase 1	NA	[94]
Chlorcyclizine	DM3L52Q	Phase 1	Small molecular drug	[95]
GW-328267	DMM1RB6	Phase 1	Small molecular drug	[96]
House dust mite allergy vaccine	DM9JLIO	Phase 1	NA	[97]
HPP404	DMUEZ7V	Phase 1	NA	[98]
SAR-389644	DMA6O9R	Phase 1	NA	[99]
STMC-103H	DMPX83E	Phase 1	Live biotherapeutic product	[100]
Timothy grass extract	DML9M5K	Phase 1	NA	[101]
VTX-1463	DM4ZIRK	Phase 1	NA	[102]
YM-57158	DMS31YW	Phase 1	Small molecular drug	[103]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 21 Discontinued Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Astemizole	DM2HN6Q	Withdrawn from market	Small molecular drug	[104]
Phenylpropanolamine	DMTFK3O	Withdrawn from market	Small molecular drug	[105]
CS-560	DMVDWFR	Discontinued in Phase 3	NA	[106]
OX-NLA	DMPEHBJ	Discontinued in Phase 3	Small molecular drug	[107]
AM-3301	DMWRTJG	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[108]
CP-118	DMNJD9H	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[109]
CS-712	DM14Z9U	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[110]
GSK835726	DMRNJPY	Discontinued in Phase 2	Small molecular drug	[111]
GW-559090	DM1FIN9	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[112]
Rofleponide	DM6OSPQ	Discontinued in Phase 2	Small molecular drug	[113]
SUN-1334H	DMWTLQ4	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[114]
TAK-427	DM17O71	Discontinued in Phase 2	Small molecular drug	[115]
Tolerizing peptide	DMQ0GFZ	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[116]
CYT-007-TNFQb	DMKFIBH	Discontinued in Phase 1/2	NA	[117]
DPC-168	DMA7DH0	Discontinued in Phase 1	NA	[118]
GSK1004723	DMEC6RD	Discontinued in Phase 1	Small molecular drug	[119]
ONO-4127	DMUSKY0	Discontinued in Phase 1	NA	[120]
Grass allergy vaccine	DMMB6OM	Terminated	NA	[121]
IGE-026	DM16S98	Terminated	NA	[122]
PLD-177	DMPHUBO	Terminated	NA	[123]
QAP-642	DM8RHST	Terminated	NA	[124]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 8 Investigative Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
ADC-9971	DMY6PMJ	Investigative	NA	[125]
AM-156	DMGCOQF	Investigative	Small molecular drug	[125]
CRTX-070	DMBV79R	Investigative	NA	[126]
IVN-birch	DMG1MCO	Investigative	NA	[127]
NPB-3	DMYPTGO	Investigative	NA	[127]
R112	DMVVAL4	Investigative	NA	[127]
SUN-0597	DMOLMY9	Investigative	NA	[127]
T2CA	DM6GS4A	Investigative	NA	[127]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 69 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ABCA1	TTJW1GN	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
DYRK4	TTCLIHJ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
FCER1G	TTDGEC0	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
FTO	TTFW3BT	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
IL1RL1	TT4GZA4	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
IL33	TT5MD4P	moderate	Biomarker	[131]
IL7R	TTAWI51	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
NFKB1	TTUIZKC	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
SIK3	TTW6L4V	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
TSLP	TTHMW3T	moderate	Biomarker	[132]
ADAM33	TTQICM2	Strong	Genetic Variation	[133]
ADAM8	TTQWYMD	Strong	Altered Expression	[134]
AGXT	TTF5NVW	Strong	Biomarker	[135]
AOC1	TTM3B5R	Strong	Genetic Variation	[136]
APOA2	TTGQA9W	Strong	Altered Expression	[137]
BLK	TTNDSC3	Strong	Genetic Variation	[138]
CALCRL	TTY6O0Q	Strong	Biomarker	[139]
CASP1	TTCQIBE	Strong	Biomarker	[140]
CCL11	TTCF05Y	Strong	Altered Expression	[141]
CCL17	TTMPHAE	Strong	Biomarker	[142]
CD86	TT53XHB	Strong	Altered Expression	[143]
CHIA	TTJB1O0	Strong	Altered Expression	[144]
CHIT1	TTDYX6T	Strong	Altered Expression	[144]
CRLF2	TTRMZ0N	Strong	Altered Expression	[145]
CYSLTR1	TTGKOY9	Strong	Biomarker	[146]
EPX	TTCIO0M	Strong	Genetic Variation	[147]
F2RL1	TTQR74A	Strong	Altered Expression	[148]
GAN	TT6WNG2	Strong	Biomarker	[149]
GATA3	TT45KOB	Strong	Altered Expression	[150]
GJB6	TTAU8SJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[151]
HDAC11	TT8K17W	Strong	Altered Expression	[152]
HDC	TTV9GOF	Strong	Posttranslational Modification	[153]
