General Information of Disease (ID: DISIDWT6)

Disease Name Hyperinsulinemia
Synonyms hyperinsulinism (disease); hyperinsulinism; hyperinsulinemia
Disease Class 5A4Y: Pancreatic internal secretion disorder
Definition Abnormally high levels of insulin in the blood.
Disease Hierarchy
DIS3VD5T: Endocrine pancreas disorder
DIS5IK09: Glucose metabolism disease
DISIDWT6: Hyperinsulinemia
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 5A4Y
Expand ICD-11
'5A4Y
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0002177
MESH ID
D006946
UMLS CUI
C0020459
MedGen ID
43779
HPO ID
HP:0000842
SNOMED CT ID
83469008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Dasiglucagon DM74SVE Approved Peptide [1]
Diazoxide DML1538 Approved Small molecular drug [2]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Discontinued Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
LAS-30538 DM07S4N Terminated Small molecular drug [3]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 108 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CD40 TT1ERKL Limited Biomarker [4]
CEACAM1 TTA9CK4 Limited Biomarker [5]
GPX1 TTYAHBP Limited Biomarker [6]
HMOX1 TTI6V2A Limited Therapeutic [7]
IDE TT2EDHU Limited Altered Expression [8]
ITGAM TTB69FJ Limited Biomarker [4]
KCNJ11 TT329V4 Limited Genetic Variation [9]
MC4R TTD0CIQ Limited Genetic Variation [10]
MRC1 TTKV8W5 Limited Biomarker [4]
TNF TTF8CQI Limited Biomarker [11]
CAV1 TTXUBN2 Disputed Biomarker [12]
DBH TTYIP79 Disputed Biomarker [13]
ABCC8 TTP835K moderate Genetic Variation [14]
APLN TT87D3J moderate Biomarker [15]
GDF5 TT37XV9 moderate Biomarker [16]
GIP TT40HS5 moderate Biomarker [17]
GLP1R TTVIMDE moderate Biomarker [18]
IRS2 TTF95B8 moderate Altered Expression [19]
LEPR TT0HD6V moderate Biomarker [20]
NOS3 TTCM4B3 moderate Genetic Variation [21]
SERPINE1 TTTO43N moderate Altered Expression [22]
ABCB11 TTUXCAF Strong Genetic Variation [23]
ACLY TT0Z6Y2 Strong Altered Expression [24]
ADRB3 TTMXGCW Strong Genetic Variation [25]
AGTR1 TT8DBY3 Strong Altered Expression [26]
ANGPTL3 TT59GO7 Strong Biomarker [27]
ANGPTL4 TTWALY5 Strong Biomarker [28]
ANTXR2 TTOD34I Strong Biomarker [29]
APOA2 TTGQA9W Strong Biomarker [30]
APOC3 TTXOZQ1 Strong Biomarker [31]
AQP7 TTNGCRK Strong Biomarker [32]
BACE2 TT69DB8 Strong Biomarker [33]
CCL2 TTNAY0P Strong Biomarker [4]
CD163 TTTZ9DE Strong Biomarker [4]
CD59 TTBGTEJ Strong Biomarker [34]
CDK8 TTBJR4L Strong Biomarker [35]
CPT1B TTDL0NY Strong Altered Expression [36]
CS TTZA6B3 Strong Biomarker [37]
CTSH TT3G406 Strong Altered Expression [38]
DYRK1A TTSBVFO Strong Altered Expression [39]
EHMT1 TTOFXD7 Strong Biomarker [40]
EIF2AK4 TT9U4EP Strong Biomarker [41]
EIF5A TTIVCNR Strong Biomarker [42]
ERN1 TTKIAT3 Strong Altered Expression [43]
F2RL2 TTVSEBF Strong Altered Expression [44]
FABP3 TT3TGLR Strong Altered Expression [36]
FABP4 TTHWMFZ Strong Altered Expression [45]
FANCA TTV5HJS Strong Biomarker [46]
FASN TT7AOUD Strong Altered Expression [47]
FFAR1 TTB8FUC Strong Biomarker [48]
FPR1 TT5Y4EM Strong Altered Expression [49]
FST TTDNM9W Strong Biomarker [50]
G6PC TTBQMJ8 Strong Biomarker [51]
G6PC2 TT7EV4P Strong Genetic Variation [23]
GCGR TT9O6WS Strong Biomarker [52]
GCLM TTNFESW Strong Genetic Variation [53]
GHRL TT1OCL0 Strong Altered Expression [54]
GIPR TTYMKBE Strong Biomarker [52]
