General Information of Drug (ID: DMKWFBT)

Drug Name
Melatonin Drug Info
Synonyms
73-31-4; Melatonine; N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine; Circadin; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide; N-(2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide; Melatol; Melovine; Melatonex; N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-; UNII-JL5DK93RCL; N-(2-(5-Methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide; N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine; NSC 113928; CCRIS 3472; CHEMBL45; EINECS 200-797-7; JL5DK93RCL; Acetamide, N-(2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)-; BRN 0205542; Circadin; Melapure; Melatonina; Posidorm; Vivitas; Night Rest; Pineal Hormone; Revital Melatonin; Rx Balance; Sleep Right; IN1244; M 5250; M1105; ML1; MT6; TNP00300; M-1200; M-1250; Mela-T; Melatonex, Melatonin; Melatonina (TN); NMR/14327425; Nature'S Harmony; PREVENTION 2 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 3 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 4 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 5 (MELATONIN); PREVENTION 1 (MELATONIN) (PREVENTION 1); Acetamide, {N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]-}; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]-(6CI,8CI); N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-(9CI); Acetamide, {N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-}; Acetamide, N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-(9CI); 4-ACETAMIDO-4'-ISOTHIO-CYANATOSTILBENE-2,2'-DISULFONIC ACID; [3H]melatonin; N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [1] , [2] , [3]
Therapeutic Class
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
896
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:16796
CAS Number
CAS 73-31-4
TTD Drug ID
DMKWFBT
INTEDE Drug ID
DR1018

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DME
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Discontinued Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [14]
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [15]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [16]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [17]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [18]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [19]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [20]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [21]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [22]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [23]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Progesterone DMUY35B Premature labour JB00 Approved [24]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [25]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [26]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [27]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [21]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [28]
Estrone DM5T6US Menopausal and postmenopausal disorder GA30 Approved [29]
Erythromycin DM4K7GQ Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [30]
Riboflavin DM8YMWE Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [31]
Mercaptopurine DMTM2IK Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [32]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Progesterone DMUY35B Premature labour JB00 Approved [33]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [34]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [35]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [36]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [37]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [36]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [38]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [8]
Estrone DM5T6US Menopausal and postmenopausal disorder GA30 Approved [39]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [40]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Amoxicillin DMUYNEI Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [41]
Progesterone DMUY35B Premature labour JB00 Approved [33]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [42]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [43]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [36]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [44]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [28]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [40]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [45]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [46]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Progesterone DMUY35B Premature labour JB00 Approved [47]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [26]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [21]
Estrone DM5T6US Menopausal and postmenopausal disorder GA30 Approved [29]
Erythromycin DM4K7GQ Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [30]
Rosuvastatin DMMIQ7G Hypercholesterolaemia 5C80.0 Approved [48]
Vitamin A DMJ2AH4 Night blindness 9D45 Approved [49]
Caffeine DMKBJWP Orthostatic hypotension BA21 Approved [50]
Theophylline DMRJFN9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [50]
Flutamide DMK0O7U Prostate cancer 2C82.0 Approved [51]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
L-tryptophan DMIBH7M Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [52]
Drug(s) Targeting Quinone reductase 2 (NQO2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
NSC-645809 DMPJQZG Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Phase 2 [53]
Prolarix DMZIQ8G Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 2 [54]
CB1954 DMVP4YK Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Discontinued in Phase 2 [55]
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide DM5S4GK Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [55]
2-iodo-melatonin DMSEIUP Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [56]
3,4,5-Trimethoxy-4'-amino-trans-stilbene DMDBOJ5 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [57]
NSC-645808 DMMBAR3 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [53]
Decynium 22 DMWCTZ7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [58]
NSC-106080 DMR6P9S Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [58]
NSC-99528 DMXZAIG Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [58]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Ramelteon DM7IW9J Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [59]
Tasimelteon DMLOQ1V Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [60]
Neu-P11 DMIQDFW Alzheimer disease 8A20 Phase 2 [61]
LY-156735 DM5IX9M Anxiety disorder 6B00-6B0Z Phase 2 [62]
Agomelatine DMXYA5K Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Withdrawn from market [63]
Luzindole DMXRJQV Sleep-wake disorder 7A00-7B2Z Terminated [64]
S-20928 DMQDWMJ Sleep-wake disorder 7A00-7B2Z Terminated [65]
GR-133347 DMNRJA0 Anxiety disorder 6B00-6B0Z Terminated [66]
GR-131663 DMKAGLV Anxiety disorder 6B00-6B0Z Terminated [67]
SL-18.1616 DMI1WNF Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Terminated [68]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Melatonin receptor type 1A (MTNR1A) TT0WAIE MTR1A_HUMAN Binder [4] , [5] , [6]
Quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) TTJLP0R NQO2_HUMAN Inhibitor [7]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) DE6OQ3W CP1A1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) DE9QHP6 CP1B1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) DE43MW5 I23O1_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (ASMT) DEHGR57 ASMT_HUMAN Substrate [13]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 224).
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Melatonin and melatonergic drugs on sleep: possible mechanisms of action. Int J Neurosci. 2009;119(6):821-46.
4 The human MT1 melatonin receptor stimulates cAMP production in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y cells via a calcium-calmodulin signal transduction pathway. J Neuroendocrinol. 2005 Mar;17(3):170-8.
5 Coexpression of MT1 and RORalpha1 melatonin receptors in the Syrian hamster Harderian gland. J Pineal Res. 2005 Aug;39(1):21-6.
6 Pharmacological characterization of human recombinant melatonin mt(1) and MT(2) receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;129(5):877-86.