HNMT	TT2B6EV	Strong	Altered Expression	[154]
HRH1	TTTIBOJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[155]
HRH4	TTXJ178	Strong	Biomarker	[156]
IFNL1	TTM624L	Strong	Biomarker	[157]
IL12RB2	TT4SWR8	Strong	Genetic Variation	[158]
IL17D	TTC5LTG	Strong	Biomarker	[159]
IL1RL2	TTUS18T	Strong	Biomarker	[160]
IL25	TTVMO5W	Strong	Biomarker	[131]
IL31RA	TT9HPX0	Strong	Biomarker	[161]
IL37	TTQTX98	Strong	Biomarker	[162]
IL9	TT0JTFD	Strong	Biomarker	[163]
IRAK4	TTILUKB	Strong	Genetic Variation	[164]
KLB	TTARBVH	Strong	Genetic Variation	[138]
KLRC1	TTC4IMS	Strong	Altered Expression	[165]
LTC4S	TTW7OTG	Strong	Genetic Variation	[166]
MRGPRX2	TT3YV20	Strong	Altered Expression	[139]
MTNR1A	TT0WAIE	Strong	Genetic Variation	[167]
PCYT1B	TTUAIKM	Strong	Biomarker	[168]
POSTN	TT8ALTZ	Strong	Biomarker	[169]
PTGDR	TTNVEIR	Strong	Genetic Variation	[170]
RORA	TT1TYN7	Strong	Biomarker	[171]
RORC	TTGV6LY	Strong	Biomarker	[172]
SCGB1A1	TTONPVW	Strong	Biomarker	[173]
SCGB2A2	TT1W3RE	Strong	Altered Expression	[174]
TLR1	TTW14D0	Strong	Genetic Variation	[130]
TLR6	TTWRI8V	Strong	Genetic Variation	[175]
TLR7	TTRJ1K4	Strong	Biomarker	[176]
TNFSF4	TTBW580	Strong	Biomarker	[177]
VIPR1	TTCL30I	Strong	Altered Expression	[178]
VIPR2	TT4O5P0	Strong	Altered Expression	[178]
CCR3	TTD3XFU	Definitive	Biomarker	[179]
ENPP3	TTD4TKP	Definitive	Altered Expression	[145]
IL12B	TTGW72V	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[180]
IL31	TT1RJXK	Definitive	Biomarker	[181]
PTGDR2	TTQDMX5	Definitive	Biomarker	[182]
STAT6	TTWOE1T	Definitive	Biomarker	[162]
TLR8	TT8CWFK	Definitive	Biomarker	[176]

This Disease Is Related to 3 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
KCNK2	DTENHUP	Strong	Altered Expression	[183]
SLC52A1	DT7NOKR	Strong	Altered Expression	[184]
SLC5A8	DTE3TAW	Strong	Altered Expression	[185]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SULT1A1	DEYWLRK	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]

This Disease Is Related to 93 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ACTR1A	OT1QAU16	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
AQP2	OTQLBKK6	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
BACH2	OT17GS18	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
BSND	OTYWZWPD	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
CDK2AP1	OTNFOHDJ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
CLEC16A	OTLGV5SV	moderate	Genetic Variation	[186]
DAW1	OTRHL1AP	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
DCAF1	OT3ZDVOE	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
IL18R1	OT83XMPQ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
JAZF1	OTXTYSYD	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
LAMA3	OTFME7HT	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
LPP	OT6TU8SE	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
MFSD13A	OTP306N2	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
NFATC2	OTK5T6HZ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
PLCL1	OTJL2C79	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
PRDM16	OT0BGA27	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
RAD50	OTYMU9G1	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
RBFOX1	OTFPKEL7	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
RERE	OT3G4GBZ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
RTF1	OT6ZU71Q	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
SPPL3	OT2HLJF6	moderate	Genetic Variation	[130]
ST8SIA2	OTRBBBD8	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
SYCP2L	OT926TNQ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[129]
AMY1A	OT6G4B8O	Strong	Biomarker	[187]
ANKHD1	OTVYQ7ZL	Strong	Biomarker	[188]
BPIFA1	OTQFD2J5	Strong	Altered Expression	[189]
CCL13	OTNX0JD0	Strong	Altered Expression	[190]
CCL24	OT9LGHV0	Strong	Genetic Variation	[191]
CCL26	OT2B7HR9	Strong	Biomarker	[192]
CCL7	OTDIS99H	Strong	Biomarker	[193]
CD1C	OT4XINUJ	Strong	Biomarker	[194]
CDC42EP5	OTQQDUCD	Strong	Biomarker	[195]
CLC	OTYMYR85	Strong	Biomarker	[196]
CLEC4D	OTT7X1UC	Strong	Altered Expression	[197]