GLA TTIS03D Strong Biomarker [55]
HK2 TTK02H8 Strong Biomarker [56]
HNF4A TT2F3CD Strong Biomarker [57]
HTR2B TT0K1SC Strong Genetic Variation [58]
HTR2C TTWJBZ5 Strong Genetic Variation [59]
IAPP TTHN8EM Strong Biomarker [60]
IRS1 TTAJSQ0 Strong Posttranslational Modification [61]
KDM3A TTKXS4A Strong Biomarker [62]
LIPE TTLUQ8E Strong Altered Expression [63]
MC3R TTNI91K Strong Genetic Variation [64]
MELTF TT8OBT3 Strong Biomarker [65]
MGAM TTXWASR Strong Altered Expression [66]
MTNR1B TT32JK8 Strong Altered Expression [67]
MTTP TTUS1RD Strong Biomarker [68]
MYCBP TTVW4XU Strong Biomarker [69]
NPY5R TTY6EWA Strong Biomarker [70]
OLFM4 TTK1CX7 Strong Biomarker [71]
PCSK1 TTED9LZ Strong Altered Expression [72]
PLIN1 TTIV27N Strong Genetic Variation [73]
PLTP TTZF6SN Strong Biomarker [74]
PNPLA3 TTEUAEH Strong Genetic Variation [75]
PPY TTIB95A Strong Biomarker [76]
PRKCD TT7A1BO Strong Biomarker [77]
PRKCQ TT1MS7X Strong Biomarker [77]
PTK2B TTTEFBV Strong Posttranslational Modification [78]
PTPN6 TT369M5 Strong Biomarker [79]
PYY TTVFJLX Strong Biomarker [80]
RBP4 TT0C8BY Strong Biomarker [81]
RPS6KB1 TTG0U4H Strong Biomarker [82]
RSPO1 TTI9HL4 Strong Biomarker [83]
SCD TT6RIOV Strong Genetic Variation [84]
SERPINA6 TTJL8VG Strong Biomarker [85]
SGK1 TTTV8EJ Strong Altered Expression [86]
SLC23A2 TTOP832 Strong Altered Expression [87]
SLC30A8 TTXIGT7 Strong Altered Expression [88]
SLC38A2 TTUSC27 Strong Altered Expression [89]
SLC5A2 TTF8JAT Strong Biomarker [90]
SREBF1 TTER0UB Strong Altered Expression [91]
TMPRSS6 TTL9KE7 Strong Altered Expression [67]
UCP2 TTSC2YM Strong Genetic Variation [14]
UCP3 TT12RJK Strong Altered Expression [92]
CDKN1C TTBSUAR Definitive Genetic Variation [93]
CETP TTFQAYR Definitive Altered Expression [94]
GHR TTHJWYD Definitive Biomarker [95]
HNF1A TT01M3K Definitive Altered Expression [96]
IGFBP1 TTCJTWF Definitive Altered Expression [97]
PCSK9 TTNIZ2B Definitive Genetic Variation [98]
PDX1 TT8SGZK Definitive Biomarker [99]
PRKCZ TTBSN0L Definitive Biomarker [61]
PTPN1 TTELIN2 Definitive Altered Expression [100]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 108 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 4 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC27A1 DTKDTML Limited Biomarker [101]
ATP2B1 DTJWQ1L Strong Biomarker [102]
SLC30A10 DTYBI73 Strong Altered Expression [88]
SLC39A14 DTZ6IJW Strong Biomarker [103]
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This Disease Is Related to 4 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
HSD17B10 DEGSPC9 Strong Genetic Variation [104]
PMM2 DEBRX3L Strong Biomarker [105]
SI DE5EO4Y Strong Altered Expression [66]
UGDH DE48Q2Z Strong Genetic Variation [106]
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This Disease Is Related to 127 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CD68 OTOYEY3J Limited Biomarker [4]
COL3A1 OTT1EMLM Limited Biomarker [107]
DYNC1H1 OTD1KRKO Limited Genetic Variation [108]
FANCC OTTIDM3P Limited Biomarker [46]
FBN1 OTYCJT63 Limited Biomarker [109]
FCGR3B OTSLSPZG Limited Biomarker [4]
GFPT1 OTQBDO45 Limited Biomarker [110]
GLUD1 OTXKOCUH Limited Genetic Variation [111]
H6PD OTO7TNDD Limited Altered Expression [112]
HCLS1 OTX7WGYN Limited Biomarker [113]
NEIL1 OTHBU5DJ Limited Biomarker [114]
SIGLEC7 OTNDLURR Limited Biomarker [113]