7 The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42.
8 New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126.
9 Metabolism of melatonin by human cytochromes p450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):489-94.
10 The effect of CYP2C19 substrate on the metabolism of melatonin in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;28(7):447-50.
11 Multiple P450 substrates in a single run: rapid and comprehensive in vitro interaction assay. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2005 Jan;24(1):123-32.
12 Molecular evidence that melatonin is enzymatically oxidized in a different manner than tryptophan: investigations with both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and myeloperoxidase. Biochem J. 2005 May 15;388(Pt 1):205-15.
13 The pharmacology of the pineal gland. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1976;16:33-51.
14 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
15 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase-mediated DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic aromatic amines in human adenocarcinoma colon cells. Mol Carcinog. 2004 Jul;40(3):180-8.
16 Endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen inhibit human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Nov;42(11):1843-50.
17 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):R352-65.
18 PharmGKB summary: pathways of acetaminophen metabolism at the therapeutic versus toxic doses. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2015 Aug;25(8):416-26.
19 The effect of apigenin on pharmacokinetics of imatinib and its metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib in rats. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:789184.
20 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
21 The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
22 Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Sep;348(3):332-7.
23 Metabolism and metabolic inhibition of xanthotoxol in human liver microsomes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:5416509.
24 Allelic variants of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1): effect of T461N and I462V substitutions on steroid hydroxylase specificity. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Aug;10(6):519-30.
25 Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74.
26 Cytochrome P450 isoforms catalyze formation of catechol estrogen quinones that react with DNA. Metabolism. 2007 Jul;56(7):887-94.
27 Preferred orientations in the binding of 4'-hydroxyacetanilide (acetaminophen) to cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2B1 isoforms as determined by 13C- and 15N-NMR relaxation studies. J Med Chem. 1994 Mar 18;37(6):860-7.
28 Diclofenac and its derivatives as tools for studying human cytochromes P450 active sites: particular efficiency and regioselectivity of P450 2Cs. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 26;38(43):14264-70.
29 A common CYP1B1 polymorphism is associated with 2-OHE1/16-OHE1 urinary estrone ratio. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(7):702-6.
30 Cytochromes P450 in crustacea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;121(1-3):157-72.
31 Disruption of endogenous regulator homeostasis underlies the mechanism of rat CYP1A1 mRNA induction by metyrapone. Biochem J. 1998 Apr 1;331 ( Pt 1):273-81.
32 Pharmacogenomics in drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing anticancer drugs for personalized cancer chemotherapy. Curr Drug Metab. 2007 Aug;8(6):554-62.
33 Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
34 Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. J Chemother. 2006 Aug;18(4):421-4.
35 Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
36 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
37 Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Oct;95(40):e5076.
38 Drug interactions with calcium channel blockers: possible involvement of metabolite-intermediate complexation with CYP3A. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):125-30.
39 A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7.
40 A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
41 High-dose rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy as the second-line regimen after failure to eradicate H. pylori by triple therapy with the usual doses of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Nov-Dec;50(54):2274-8.
42 Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene. 2006 Mar 13;25(11):1679-91.
43 CYP2C19*17 is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(2):391-6.
44 Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;353(1):116-21.
45 Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33.
46 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
47 Catalytic properties of polymorphic human cytochrome P450 1B1 variants. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Aug;20(8):1607-13.
48 Pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin when coadministered with rifampicin in healthy males: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Clin Ther. 2008 Jul;30(7):1283-9.
49 Metabolism of retinoids and arachidonic acid by human and mouse cytochrome P450 1b1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Aug;32(8):840-7.
50 Oxidation of xenobiotics by recombinant human cytochrome P450 1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997 May;25(5):617-22.
51 Human CYP1B1 and anticancer agent metabolism: mechanism for tumor-specific drug inactivation? J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Feb;296(2):537-41.
52 Kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes involved in redox reactions. Neuropharmacology. 2017 Jan;112(Pt B):331-345.
53 Imidazoacridin-6-ones as novel inhibitors of the quinone oxidoreductase NQO2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 May 1;20(9):2832-6.
54 CenterWatch. Drugs in Clinical Trials Database. CenterWatch. 2008.
55 How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.
56 Synthesis of casimiroin and optimization of its quinone reductase 2 and aromatase inhibitory activities. J Med Chem. 2009 Apr 9;52(7):1873-84.
57 Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of resveratrol analogues as aromatase and quinone reductase 2 inhibitors for chemoprevention of cancer. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Jul 15;18(14):5352-66.
58 In silico identification and biochemical evaluation of novel inhibitors of NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Dec 15;20(24):7331-6.
59 MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors: ligands, models, oligomers, and therapeutic potential. J Med Chem. 2014 Apr 24;57(8):3161-85.
60 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7393).
61 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 288).
62 Melatonin and sleep in aging population. Exp Gerontol. 2005 Dec;40(12):911-25.
63 Melatonin receptor agonists: SAR and applications to the treatment of sleep-wake disorders. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(11):954-68.
64 Luzindole (N-0774): a novel melatonin receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988 Sep;246(3):902-10.
65 Effects of two melatonin analogues, S-20098 and S-20928, on melatonin receptors in the pars tuberalis of the rat. J Pineal Res. 1998 Oct;25(3):172-6.
66 US patent application no. 5,151,446, Substituted 2-amidotetralins as melatonin agonists and antagonists.
67 Novel non-indolic melatonin receptor agonists differentially entrain endogenous melatonin rhythm and increase its amplitude. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Oct 15;382(3):157-66.
68 US patent application no. 2005,016,4987, Melatonin combination therapy for improving sleep quality.