CPSF4	OT53UK5L	Strong	Biomarker	[198]
CST1	OTE4I83Q	Strong	Biomarker	[199]
CTBS	OT135K92	Strong	Biomarker	[168]
DHX40	OTOL02QN	Strong	Biomarker	[200]
DLEC1	OTMKKBUW	Strong	Biomarker	[201]
DNAH9	OTI2QIZQ	Strong	Altered Expression	[202]
DOCK11	OTFSTN6A	Strong	Genetic Variation	[203]
EAF2	OTSOET5L	Strong	Biomarker	[204]
EDA	OTAKS5WS	Strong	Biomarker	[205]
EMSY	OTBQ3KQE	Strong	Genetic Variation	[206]
FAM167A	OT9JF3JQ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[207]
FCER1A	OTIRUOHF	Strong	Genetic Variation	[208]
FCRL3	OTIFXFWL	Strong	Genetic Variation	[209]
FCRL5	OTA7VHNE	Strong	Genetic Variation	[209]
FEV	OTYEC4IR	Strong	Biomarker	[210]
FLNC	OT3F8J6Y	Strong	Biomarker	[211]
GSTT2B	OTCMRDLE	Strong	Genetic Variation	[212]
HARS1	OTHOEOTS	Strong	Altered Expression	[213]
HGS	OTCYYCAC	Strong	Altered Expression	[213]
IFNL2	OT4BMJF7	Strong	Biomarker	[214]
IL12RB1	OTM1IJO2	Strong	Genetic Variation	[158]
IL17RB	OT0KDNSF	Strong	Biomarker	[215]
IL27	OTIS3OF8	Strong	Biomarker	[159]
KLF11	OTKVQDJD	Strong	Genetic Variation	[151]
MATN2	OTVDR68G	Strong	Biomarker	[216]
MRPL4	OT8AE74Y	Strong	Genetic Variation	[217]
MS4A2	OTMCAS2D	Strong	Genetic Variation	[218]
MYDGF	OT9HRPL6	Strong	Biomarker	[159]
NEU2	OTW76T35	Strong	Biomarker	[219]
NFIA	OTDHQ9CG	Strong	Genetic Variation	[220]
ODF2L	OTJLJ65L	Strong	Biomarker	[221]
OMP	OT7JH0DY	Strong	Altered Expression	[222]
ORMDL3	OTAB7MZF	Strong	Genetic Variation	[223]
OSGEP	OT38HX9V	Strong	Biomarker	[224]
PBX2	OTEBYCAW	Strong	Genetic Variation	[225]
PHF11	OT5F6LUP	Strong	Biomarker	[221]
PIK3AP1	OTMW1B47	Strong	Biomarker	[221]
POLR1C	OT7DVQB0	Strong	Biomarker	[224]
PRDM10	OTDDWU5Q	Strong	Biomarker	[195]
RETREG1	OTYOSLZX	Strong	Biomarker	[226]
RGS1	OTGXJYMG	Strong	Biomarker	[227]
RNASE2	OT8Z4FNE	Strong	Genetic Variation	[228]
SCGB2A1	OT9L87U9	Strong	Altered Expression	[174]
SCGB3A2	OTB63PHR	Strong	Genetic Variation	[229]
SDAD1	OTP4468N	Strong	Genetic Variation	[230]
SFTPA1	OT87XL1U	Strong	Altered Expression	[231]
SFTPA2	OT6SFOMU	Strong	Altered Expression	[231]
SIGIRR	OTNC3XFD	Strong	Biomarker	[232]
SIT1	OT7MDF09	Strong	Biomarker	[172]
SOCS4	OTIRULFZ	Strong	Biomarker	[233]
SOCS6	OT2O5ZBK	Strong	Biomarker	[233]
SOSTDC1	OTAKDNSM	Strong	Biomarker	[234]
SRSF5	OTC5WP98	Strong	Altered Expression	[213]
STK26	OTW4QE0D	Strong	Biomarker	[188]
ARHGEF5	OTUVGFT9	Definitive	Biomarker	[235]
FOXJ1	OT7LLBZ7	Definitive	Altered Expression	[202]
HAVCR1	OT184CRZ	Definitive	Biomarker	[235]
TIMD4	OTGGC20G	Definitive	Altered Expression	[236]
TIMELESS	OTD8DCBJ	Definitive	Biomarker	[235]

References

• [1] Acetaminophen FDA Label
• [2] Comparative tolerability of second generation antihistamines. Drug Saf. 1999 May;20(5):385-401.
• [3] Antazoline FDA Label
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7119).
• [6] Azelastine FDA Label
• [7] Wilson and Gisvold's textbook of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. 2004, P353. By Charles Owens Wilson, John H. Block, Ole Gisvold, John Marlowe Beale.
• [8] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7466).
• [9] Betamethasone FDA Label
• [10] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7133).
• [11] Budesonide FDA Label
• [12] Caffeine FDA Label
• [13] Carbinoxamine FDA Label
• [14] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1222).
• [15] Chlophedianol FDA Label
• [16] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6976).
• [17] Ciclesonide FDA Label
• [18] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6063).
• [19] Codeine FDA Label
• [20] Cortisone acetate FDA Label
• [21] Sodium cromoglicate: an ineffective drug or meta-analysis misused Pharm Stat. 2007 Apr-Jun;6(2):123-37.
• [22] Cyclizine FDA Label
• [23] Cyproheptadine FDA Label
• [24] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7157).
• [25] Desonide FDA Label
• [26] Dexamethasone FDA Label
• [27] Dexbrompheniramine FDA Label
• [28] Dexchlorpheniramine maleate FDA Label
• [29] Dextromethorphan FDA Label
• [30] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7165).