STK24 OTGUHOIL Limited Biomarker [115]
TSC22D3 OT03UM03 Limited Biomarker [116]
ALMS1 OTW66JKS Disputed Biomarker [117]
HADH OTJDOL20 moderate Genetic Variation [118]
NFAT5 OTKIE59S moderate Biomarker [119]
NOX3 OT0FFJH8 moderate Biomarker [120]
OSR1 OTB19LEQ moderate Biomarker [121]
PMS2 OTNLWTMI moderate Genetic Variation [122]
RETN OTW5Z1NH moderate Biomarker [123]
ACAD10 OTFAG3M0 Strong Biomarker [124]
ADGRV1 OTLVXHHP Strong Biomarker [125]
ADIPOR1 OT65ZFZN Strong Altered Expression [126]
ADIPOR2 OT2HDTL8 Strong Altered Expression [127]
AKT1S1 OT4JHN4Y Strong Altered Expression [128]
AMY1A OT6G4B8O Strong Biomarker [69]
ANGPTL8 OTQFINCD Strong Altered Expression [129]
APOA5 OTEVKLVA Strong Biomarker [130]
APOC1 OTA58CED Strong Altered Expression [131]
APOD OTT77XW8 Strong Altered Expression [132]
ARHGEF11 OTDOMEH6 Strong Genetic Variation [133]
ARHGEF12 OTM2D3LT Strong Genetic Variation [134]
ARID4B OTYLPILE Strong Biomarker [135]
ASPSCR1 OTXTOD10 Strong Biomarker [136]
BGLAP OTK1YLWQ Strong Biomarker [137]
BSCL2 OT73V6Y4 Strong Biomarker [138]
BTC OTW4B2O0 Strong Biomarker [139]
CANX OTYP1F6J Strong Biomarker [140]
CARTPT OTTE4V9S Strong Altered Expression [83]
CAVIN1 OTFO915U Strong Genetic Variation [141]
CCDC8 OTO295IH Strong Biomarker [140]
CCNG2 OTII38K2 Strong Altered Expression [142]
CIB2 OT9ZJX1I Strong Genetic Variation [143]
CNBP OTTGM9NK Strong Biomarker [144]
CRYL1 OT0SJSJM Strong Genetic Variation [106]
DBP OTE0W7LN Strong Biomarker [145]
DIO2 OTGPNSLH Strong Genetic Variation [146]
DUSP12 OT8WB1YB Strong Biomarker [147]
EHHADH OTBAAHL5 Strong Genetic Variation [148]
ELOVL6 OTB26UJJ Strong Biomarker [149]
ENHO OT91QASK Strong Biomarker [150]
FAIM2 OT6QINVO Strong Genetic Variation [151]
FGF11 OT6513W2 Strong Biomarker [152]
FOXA2 OTJOCVOY Strong Genetic Variation [153]
FTMT OTIUX6XG Strong Biomarker [65]
GCHFR OTEOT8GI Strong Biomarker [154]
GGPS1 OTVEHG28 Strong Biomarker [155]
GLIS3 OTBC960E Strong Genetic Variation [156]
GNA13 OTVDL515 Strong Biomarker [157]
GPR83 OT7A2FE8 Strong Genetic Variation [158]
GRB10 OTCKXGRC Strong Biomarker [159]
GTF3A OTVROUVQ Strong Altered Expression [45]
GYS1 OTJZJRWK Strong Biomarker [160]
HAP1 OT6SG0JQ Strong Altered Expression [26]
IARS1 OT9WXH5N Strong Altered Expression [161]
IFNGR1 OTCTQBWW Strong Biomarker [162]
IREB2 OT747D24 Strong Biomarker [163]
KCNJ15 OTZT6EQB Strong Altered Expression [164]
KLF11 OTKVQDJD Strong Genetic Variation [165]
KLF14 OT8BXLBS Strong Altered Expression [166]
KRT16 OTGA0EQN Strong Altered Expression [72]
LECT2 OTSFZ9JD Strong Genetic Variation [167]
LIPC OTZY5SC9 Strong Biomarker [168]
LMNA OT3SG7ZR Strong Genetic Variation [64]
LPIN1 OTQ75KF2 Strong Genetic Variation [169]
MGAT5 OTU4DD4G Strong Biomarker [170]
MLXIPL OTR9MLLW Strong Altered Expression [171]
MPI OTBH6ZK1 Strong Biomarker [105]
MT1B OTUA4FFH Strong Biomarker [68]
MTCH2 OTV3E4GU Strong Biomarker [172]
NDC80 OTS7D306 Strong Biomarker [173]
NIT1 OT1KHPKJ Strong Altered Expression [174]
NT5C3A OT67KZJA Strong Biomarker [175]
OGT OT1Z1ZXE Strong Biomarker [176]
PDHX OTG7O271 Strong Biomarker [99]
PDK4 OTCMHMBZ Strong Biomarker [177]
PEA15 OTKCKTSX Strong Altered Expression [178]
PFKFB1 OTTHX4NB Strong Biomarker [179]
PICK1 OT8QE6EU Strong Altered Expression [180]
PKNOX1 OTUDMNHX Strong Biomarker [181]