• [31] Doxylamine FDA Label
• [32] Ephedrine FDA Label
• [33] Epoprostenol FDA Label
• [34] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4819).
• [35] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7076).
• [36] Fluticasone propionate FDA Label
• [37] Glycine FDA Label
• [38] 2014 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Feb;14(2):77-81.
• [39] A standard database for drug repositioning. Sci Data. 2017 Mar 14;4:170029.
• [40] Hydrocodone FDA Label
• [41] Hydrocortisone FDA Label
• [42] Hydroxyzine FDA Label
• [43] Levocetirizine FDA Label
• [44] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1214).
• [45] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800015252)
• [46] Antiallergic anti-inflammatory effects of H1-antihistamines in humans. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2002;17:101-39.
• [47] Drug information of Mequitazine, 2008. eduDrugs.
• [48] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7231).
• [49] Methylprednisolone FDA Label
• [50] Population pharmacokinetic analysis and optimization of the experimental design for mizolastine solution in children. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2001 Jun;28(3):299-319.
• [51] Mometasone FDA Label
• [52] Montelukast FDA Label
• [53] Olopatadine FDA Label
• [54] Pemirolast FDA Label
• [55] Pheniramine FDA Label
• [56] Isoproterenol FDA Label
• [57] Potassium iodide FDA Label
• [58] The Effects of Combined Therapeutic Protocol on Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms and Molecular Determinants. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022 Apr 11;21(2):141-150.
• [59] Prednisolone FDA Label
• [60] Prednisone FDA Label
• [61] Promazine FDA Label
• [62] Scopolamine FDA Label
• [63] Seasonal facial erythema in a patient with allergic rhinitis treated using a combination of tranilast and roxithromycin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2023 Dec;45(4):508-510.
• [64] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7237).
• [65] Tripelennamine FDA Label
• [66] Beclomethasone dipropionate FDA Label
• [67] Azelastine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential. Drugs. 1989 Nov;38(5):778-800.
• [68] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 517).
• [69] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800041576)
• [70] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800024854)
• [71] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01353755) 2nd Pivotal Study rPhleum - Adults and Adolescents With Rhinoconjunctivitis +/-Controlled Asthma. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [72] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [73] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00791102) Topical ASP-1001 (Contrast Media Formulation) and the Acute Response to Nasal Allergen Challenge (NAC). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [74] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Stallergenes.
• [75] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01448954) A Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of ADC3680B in Subjects With Partly Controlled Atopic Asthma. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [76] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01185080) Efficacy Study in Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Intranasal Administration of AZD8848. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [77] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01445002) Safety and Dose Finding Trial of BM32 in Subjects Suffering From Grass Pollen Allergy. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [78] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00574704) A Study to Investigate an Immunomodulatory Therapy in Adult Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [79] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01930461) Dose Ranging Study of SLIT Tablets of House Dust Mite Allergen Extracts (HDM) in Adults With HDM-associated Allergic Asthma. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [80] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01582503) A Study of MEMP1972A in Patients With Allergic Asthma Inadequately Controlled on Inhaled Steroids And A Second Controller (COSTA). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [81] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800026713)
• [82] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01748344) Phase II Study Evaluating ONO-4053 and Cetirizine in Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [83] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01033396) The Effect Of PF-03654764 +/- Allegra On Symptoms Of Allergic Rhinitis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [84] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01103037) Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of QAV680 Versus Placebo in Patients With Asthma. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [85] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01266135) Safety and Efficacy of QAX576 in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [86] Allergy immunotherapy with a hypoallergenic recombinant birch pollen allergen rBet v 1-FV in a randomized controlled trial. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015 Aug 3;5:28.
• [87] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02427165) Comparison of RPL554 With Placebo and Salbutamol in Asthmatic Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [88] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00537355) An Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of TOLAMBA for Ragweed-Allergic Rhinitis in an Environmental Exposure Chamber. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [89] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01576471) Efficacy and Safety of Trichuris Suis Ova (TSO) as Compared to Placebo. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [90] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01260753) Proof of Activity Study of UR-63325 in Allergic Rhinitis Induced by Nasal Challenge. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [91] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00929968) Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Doses of VAK694 in Atopic Subjects With Seasonal Rhinitis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [92] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00353964) Safety and Efficacy Study of rEV131 in the Treatment of Ocular Inflammation After Cataract Surgery. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [93] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00443495) Phase I/IIa Study on Chitin Microparticles in Subjects Suffering From Allergic Rhinitis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [94] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00425971) Safety Study of Anti-Asthma Agent BMEC-1217B. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [95] An evaluation of perazil in allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy. 1950 Sep-Oct;8(5):682-3; passim.
• [96] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01640990) A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of an Intravenous Infusion of GW328267X in Healthy Volunteers. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [97] Japanese Society of Allergology Task Force Report on standardization of house dust mite allergen vaccines. Arerugi. 2014 Nov;63(9):1229-40.
• [98] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of TransTech Pharma (2011).
• [99] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800025865)
• [100] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Siolta Therapeutics.
• [101] Sublingual-oral administration of standardized allergenic extracts: phase 1 safety and dosing results. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008 May;100(5):475-81.
• [102] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800030038)
• [103] In vitro pharmacologic profile of YM158, a new dual antagonist for LTD4 and TXA2 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Nov;287(2):633-9.
• [104] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2603).
• [105] Phenylpropanolamine FDA Label
• [106] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800011919)
• [107] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800020184)
• [108] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800015368)
• [109] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800025139)
• [110] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800018064)
• [111] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800028154)
• [112] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800016503)
• [113] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800007303)
• [114] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800026836)
• [115] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800017032)
• [116] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800009591)
• [117] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800021664)
• [118] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800015460)
• [119] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800028155)
• [120] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800018932)
• [121] A well-tolerated grass pollen-specific allergy vaccine containing a novel adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A, reduces allergic symptoms after only four preseasonal injections. Allergy. 2001 Jun;56(6):498-505.
• [122] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800017769)
• [123] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800020887)
• [124] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800023202)
• [125] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 339).
• [126] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 467).
• [127] The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
• [128] Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, for the treatment of persistent asthma in children aged 2 to 5 years. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):E48.
• [129] Integrated genome-wide association, coexpression network, and expression single nucleotide polymorphism analysis identifies novel pathway in allergic rhinitis.BMC Med Genomics. 2014 Aug 2;7:48. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-48.
• [130] Genome-wide association and HLA fine-mapping studies identify risk loci and genetic pathways underlying allergic rhinitis.Nat Genet. 2018 Aug;50(8):1072-1080. doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0157-1. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
• [131] MicroRNA-155 plays critical effects on Th2 factors expression and allergic inflammatory response in type-2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic rhinitis.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 May;23(10):4097-4109. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201905_17911.
• [132] An osteoclastogenesis system, the RANKL/RANK signalling pathway, contributes to aggravated allergic inflammation.Br J Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;176(11):1664-1679. doi: 10.1111/bph.14615. Epub 2019 Apr 15.
• [133] Association between ADAM33 S2 and V4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis: A meta-analysis.Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016 Mar-Apr;44(2):170-6. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.013. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
• [134] Increased expression of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 8 in allergic rhinitis.Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011 May-Jun;25(3):107-11. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3581.
• [135] Allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation are still increasing among Danish adults.Allergy. 2020 Mar;75(3):660-668. doi: 10.1111/all.14046. Epub 2019 Oct 23.
• [136] Association between two polymorphisms of histamine-metabolising enzymes and the severity of allergic rhinitis in a group of Mexican children.Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016 Sep-Oct;44(5):433-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.01.002. Epub 2016 May 30.
• [137] Allergic rhinitis is associated with complex alterations in high-density lipoprotein composition and function.Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2019 Oct;1864(10):1280-1292. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.007. Epub 2019 Jun 8.
• [138] Association between TNFSF4 and BLK gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis.Mol Med Rep. 2017 Sep;16(3):3224-3232. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6954. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
• [139] Increase of Mast Cell-Nerve Association and Neuropeptide Receptor Expression on Mast Cells in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis.Neuroimmunomodulation. 2016;23(5-6):261-270. doi: 10.1159/000453068. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
• [140] NLRP3 inflammasome activation promotes the development of allergic rhinitis via epithelium pyroptosis.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Jan 29;522(1):61-67. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.031. Epub 2019 Nov 15.
• [141] Inhibitory action of levocetirizine on the production of eosinophil chemoattractants RANTES and eotaxin in vitro and in vivo.In Vivo. 2014 Jul-Aug;28(4):657-66.
• [142] Interleukin-13 induces thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Cytokine. 2002 Oct 21;20(2):49-55. doi: 10.1006/cyto.2002.1979.
• [143] Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Costimulatory Molecules in Children With Allergic Rhinitis.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2019 Feb;128(2):128-134. doi: 10.1177/0003489418812902. Epub 2018 Nov 18.
• [144] Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase and chitotriosidase in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis.Laryngoscope. 2010 May;120(5):870-5. doi: 10.1002/lary.20863.
• [145] Basophils from allergic rhinitis patients show allergen-specific upregulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Feb;120(2):155-163. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.12.005.
• [146] P2Y6 signaling in alveolar macrophages prevents leukotriene-dependent type 2 allergic lung inflammation.J Clin Invest. 2019 Dec 2;129(12):5169-5186. doi: 10.1172/JCI129761.
• [147] Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the eosinophil peroxidase gene with allergic rhinitis in the Czech population.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;150(2):184-91. doi: 10.1159/000218122. Epub 2009 May 13.
• [148] Protease-activated receptor-2 suppresses interleukin (IL)-10 expression in B cells via upregulating Bcl2L12 in patients with allergic rhinitis.Allergy. 2017 Nov;72(11):1704-1712. doi: 10.1111/all.13186. Epub 2017 May 23.
• [149] Prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in children in Bangkok area.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2019 Dec;37(4):232-239. doi: 10.12932/AP-120618-0337.
• [150] Effects of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells on ILC2s in patients with allergic rhinitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Mar;145(3):855-867.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.029. Epub 2019 Dec 5.
• [151] Induction of airway progenitor cells via p63 and KLF11 by Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 in hTERT-human nasal epithelial cells.Am J Transl Res. 2019 Feb 15;11(2):599-611. eCollection 2019.