PLIN2 OTRXJ9UN Strong Genetic Variation [182]
PPP2R2C OTXK0SDM Strong Genetic Variation [183]
PPP2R5B OTW2QIX9 Strong Biomarker [184]
PRDX3 OTLB2WEU Strong Biomarker [185]
PRKD2 OTIFSVI8 Strong Altered Expression [186]
PROK1 OT8S7RUG Strong Biomarker [187]
PTPRA OTZA82J1 Strong Genetic Variation [188]
PTPRD OTZPJ3GX Strong Genetic Variation [189]
RAB5B OT06PN42 Strong Biomarker [190]
RAG1 OTV131E4 Strong Biomarker [191]
RARRES1 OTETUPP5 Strong Altered Expression [192]
RBFOX1 OTFPKEL7 Strong Altered Expression [193]
RBFOX2 OTXY1WVH Strong Biomarker [193]
SCNN1A OTE2KVZV Strong Altered Expression [86]
SFTPA1 OT87XL1U Strong Altered Expression [194]
SFTPA2 OT6SFOMU Strong Altered Expression [194]
SFTPB OTOHS07E Strong Biomarker [194]
SFTPC OTIZJD09 Strong Biomarker [194]
SGMS2 OT3NHO99 Strong Biomarker [195]
SH2B1 OTJZO2CI Strong Genetic Variation [196]
SHBG OTPWU5IW Strong Altered Expression [197]
SIRT4 OT5S0J23 Strong Genetic Variation [198]
SNX5 OT6ZOWMU Strong Biomarker [8]
SNX9 OTLNQ0ZM Strong Altered Expression [199]
ST3GAL4 OTNENJZQ Strong Altered Expression [200]
STEAP4 OTFTLAEZ Strong Biomarker [201]
SURF1 OTAINRSS Strong Biomarker [202]
TCFL5 OTJL4348 Strong Biomarker [203]
TMEM11 OTL9HDEY Strong Biomarker [105]
TPD52 OTPKSK43 Strong Altered Expression [72]
TRIM63 OTUSWA74 Strong Biomarker [204]
TRIM72 OTFAFXPC Strong Biomarker [205]
KCNH6 OTQ52G7V Definitive Genetic Variation [206]
KL OTD4VWU6 Definitive Altered Expression [26]
QRFP OTX5FZDJ Definitive Biomarker [207]
TBC1D4 OTK66C40 Definitive Biomarker [208]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 127 DOT(s)

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04836273) Treatment of Post-bariatric Hypoglycaemia (SHERRY). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
2 Diazoxide FDA Label
3 The calcium channel blocker LAS 30538, unlike nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem or flunarizine, potently inhibits insulin secretion in-vivo in rats and dogs. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1992 Oct;44(10):851-5.
4 Expression of macrophage genes within skeletal muscle correlates inversely with adiposity and insulin resistance in humans.Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018 Feb;43(2):187-193. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0228. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
5 Hyperinsulinemia drives hepatic insulin resistance in male mice with liver-specific Ceacam1 deletion independently of lipolysis.Metabolism. 2019 Apr;93:33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.008. Epub 2019 Jan 19.
6 Glutathione peroxidase-1 inhibits transcription of regenerating islet-derived protein-2 in pancreatic islets.Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 Apr;134:385-393. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.024. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
7 Heme oxygenase-1 induction remodels adipose tissue and improves insulin sensitivity in obesity-induced diabetic rats.Hypertension. 2009 Mar;53(3):508-15. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.124701. Epub 2009 Jan 26.
8 Loss of renal SNX5 results in impaired IDE activity and insulin resistance in mice.Diabetologia. 2018 Mar;61(3):727-737. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4482-1. Epub 2017 Oct 28.