• [152] Histone deacetylase 11 inhibits interleukin 10 in B cells of subjects with allergic rhinitis.Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2018 Nov;8(11):1274-1283. doi: 10.1002/alr.22171. Epub 2018 Jul 14.
• [153] Variability of the L-Histidine decarboxylase gene in allergic rhinitis.Allergy. 2010 Dec;65(12):1576-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02425.x.
• [154] Expression of histidine decarboxylase messenger RNA and histamine N-methyltransferase messenger RNA in nasal allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999 Jan;29(1):76-83.
• [155] Histamine H1 receptor gene polymorphism acts as a biological indicator of the prediction of therapeutic efficacy in patients with allergic rhinitis in the Chinese Han population.J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):164-170. doi: 10.1002/jcb.27278. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
• [156] Histamine H4 receptor regulates IL-6 and INF- secretion in native monocytes from healthy subjects and patients with allergic rhinitis.Clin Transl Allergy. 2019 Sep 30;9:49. doi: 10.1186/s13601-019-0288-1. eCollection 2019.
• [157] Impaired virus replication and decreased innate immune responses to viral infections in nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2017 Jan;187(1):100-112. doi: 10.1111/cei.12869. Epub 2016 Nov 14.
• [158] Association study between interleukin-12 receptor 1/2 genes and allergic rhinitis in the Chinese Han population.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Apr;272(4):889-893. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-3145-9. Epub 2014 Jul 6.
• [159] Interleukin-27 inhibits helper T cell type-2 response in allergic rhinitis.Auris Nasus Larynx. 2020 Feb;47(1):84-89. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2019.05.005. Epub 2019 May 30.
• [160] The role of IL-36 and its regulation in eosinophilic inflammation in allergic rhinitis.Cytokine. 2019 May;117:84-90. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.008. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
• [161] Effects of interleukin-31 on MUC5AC gene expression in nasal allergic inflammation.Pharmacology. 2013;91(3-4):158-64. doi: 10.1159/000346609. Epub 2013 Feb 6.
• [162] IL-37 attenuates allergic process via STAT6/STAT3 pathways in murine allergic rhinitis.Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Apr;69:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.013. Epub 2019 Jan 18.
• [163] Th9 Cells in Allergic Disease.Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2019 Mar 26;19(5):29. doi: 10.1007/s11882-019-0860-8.
• [164] Association pattern of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 gene polymorphisms with allergic rhinitis in a Han Chinese population.PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21769. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021769. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
• [165] Increased expression of CD69 antigen on human peripheral blood natural killer cells in patients with allergic rhinitis.Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013 Mar;12(1):68-74.
• [166] Leukotriene C4 synthase A-444C gene polymorphism in patients with allergic rhinitis.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Jun;134(6):997-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.007.
• [167] DNA methylation within melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) mediates paternally transmitted genetic variant effect on asthma plus rhinitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Sep;138(3):748-753. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1341. Epub 2016 Mar 30.
• [168] P-FN12, an H4R-Based Epitope Vaccine Screened by Phage Display, Regulates the Th1/Th2 Balance in Rat Allergic Rhinitis.Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2018 Oct 4;11:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.09.004. eCollection 2018 Dec 14.
• [169] Serum periostin is associated with body mass index and allergic rhinitis in healthy and asthmatic subjects.Allergol Int. 2018 Jul;67(3):357-363. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.11.006. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
• [170] Clinical studies of the DP1 antagonist laropiprant in asthma and allergic rhinitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Nov;124(5):942-8.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.006. Epub 2009 Sep 12.
• [171] RORA Overexpression Alleviates Nasal Mucosal Injury and Enhances Red Blood Cell Immune Adhesion Function in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis via Inactivation of the Wnt/-Catenin Signaling Pathway.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2019;180(2):79-90. doi: 10.1159/000500637. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
• [172] In vivo and in vitro studies of Th17 response to specific immunotherapy in house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis patients.PLoS One. 2014 Mar 19;9(3):e91950. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091950. eCollection 2014.
• [173] Clara Cell 10 kDa Protein Alleviates Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 3-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis by Inhibiting Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 Expression.Front Immunol. 2018 Dec 13;9:2935. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02935. eCollection 2018.
• [174] Expression of mammaglobins A and B in nasal polyps is similar in patients with and without allergic rhinitis.Am J Rhinol. 2008 Mar-Apr;22(2):135-8. doi: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3138.
• [175] Genetic variation of the Toll-like receptors in a Swedish allergic rhinitis case population.BMC Med Genet. 2017 Feb 23;18(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12881-017-0379-6.
• [176] POLLAR: Impact of air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis; a European Institute of Innovation and Technology Health (EIT Health) project.Clin Transl Allergy. 2018 Sep 17;8:36. doi: 10.1186/s13601-018-0221-z. eCollection 2018.
• [177] Histamine H4 receptor regulates Th2-cytokine profile through thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergic rhinitis.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Jun;276(6):1655-1661. doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05369-w. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
• [178] Alterations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors in allergic rhinitis.Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):e44-7. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3568.