9 Generation of a KCNJ11 homozygous knockout human embryonic stem cell line WAe001-A-12 using CRISPR/Cas9.Stem Cell Res. 2017 Oct;24:89-93. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.08.016. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
10 Deficient melanocortin-4 receptor causes abnormal reproductive neuroendocrine profile in female mice.Reproduction. 2017 Mar;153(3):267-276. doi: 10.1530/REP-16-0341.
11 Changes in serum adipokines profile and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-.Curr Med Res Opin. 2019 Dec;35(12):2197-2205. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1654988. Epub 2019 Sep 13.
12 Caloric restriction improves glucose homeostasis, yet increases cardiometabolic risk in caveolin-1-deficient mice.Metabolism. 2018 Jun;83:92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.012. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
13 Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Dopamine -Hydroxylase Deficiency.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jan 1;102(1):10-14. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3274.
14 Clinical heterogeneity of hyperinsulinism due to HNF1A and HNF4A mutations.Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Aug;19(5):910-916. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12655. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
15 The effect of apelin-13 on pancreatic islet beta cell mass and myocardial fatty acid and glucose metabolism of experimental type 2 diabetic rats.Peptides. 2019 Apr;114:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
16 GDF5 Promotes White Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis via p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway.DNA Cell Biol. 2019 Nov;38(11):1303-1312. doi: 10.1089/dna.2019.4724. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
17 GIP-induced vasodilation in human adipose tissue involves capillary recruitment.Endocr Connect. 2019 Jun;8(6):806-813. doi: 10.1530/EC-19-0144.
18 Zinc-induced activation of GPR39 regulates glucose homeostasis through glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion from enteroendocrine K-cells.Biol Chem. 2019 Feb 9;400(8):1023-1033. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0393. Print 2019 Jul 26.
19 Downregulation of macrophage Irs2 by hyperinsulinemia impairs IL-4-indeuced M2a-subtype macrophage activation in obesity.Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 19;9(1):4863. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07358-9.
20 Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.PLoS One. 2019 Jan 28;14(1):e0211281. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211281. eCollection 2019.
21 Hyperinsulinemia impairs functions of circulating endothelial progenitor cells.Acta Diabetol. 2019 Jul;56(7):785-795. doi: 10.1007/s00592-019-01314-9. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
22 Increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in HEPG2 cells induced by insulin mediated by the 3'-untranslated region of the PAI-1 gene and its pharmacologic implications.Coron Artery Dis. 2010 May;21(3):144-50. doi: 10.1097/MCA.0b013e328335790e.
23 A variant in the G6PC2/ABCB11 locus is associated with increased fasting plasma glucose, increased basal hepatic glucose production and increased insulin release after oral and intravenous glucose loads.Diabetologia. 2009 Oct;52(10):2122-9. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1463-z. Epub 2009 Aug 8.
24 The expression of genes involved in jejunal lipogenesis and lipoprotein synthesis is altered in morbidly obese subjects with insulin resistance.Lab Invest. 2015 Dec;95(12):1409-17. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.115. Epub 2015 Sep 14.
25 Analysis of candidate genes for insulin resistance in essential hypertension.Hypertens Res. 1996 Jun;19 Suppl 1:S31-4. doi: 10.1291/hypres.19.supplementi_s31.
26 Age-Related Expression of Human AT1R Variants and Associated Renal Dysfunction in Transgenic Mice.Am J Hypertens. 2018 Oct 15;31(11):1234-1242. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpy121.
27 Angptl3 deficiency is associated with increased insulin sensitivity, lipoprotein lipase activity, and decreased serum free fatty acids.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013 Jul;33(7):1706-13. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301397. Epub 2013 May 9.
28 Angiopoietin-like protein 4 is an exercise-induced hepatokine in humans, regulated by glucagon and cAMP.Mol Metab. 2017 Oct;6(10):1286-1295. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.018. Epub 2017 Jul 8.
29 Estrogen deprivation aggravates intracellular calcium dyshomeostasis in the heart of obese-insulin resistant rats.J Cell Physiol. 2019 May;234(5):6983-6991. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27444. Epub 2018 Nov 11.
30 Biochemical and genetic association of plasma apolipoprotein A-II levels with familial combined hyperlipidemia.Circ Res. 2003 Jun 13;92(11):1262-7. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000075600.87675.16. Epub 2003 May 8.