• [179] Effects of lentivirus-mediated CCR3 RNA interference on the function of mast cells of allergic rhinitis in mice.Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Jan;78:106011. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106011. Epub 2019 Nov 24.
• [180] Genetic variations in interleukin-12B in allergic rhinitis.Immunol Res. 2016 Feb;64(1):329-36. doi: 10.1007/s12026-015-8758-6.
• [181] Serum levels of IL-31, IL-33 and ST2 in allergic rhinitis of children in China.Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2018 Sep 30;64(12):52-55.
• [182] Evidence for the induction of Th2 inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells in response to prostaglandin D(2) and cysteinyl leukotrienes in allergic rhinitis.Allergy. 2019 Dec;74(12):2417-2426. doi: 10.1111/all.13974. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
• [183] Regulation of Trek1 expression in nasal mucosa with allergic rhinitis by specific immunotherapy.Cell Biochem Funct. 2015 Jan;33(1):23-8. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3075. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
• [184] Expression of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2 in monocytes from allergic patients and potential molecular mechanism.Cell Biol Toxicol. 2016 Dec;32(6):529-542. doi: 10.1007/s10565-016-9353-x. Epub 2016 Jul 16.
• [185] Real-world benefits of allergen immunotherapy for birch pollen-associated allergic rhinitis and asthma.Allergy. 2019 Mar;74(3):594-604. doi: 10.1111/all.13598. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
• [186] A genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants associated with allergic rhinitis and grass sensitization and their interaction with birth order.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Nov;128(5):996-1005. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.030.
• [187] Increased salivary fluid flow in children with newly diagnosed allergic rhinitis.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Feb;117:105-109. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.11.022. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
• [188] Mobile technology offers novel insights into the control and treatment of allergic rhinitis: The MASK study.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Jul;144(1):135-143.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.053. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
• [189] The effects of physical exercise and smoking habits on the expression of SPLUNC1 in nasal lavage fluids from allergic rhinitis subjects.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014 Apr;78(4):618-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.01.014. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
• [190] Monocyte chemotactic proteins in allergen-induced inflammation in the nasal mucosa: effect of topical corticosteroids.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999 Jun;103(6):1036-44. doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70176-4.
• [191] The suggestive association of eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 gene polymorphisms in Korean population with allergic rhinitis.Immunogenetics. 2005 Jan;56(10):760-4. doi: 10.1007/s00251-004-0746-2. Epub 2004 Dec 4.
• [192] Interleukin-17A potentiates interleukin-13-induced eotaxin-3 production by human nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis.Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2019 Nov;9(11):1327-1333. doi: 10.1002/alr.22382. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
• [193] Role of Interleukin-17A on the Chemotactic Responses to CCL7 in a Murine Allergic Rhinitis Model.PLoS One. 2017 Jan 3;12(1):e0169353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169353. eCollection 2017.
• [194] A thymic stromal lymphopoietin-responsive dendritic cell subset mediates allergic responses in the upper airway mucosa.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Sep;134(3):613-621.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.010. Epub 2014 Jun 21.
• [195] Exploring of the molecular mechanism of rhinitis via bioinformatics methods.Mol Med Rep. 2018 Feb;17(2):3014-3020. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8213. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
• [196] Identification of pathogenic genes and upstream regulators in allergic rhinitis.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Dec;115:97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.09.005. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
• [197] C-type lectin receptors mRNA expression in patients with otitis media with effusion.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Nov;77(11):1846-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.08.025. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
• [198] Early-Life Environmental Factors, IFN- Methylation Patterns, and Childhood Allergic Rhinitis.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2019;178(4):323-332. doi: 10.1159/000495304. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
• [199] Human cystatin SN is an endogenous protease inhibitor that prevents allergic rhinitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Mar;143(3):1153-1162.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.035. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
• [200] The Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Investigator Collaborative (AR-CIC): verification of nasal allergen challenge procedures in a study utilizing an investigational immunotherapy for cat allergy.Clin Transl Allergy. 2018 Apr 12;8:15. doi: 10.1186/s13601-018-0198-7. eCollection 2018.
• [201] Effects of desloratadine citrate disodium injection on rat models of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis: involvement of T-cell responses modulation.Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015 Dec;5(12):1170-6. doi: 10.1002/alr.21594. Epub 2015 Jul 8.
• [202] Downregulation and Aberrant Localization of Forkhead Box J1 in Allergic Nasal Mucosa.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2018;176(2):115-123. doi: 10.1159/000488014. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
• [203] Association between JAK1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2016 Jun;34(2):124-9. doi: 10.12932/AP0630.34.2.2016.
• [204] Assessing patient-reported outcomes in asthma and COPD patients: which can be recommended in clinical practice?.Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018 Jan;24(1):18-23. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000447.
• [205] Extra domain-A fibronectin is necessary for the development of nasal remodeling in chronic allergen-induced rhinitis.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013 May;110(5):322-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
• [206] The association between sixteen genome-wide association studies-related allergic diseases loci and childhood allergic rhinitis in a Chinese Han population.Cytokine. 2018 Nov;111:162-170. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.022. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
• [207] Genetic risk of TNFSF4 and FAM167A-BLK polymorphisms in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis in a Han Chinese population.J Asthma. 2016 Aug;53(6):567-75. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1108437. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
• [208] SNPs in the FCER1A gene region show no association with allergic rhinitis in a Han Chinese population.PLoS One. 2010 Dec 31;5(12):e15792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015792.
• [209] Genetic risk of FCRL3 and FCRL5 polymorphisms in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis in a Chinese Han population.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 May;120:58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.015. Epub 2019 Feb 5.
• [210] Spirometric parameters and levels of interferon gamma and IL-5 in induced sputum from patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma.Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011 Sep-Oct;25(5):e196-9. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3642.
• [211] Elevated levels of mannan-binding lectin [corrected] (MBL) and eosinophilia in patients of bronchial asthma with allergic rhinitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associate with a novel intronic polymorphism in MBL.Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Mar;143(3):414-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03007.x.
• [212] Explorative genetic association study of GSTT2B copy number variant in complex disease risks.Ann Hum Biol. 2016 May;43(3):279-84. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1049206. Epub 2015 Jul 24.
• [213] Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates eosinophil activation in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis via reducing oxidative stress.J Inflamm (Lond). 2017 Jan 13;14:1. doi: 10.1186/s12950-016-0148-x. eCollection 2017.
• [214] Effect of IFN-2 on combined allergic rhinitis with nasal polyps.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Mar;22(6):1588-1594. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201803_14563.
• [215] Allergic inflammation is exacerbated by allergen-induced type 2 innate lymphoid cells in a murine model of allergic rhinitis.Rhinology. 2017 Dec 1;55(4):339-347. doi: 10.4193/Rhin17.065.
• [216] MiR-202-5p Promotes M2 Polarization in Allergic Rhinitis by Targeting MATN2.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2019;178(2):119-127. doi: 10.1159/000493803. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
• [217] The association between polymorphisms in the MRPL4 and TNF- genes and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis.PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57981. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057981. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
• [218] A Nonsynonymous FCER1B SNP is Associated with Risk of Developing Allergic Rhinitis and with IgE Levels.Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 21;6:19724. doi: 10.1038/srep19724.
• [219] Individualized Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis According to Nasal Cytology.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2017 Sep;9(5):403-409. doi: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.5.403.
• [220] The nuclear factor I/A (NFIA) gene is associated with the asthma plus rhinitis phenotype.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Sep;134(3):576-582.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1074. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
• [221] Genome-wide association study for atopy and allergic rhinitis in a Singapore Chinese population.PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019719. Epub 2011 May 20.
• [222] Reversal of Olfactory Disturbance in Allergic Rhinitis Related to OMP Suppression by Intranasal Budesonide Treatment.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2020 Jan;12(1):110-124. doi: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.1.110.
• [223] Variants in the 17q21 asthma susceptibility locus are associated with allergic rhinitis in the Japanese population.Allergy. 2013 Jan;68(1):92-100. doi: 10.1111/all.12066. Epub 2012 Nov 12.
• [224] Comparison of Long-term Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Allergic Rhinitis.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019 Jan;11(1):68-78. doi: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.1.68.
• [225] Variant of PBX2 gene in the 6p21.3 asthma susceptibility locus is associated with allergic rhinitis in Chinese subjects.Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016 May;6(5):537-43. doi: 10.1002/alr.21725. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
• [226] RETREG1 (FAM134B): A new player in human diseases: 15 years after the discovery in cancer.J Cell Physiol. 2018 Jun;233(6):4479-4489. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26384. Epub 2018 Jan 15.
• [227] Gene expression profiles of nasal polyps associated with allergic rhinitis.Am J Otolaryngol. 2009 Jan-Feb;30(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2008.01.003. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
• [228] Association of FLG single nucleotide variations with clinical phenotypes of atopic dermatitis.PLoS One. 2017 Dec 27;12(12):e0190077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190077. eCollection 2017.
• [229] Variation in Uteroglobin-Related Protein 1 (UGRP1) gene is associated with allergic rhinitis in Singapore Chinese.BMC Med Genet. 2011 Mar 16;12:39. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-39.
• [230] Association of a haplotype block spanning SDAD1 gene and CXC chemokine genes with allergic rhinitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Mar;115(3):548-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.034.
• [231] Detection of surfactant proteins A, B, C, and D in human nasal mucosa and their regulation in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps.Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013 Jan;27(1):24-9. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3838.
• [232] Increased expression of IL-1R8 and a possible immunomodulatory role of its ligand IL-37 in allergic rhinitis patients.Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Jul;60:152-159. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.002. Epub 2018 May 3.
• [233] MicroRNA-let-7e regulates the progression and development of allergic rhinitis by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 and activating Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway.Exp Ther Med. 2018 Apr;15(4):3523-3529. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5827. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
• [234] Introduction.Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1027:1-10. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-64804-0_1.
• [235] The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) gene family in asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity.Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013 Jan-Feb;34(1):e21-6. doi: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3646.
• [236] Vitamin D regulates immunoglobulin mucin domain molecule-4 expression in dendritic cells.Clin Exp Allergy. 2017 May;47(5):656-664. doi: 10.1111/cea.12894. Epub 2017 Feb 28.