31 Effect of Hypertriglyceridemia on Beta Cell Mass and Function in ApoC3 Transgenic Mice.J Biol Chem. 2016 Jul 8;291(28):14695-705. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.707885. Epub 2016 May 11.
32 Adipocyte aquaporin 7 (AQP7) expression in lean children and children with obesity. Possible involvement in molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity.J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Oct 25;31(10):1081-1089. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0281.
33 Bace2 is a beta cell-enriched protease that regulates pancreatic beta cell function and mass. Cell Metab. 2011 Sep 7;14(3):365-77.
34 Impaired endothelial function and insulin action in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Metabolism. 2009 Jan;58(1):93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.08.011.
35 CDK8 Regulates Insulin Secretion and Mediates Postnatal and Stress-Induced Expression of Neuropeptides in Pancreatic Cells.Cell Rep. 2019 Sep 10;28(11):2892-2904.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.025.
36 Exercise training-induced improvement in skeletal muscle PGC-1-mediated fat metabolism is independent of dietary glycemic index.Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Apr;25(4):721-729. doi: 10.1002/oby.21799.
37 Insulin suppression of fatty acid skeletal muscle enzyme activity in postmenopausal women, and improvements in metabolic flexibility and lipoprotein lipase with aerobic exercise and weight loss.Int J Obes (Lond). 2019 Feb;43(2):276-284. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0068-3. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
38 CTSH regulates -cell function and disease progression in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 15;111(28):10305-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1402571111. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
39 Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A ameliorates insulin resistance in neurons by up-regulating IRS-1 expression.J Biol Chem. 2019 Dec 27;294(52):20164-20176. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010809. Epub 2019 Nov 13.
40 Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1-Mediated Mechanism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Aug 1;104(8):3481-3490. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00161.
41 Is Overnight Fasting before Surgery Too Much or Not Enough? How Basic Aging Research Can Guide Preoperative Nutritional Recommendations to Improve Surgical Outcomes: A Mini-Review.Gerontology. 2017;63(3):228-237. doi: 10.1159/000453109. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
42 Insulin action on protein synthesis and its association with eIF5A expression and hypusination.Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Feb;46(1):587-596. doi: 10.1007/s11033-018-4512-1. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
43 Naringenin ameliorates insulin resistance by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatitis C virus-infected liver.Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jul;115:108848. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108848. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
44 Thrombin stimulates insulin secretion via protease-activated receptor-3.Islets. 2015;7(4):e1118195. doi: 10.1080/19382014.2015.1118195.
45 Adipocyte-derived stem cell-based gene therapy upon adipogenic differentiation on microcarriers attenuates type 1 diabetes in mice.Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jan 22;10(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1135-y.
46 Fanconi anemia links reactive oxygen species to insulin resistance and obesity. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2012 Oct 15;17(8):1083-98. doi: 10.1089/ars.2011.4417. Epub 2012 Jun 25.
47 Prospective analyses of white adipose tissue gene expression in relation to long-term body weight changes.Int J Obes (Lond). 2020 Feb;44(2):377-387. doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0385-1. Epub 2019 Jun 4.
48 Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indane derived GPR40 agoPAMs.Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2019 Jul 15;29(14):1842-1848. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.050. Epub 2019 May 2.
49 Microbiota-Produced N-Formyl Peptide fMLF Promotes Obesity-Induced Glucose Intolerance.Diabetes. 2019 Jul;68(7):1415-1426. doi: 10.2337/db18-1307. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
50 Mechanisms involved in follistatin-induced hypertrophy and increased insulin action in skeletal muscle.J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019 Dec;10(6):1241-1257. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12474. Epub 2019 Aug 11.
51 Selective tonic inhibition of G-6-Pase catalytic subunit, but not G-6-P transporter, gene expression by insulin in vivo.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Oct;281(4):E713-25. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.4.E713.
52 Drug-induced diabetes type 2: In silico study involving class B GPCRs.PLoS One. 2019 Jan 16;14(1):e0208892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208892. eCollection 2019.
53 l-Cysteine supplementation increases insulin sensitivity mediated by upregulation of GSH and adiponectin in high glucose treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Arch Biochem Biophys. 2017 Sep 15;630:54-65. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.07.016. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
54 Factors associated with fasting plasma ghrelin levels in children and adolescents.World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Feb 7;14(5):790-4. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.790.
55 TITRATION: A Randomized Study to Assess 2 Treatment Algorithms with New Insulin Glargine 300 units/mL.Can J Diabetes. 2017 Oct;41(5):478-484. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.06.007. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
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